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Encyclopedia > Phentermine

Phentermine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine and 2-methyl-amphetamine
Identifiers
CAS number 122-09-8
ATC code A08AA01 C01CA11
PubChem 4771
DrugBank APRD00093
Chemical data
Formula C10H15N 
Mol. mass 149.233 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Peak plasma levels occur within 1 to 4.5 hours. Absorption is usually complete by 4 to 6 hours
Protein binding Approximately 96.3%
Metabolism hepatic
Half life 16 to 31 hours
Excretion Urinary elimination
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

C(US) Phentermine structure. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 536 pixelsFull resolution (928 × 622 pixel, file size: 109 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A08A Antiobesity preparations, excluding diet products A08AA Centrally acting antiobesity products A08AA01 Phentermine A08AA02 Fenfluramine A08AA03 Amfepramone A08AA04 Dexfenfluramine A08AA05 Mazindol A08AA06 Etilamfetamine A08AA07 Cathine A08AA08 Clobenzorex A08AA09 Mefenorex A08AA10 Sibutramine A08AA56 Ephedrine, combinations A08AB Peripherally... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique bioinformatics and cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the chemistry of hydrogen. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... A drugs efficacy may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within blood plasma. ... Drug metabolism is the metabolism of drugs, their biochemical modification or degradation, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. ... The biological half-life of a substance is the time required for half of that substance to be removed from an organism by either a physical or a chemical process. ... The kidneys are important excretory organs in vertebrates. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...

Legal status

Schedule IV(US) The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ... This box:      The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...

Routes Oral

Phentermine is an appetite suppressant of the amphetamine and phenethylamine class. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. ... Anorectics, anorexigenics or appetite suppressants, are substances which reduce the desire to eat (anorectic, from the Greek an- = not and oreg- = extend, reach). Used on a short term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available over the counter. ... Amphetamine or Amfetamine(Alpha-Methyl-PHenEThylAMINE), also known as beta-phenyl-isopropylamine and benzedrine, is a prescription stimulant commonly used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children. ... Phenethylamine, or β-Phenylethylamine, is an alkaloid and monoamine. ...


It is approved as an appetite suppressant to help reduce weight in obese patients when used short-term and combined with exercise, diet, and behavioral modification. It is typically prescribed for individuals who are at increased medical risk because of their weight and works by helping to release certain chemicals in the brain that control appetite.

Contents

Commercial trade names

  • Adipex P (Immediate release)
  • Anoxine-AM
  • Fastin (discontinued)
  • Ionamin (Slow Release Resin, Australia, discontinued in the US)
  • Duromine (Slow Release Resin, New Zealand & Australia)
  • Obephen
  • Obermine
  • Obestin-30
  • Phentrol
  • Phenterex
  • Phentromin
  • Pro-Fast SA
  • Redusa
  • Panbesy
  • Phentermine Trenker
  • Obenix
  • Oby-Trim

History

In 1959 phentermine first received approval from the FDA as an appetite suppressing drug. Phentermine hydrochloride then became available in the early 1970s. It was previously sold as Fastin from King Pharmaceuticals for SmithKline Beecham, however in 1998 it was removed from the market. Medeva Pharmaceuticals sells the name brand of phentermine called Ionamin® and Gate Pharmaceuticals sells it as Adipex-P. Phentermine is also currently sold as a generic. Since the drug was approved in 1959 there have been almost no clinical studies performed. The most recent study was in 1990 which combined phentermine with fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine and became known as Fen-Phen. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) plc is a pharmaceutical and healthcare company, one of the largest in the world, in fact the second largest pharmaceutical company. ... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication (the other drug being phentermine). ... Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a appetite-suppresant drug. ... Fen-phen was an anti-obesity medication (an anorectic) which consisted of two drugs: fenfluramine and phentermine. ...


A study was published in 1992 that Fen-Phen was more effective than diet and exercise with few side effects. However, in 1997 after 24 cases of heart valve disease in Fen-Phen users, fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine were voluntarily taken off the market at the request of the FDA. Studies later proved that nearly 30% of people taking fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine had abnormal valve findings. The FDA did not ask manufacturers to remove phentermine from the market.


Phentermine is still available by itself in most countries, including the U.S. However, because it is similar to amphetamines, individuals may develop an addiction to it. Hence, it is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. Internationally, phentermine is a schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[1] In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Amphetamine is a synthetic drug originally developed (and still used) as an appetite suppressant. ... Drug addiction, or dependency is the compulsive use of drugs, to the point where the user has no effective choice but to continue use. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Convention on Psychotropic Substances Opened for signature February 21, 1971 in Vienna Entered into force August 16, 1976 Conditions for entry into force 40 ratifications Parties 175 The Convention on Psychotropic Substances is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, and psychedelics. ... The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ... This box:      The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. ...


Mechanism of action

Phentermine, like many other prescription drugs, works with neurotransmitters in the brain. It is a centrally-acting stimulant and is a constitutional isomer (not to be confused with stereoisomer) of methamphetamine. It stimulates neuron bundles to release a particular group of neurotransmitters known as catecholamines; these include dopamine, epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The anorectic activity seen with these compounds is thus likely due to their effect on the central nervous system, which is consistent with current knowledge about the central nervous system and feeding behavior. This is the same mechanism of action as other stimulant appetite suppressants such as diethylpropion and phendimetrazine. The neurotransmitters signal a fight-or-flight response in the body which, in turn, puts a halt to the hunger signal. As a result, it causes a loss in appetite because the brain does not receive the hunger message. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Chemical structure of D-aspartic acid, a common amino acid neurotransmitter. ... Stimulants are drugs that temporarily increase alertness and wakefulness. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. ... Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer. ... This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ... This article is about cells in the nervous system. ... tyrosine is the precursor of catecholamines epinephrine norepinephrine dopamine Synthesis Catecholamines are chemical compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine containing catechol and amine groups. ... For other uses, see Dopamine (disambiguation). ... Adrenaline redirects here. ... Norepinephrine (INN)(abbr. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Diethylpropion (Tenuate®) is a sympathomimetic stimulant drug marketed as an appetite suppressant. ... Phendimetrazine (Bontril®) is a weight loss medication. ... The fight-or-flight response, also called hyperarousal or the acute stress response, was first described by Walter Cannon in 1915[1][2]. His theory states that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system, priming the animal for fighting or fleeing. ...


Dosing and administration

Generally, it is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that phentermine should be used short-term (usually interpreted as 'up to 12 weeks'), while following nonpharmacological approaches to weight loss such as healthy dieting and exercise. However, recommendations limiting its use for short-term treatment may be controversial. One reason given behind limiting its use to 12 weeks is drug tolerance, whereby phentermine loses its appetite-suppressing effects after the body adjusts to the drug. On the contrary, it has been shown that phentermine did not lose effectiveness in a 36-week trial.[2] Due to the risk of insomnia, it is generally recommended that the drug be taken either before breakfast or 1-2 hours after breakfast. “FDA” redirects here. ... Measuring body weight on a scale Dieting is the practice of ingesting food in a regulated fashion to achieve a particular objective. ... The term Exercise can refer to: Physical exercise such as running or strength training Exercise (options), the financial term for enacting and terminating a contract Category: ... Drug tolerance occurs when a subjects reaction to a drug (such as a painkiller or intoxicant) decreases so that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ...


Contraindications and warnings

  • Patients with the following should not use Phentermine:
  • Some medical conditions may interact with Phentermine, patients with the following should consult with their doctor before using phentermine:
  • Some medicines may interact with Phentermine, such as the following:
    • Dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, furazolidone, or MAOIs (eg, phenelzine) because the risk of serious side effects, such as increasing headache, high blood pressure, slow heart rate, elevated temperature, or possibly fatal lung problems, may be increased
    • Serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Phentermine
    • Guanadrel or guanethidine because their effectiveness may be decreased by Phentermine

Allergy is an abnormal reaction to a substance foreign to the body that is acquired, predictable and rapid. ... Sympathomimetics are a class of drugs whose properties mimic those of a stimulated sympathetic nervous system. ... Pseudoephedrine (commonly abbreviated as PSE) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a decongestant. ... Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a appetite-suppresant drug. ... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication (the other drug being phentermine). ... Furazolidone (also marketed as Furoxone) is an antibiotic used to treat diarrhea and enteritis caused by bacteria or protozoan infections. ... Guanethidine is an antihypertensive drug. ... MAOI redirects here. ... Arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. ... Also see Alcoholism and Drug addiction. ... A pregnant woman Pregnancy is the process by which a mammalian female carries a live offspring from conception until it develops to the point where the offspring is capable of living outside the womb. ... A breastfeeding infant Breastfeeding is the practice of a woman feeding an infant (or sometimes a toddler or a young child) with milk produced from her mammary glands, usually directly from the nipples. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Hypercholesterolemia (literally: high blood cholesterol) is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. ...

Side effects

Generally, phentermine appears to be relatively well tolerated.[3] It can produce side effects consistent with its catecholamine-releasing properties, e.g., tachycardia (increased heart rate) and elevated blood pressure, but the incidence and magnitude of these appear to be less than with the amphetamines. Because phentermine acts through sympathomimetic pathways, the drug may increase blood pressure and heart rate. It may also cause palpitations, restlessness, and insomnia. Additionally, phentermine has the potential to cause physical and psychological dependence. Sympathomimetics are a class of drugs whose properties mimic those of a stimulated sympathetic nervous system. ... A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring arterial pressure. ... Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac cycle. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ...


More Common Symptoms

  • Insomnia
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Irritability
  • Nervousness
  • Sense of well-being

Less Common to Rare Symptoms

  • Blurred vision
  • Change in sexual desire
  • Clumsiness
  • Confusion
  • Diarrhea
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth
  • Headache
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Psychosis
  • Skin rash or itching
  • Stomach pain
  • Tiredness
  • Unpleasant taste

Possible Overdose Symptoms

  • Confusion
  • Convulsions (seizures)
  • Dizziness
  • Fast Breathing
  • Fever
  • Hallucinations
  • Hostility with urge to attack
  • Irregular blood pressure
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Lightheadedness or Fainting
  • Mental Depression, following a period of excitement
  • Tremors, Trembling, or Shaking
  • Overactive Reflexes
  • Panic
  • Restlessness
  • Severe nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
  • Stomach cramps
  • Tiredness or Weakness

References

  1. ^ Incb.org (PDF file)
  2. ^ PMID 11054601
  3. ^ Nelson DL, Gehlert DR. (2006). Central nervous system biogenic amine targets for control of appetite and energy expenditure. (HTML). Endocrine. 2006 Feb;29(1):49-60. PubMed. Retrieved on 6 May 2006.

is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

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Bupropion (INN; also amfebutamone,[1] brand names Wellbutrin, Zyban, Budeprion and Buproban) is an atypical antidepressant, which acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and dopamine reuptake inhibitor,[2] and a nicotinic antagonist. ... Cathine (β-hydroxyamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (khat). ... Cathinone (β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). ... Clenbuterol is a drug prescribed to sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. ... 4-desoxymescaline, or DESOXY, is a psychedelic phenethylamine and analogue with four times the potency of mescaline. ... Dextroamphetamine is a powerful psychostimulant which produces increased wakefulness, energy and self-confidence in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. ... This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ... Diethylcathinone, more commonly called Diethylpropion in the medical field (Tenuate®) is a sympathomimetic stimulant drug marketed as an appetite suppressant. ... Dimethylcathinone is a phenethylamine that is synthesized from dichloromethane, bromopropiophenone, and dimethylamine. ... DOC (or 4-Chloro-2,5-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOB (Brolamfetamine, Dr. Bob, Bob or Bromo-DMA) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and a substituted amphetamine of the phenethylamine class of compounds, which can be used as an entheogen. ... DOI or 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine family. ... DOM (or STP, allegedly standing for Serenity, Tranquillity and Peace) is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the phenethylamine class of compounds, sometimes used as an entheogen. ... bk-MBDB is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug first synthesized by Koeppe, Ludwig and Zeile and mentioned in their 1967 paper. ... For other uses, see Dopamine (disambiguation). ... Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as ABDF, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug somewhat related to the phenethylamine family. ... Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine similar in structure to the synthetic derivatives amphetamine and methamphetamine. ... Adrenaline redirects here. ... Escaline is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and entheogen of the phenethylamine class of compounds. ... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication (the other drug being phentermine). ... Levalbuterol (Xopenex®) is the R-enantiomer of the short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist albuterol. ... Levmetamfetamine (other names: l-desoxyephedrine, l-methamphetamine, levo-methamphetamine) is the l- stereoisomer of methamphetamine, a sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor which may be used in over-the-counter nasal decongestants. ... Also known as EDEN or methyl-j MBDB is an uncommon hallucinogenic phenethylamine, which is closely chemically related to MDMA. It was first synthesized by David E. Nichols, a leading Pharmacologist and Chemist. ... 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA or Tenamfetamine), is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen/entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... Methylone is a designer drug that is an analogue of MDMA (Ecstasy). ... MDEA (also MDE), which stands for 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug and empathogen-entactogen of the phenethylamine family. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Vitamin R redirects here. ... Norepinephrine (INN)(abbr. ... Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. Salbutamol sulphate is usually given by the inhaled route for direct effect on bronchial smooth muscle. ... In organic chemistry tyramine (4-hydroxy-phenethylamine, para-tyramine, p-tyramine) is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. ... Venlafaxine (Effexor) is an antidepressant of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class first introduced by Wyeth in 1993. ... Stimulants are drugs that temporarily increase alertness and wakefulness. ... Adrafinil chemical structure Adrafinil is a mild central nervous system stimulant drug used to relieve excessive sleepiness and inattention in elderly patients. ... Armodafinil (Nuvigil®) is a drug produced by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon, currently in the process of receiving FDA approval. ... Carphedon was developed in Russia and is claimed to increase physical stamina along with improved tolerance to cold, its also used for amnesia treatment. ... Modafinil is a eugeroic drug generally prescribed to treat narcolepsy, made by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon Inc. ... Phenethylamine is an alkaloid and monoamine. ... 4-FMP, also known by its full chemical name 4-fluoroamphetamine, or 4-Fluoro-alpha-Methyl-Phenethylamine, is a central nervous system stimulant. ... Alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) is a stimulant drug. ... Amphetamine or Amfetamine(Alpha-Methyl-PHenEThylAMINE), also known as beta-phenyl-isopropylamine and benzedrine, is a prescription stimulant commonly used to treat Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children. ... Dextroamphetamine is a powerful psychostimulant which produces increased wakefulness, energy and self-confidence in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. ... Adderall XR 15 mg capsule Adderall is a pharmaceutical psychostimulant comprised of mixed amphetamine salts. ... Amphetaminil is a cental nervous system stimulant. ... USA by Pharmacia. ... Bupropion (INN; also amfebutamone,[1] brand names Wellbutrin, Zyban, Budeprion and Buproban) is an atypical antidepressant, which acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and dopamine reuptake inhibitor,[2] and a nicotinic antagonist. ... Cathinone (β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). ... Chlorphentermine (Apsedon, Desopimon, Lucofen) is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. ... Clobenzorex (also known under the brand names Asenlix, Finedal, or Rexigen; or the US slang greenies) is a stimulant drug used as an anorectic (that is, a medication that suppresses appetite). ... Clortermine is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. ... Cypenamine is a stimulant drug. ... Diethylcathinone, more commonly called Diethylpropion in the medical field (Tenuate®) is a sympathomimetic stimulant drug marketed as an appetite suppressant. ... DMA, or dimethoxyamphetamine, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to Amphetamine and to TMA (Trimethoxyamphetamine). ... N,N-Dimethylamphetamine is a stimulant drug related to other amphetamines such as methamphetamine. ... Dimethylcathinone is a phenethylamine that is synthesized from dichloromethane, bromopropiophenone, and dimethylamine. ... Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine similar in structure to the synthetic derivatives amphetamine and methamphetamine. ... Adrenaline redirects here. ... N-ethylamphetamine (Etilamfetamine, Apetinil) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine which was invented in the early 1900s. ... Fencamfamine (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite supressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. ... Fenethylline (Captagon) is a synthetic stimulant drug. ... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication (the other drug being phentermine). ... Fenproporex (Perphoxene) is a stimulant drug which is used as an appetite suppressant. ... Feprosidnine (Sydnophen) is a stimulant drug which was developed in the USSR in the 1970s. ... Furfenorex (Frugalan) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine, which was developed in the 1960s and used as an appetite suppressant for the treatment of obesity. ... Levomethamphetamine (other names: l-desoxyephedrine, l-methamphetamine, levmetamfetamine ) is the l- stereoisomer of methamphetamine, a sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor which is the active ingredient used in some over-the-counter nasal decongestants. ... Lisdexamfetamine (L-lysine-d-amphetamine) is a prodrug of the psychostimulant d-amphetamine coupled with the essential amino acid L-lysine. ... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ... Mefenorex (Rondimen, Pondinil, Anexate) is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. ... This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Methoxyphedrine (Methedrone) is a stimulant drug. ... Methylone is a designer drug that is an analog of MDMA (Ecstasy). ... Octopamine is a biogenic amine which is closely related to noradrenaline, and has a similar action to dopamine. ... p-Hydroxyamphetamine (4-hydroxyamphetamine, α-methyltyramine) is a drug that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. ... For other uses, see PMA (disambiguation). ... Para-methoxy-ethylamphetamine or PMEA is a stimulant drug related to PMA and ethylamphetamine. ... Para-methoxy-methamphetamine or PMMA is a stimulant drug related to PMA and methamphetamine. ... (-)-1-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane ((-)PPAP) is a drug with an unusual effects profile. ... Phendimetrazine (Bontril®) is a weight loss medication. ... Phenmetrazine is an amphetamine-like drug. ... Phenylephrine or Neo-Synephrine is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil and to increase blood pressure. ... Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a drug of the phenethylamine family used as a decongestant and also as an appetite suppressant. ... Prolintane is a central nervous system simulant. ... N-propylamphetamine is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine which was invented in the 1970s. ... Pseudoephedrine (commonly abbreviated as PSE) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a decongestant. ... Selegiline (l-deprenyl, Eldepryl® or Anipryl® [veterinary]) is a drug used for the treatment of early-stage Parkinsons disease and senile dementia. ... Synephrine Synephrine is a dietary supplement aimed at encouraging fat loss. ... 3,4-dimethylamphetamine (Xylopropamine, α,3,4-trimethylphenethylamine) is a stimulant drug derived from amphetamine which was invented in the 1950s. ...

Piperazines

BZP • MeOPP • MBZP • mCPP • 2C-B-BZP Basic piperazine structure Piperazine is a six-sided organic ring compound containing two opposing nitrogen atoms (see image). ... Benzylpiperazine (street names include A2, frenzy and nemesis [1] However, there are some references to BZP in the literature that predate interest in piperazines as anthelmintics. ... 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine (Paraperazine, MeOPP, 4-MeOPP) is a piperazine derivative with stimulant effects which has been sold as an ingredient in Party pills, initially in New Zealand and subsequently in other countries around the world. ... MBZP (1-methyl-4-benzylpiperazine) is a stimulant drug which is a derivative of benzylpiperazine. ... Tablets containing mCPP confiscated by the DEA in Vernon Hills, Illinois 1-(3-Chlorophenyl)piperazine (or meta-chlorophenylpiperazine, mCPP) is a piperazine-based 5-HT receptor agonist that has been used as a challenge drug in MDMA research. ... 2C-B-BZP is a research chemical and stimulant of the piperazine family. ...

Xanthines Caffeine • Aminophylline • Paraxanthine • Theobromine • Theophylline
Tropanes

Brasofensine • CFT • β-CIT • Cocaethylene • Cocaine • Dimethocaine • PIT • PTT • RTI-121 • Tesofensine • Troparil • WF-23 • WF-33 Xanthine (IPA: ), (3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione), is a purine base found in most body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. ... Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ... Aminophylline is a drug combination that contains theophylline and ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. ... Paraxanthine, or 1,7-dimethylxanthine, is a dimethylxanthine compound structurally related to caffeine. ... Theobromine, also known as xantheose,[1] is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant. ... Theophylline is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD or asthma under a variety of brand names. ... Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound with chemical formula C8H15N. It is mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine. ... Brasofensine is a serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. ... (-)-2-β-Carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (β-CFT, WIN 35,428) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research. ... Cocaethylene is the chemical that is formed when cocaine and alcohol mix inside the body. ... Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... (-)-2β-Carboisopropoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane (RTI-121, IPCIT) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research, which was developed in the early 1990s. ... Tesofensine is a serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which also seems to increase the action of acetylcholine in the brain, probably due to downstream effects. ... (-)-2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-phenyltropane (Troparil, β-CPT, WIN-35065-2) is a stimulant drug used in scientific research. ...

Cholinergics Arecoline • Cotinine • Nicotine
Convulsants Bicuculline • Gabazine • Pentetrazol • Picrotoxin • Strychnine • Thujone
Phenylaminooxazoles

4-Methyl-aminorex • Aminorex • Clominorex • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ... Arecoline is an alkaloid-type natural product found in betel nuts from the betel palm (Areca catechu). ... Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... This article is about the medical condition. ... Bicuculline (BIC) is an antagonist of GABA receptors. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Metrazol is the commercial trademark of pentetrazol, pentamethylenetetrazol, or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a drug used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant (another commercial name is Cardiazol). ... Picrotoxin is an antagonist of GABA receptors. ... Strychnine (pronounced (British, U.S.), or (U.S.)) is a very toxic (LD50 = 10 mg approx. ... Thujone is a ketone and a monoterpene that exists in two stereoisomeric forms: (+)-3-thujone or α-thujone and (-)-3-thujone or β-thujone. ... 4-Methyl-aminorex is a stimulant drug of the 2-Amino-5-Aryloxazoline class. ... Aminorex is an anorectic stimulant drug of the 2-Amino-5-Aryloxazoline class. ... Clominorex is a centrally acting sympathomimetic which is related to other drugs such as aminorex and pemoline. ... Fenozolone is a centrally acting sympathomimetic. ... Fluminorex is a centrally acting sympathomimetic which is related to other drugs such as aminorex and pemoline. ... Pemoline is a medication for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ... Thozalinone is a centrally acting sympathomimetic which is related to other drugs such as pemoline and 4-methylaminorex. ...

Others

Amineptine • Bemegride • BPAP • Benzydamine • Clenbuterol • Clofenciclan • Cyclopentamine • Cyprodenate • Desoxypipradrol • Diphenyl prolinol • Ethylphenidate • Ethamivan • Gilutensin • GYKI-52895 • Hexacyclonate • Indanorex • Indatraline • Isometheptene • Mazindol • MDPV • Mesocarb • Methylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate) • Naphthylisopropylamine • Nikethamide • Nocaine • Nomifensine • Phacetoperane • Phthalimidopropiophenone • Pipradrol • Prolintane • Propylhexedrine • Pyrovalerone • Sibutramine • Tuamine • Vanoxerine • Yohimbine • Zylofuramine Amineptine is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant that selectively inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and to a lesser extent norepinephrine, thus exerting a powerful and fast-acting antidepressant effect. ... Bemegride is a CNS stimulant and antidote for barbiturate poisoning. ... (-)-1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane ((-)BPAP) is a drug with an unusual effects profile. ... Benzydamine, available as the hydrochloride, is a locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties providing both rapid and extended pain relief as well as a significant anti-inflammatory treatment for the painful inflammatory conditions of the mouth and throat. ... Clenbuterol is a drug prescribed to sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator. ... Clofenciclan (Chlorphencyclan, Tonquil) is a stimulant drug. ... Cyclopentamine is a stimulant drug structurally related to methamphetamine, wherein the aromatic phenyl ring is replaced with a cyclopentane ring. ... Cyprodenate (Actebral) is a stimulant drug. ... Desoxypipradrol, also known as 2-(diphenylmethyl)piperidine or 2-DPMP, is a long-acting stimulant drug. ... Diphenyl prolinol, or (R,S)(+,-)-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-methanol, is a mild dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. ... Ethylphenidate is a stimulant drug. ... Ethamivan (Analepticon) is a respiratory stimulant drug[1] related to nikethamide. ... Gilutensin (Etifelmine) is a stimulant drug. ... GYKI-52895 is a drug which is a 2,3-benzodiazepine derivative. ... Hexacyclonate (Gevilon) is a stimulant drug. ... Indanorex (Dietor) is a stimulant drug which was developed in the 1970s. ... Illicit cocaine use is a major medical, public health problem, and economic problem, with approximately 2 million chronic users in the US alone. ... Isometheptene (usually as isometheptene mucate) is a sympathomimetic amine sometimes used in the treatment of migraines due to its vasoconstricting properties, that is, it causes constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels (arteries and veins). ... Mazindol is a central nervous system simulant. ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... Mesocarb (Sidnocarb, Sydnocarb) is a stimulant drug which was developed in the USSR in the 1970s. ... Vitamin R redirects here. ... Dexmethylphenidate (commercially known as Focalin) is a pharmaceutical drug used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ... Naphthylisopropylamine (PAL-287) is a stimulant drug developed for the treatment of amphetamine and cocaine addiction. ... Nikethamide is a stimulant which mainly affects the respiratory cycle. ... The Nocaine family includes a diverse assortment of piperidine based cocaine mimics. ... Nomifensine is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor that increases the amount of synaptic dopamine available to receptors by blocking dopamines re-uptake transporter. ... Phacetoperane (Levofacetoperane) is a stimulant drug. ... Pipradrol (Meretran) is a mild CNS stimulant which is no longer widely used in most countries due to concerns about its abuse potential, although this is less of a problem than with other stimulants that still are in current use such as methylphenidate. ... Prolintane is a central nervous system simulant. ... Propylhexedrine, also known as hexahydrodesoxyephedrine or dimethylcyclohexaneethanamine, is a sympathomimetic with varied medicinal uses, is an adrenergic compound used mainly to provide temporary symptomatic relief of nasal congestion due to colds, allergies and allergic rhinitis. ... Pyrovalerone (Centroton, Thymergix) is a stimulant drug developed in the late 1960s and used in France and some other European countries. ... Sibutramine (Meridia® in the USA, Reductil® in Europe), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. ... Tuaminoheptane (or tuamine) is a nasal preparation. ... Vanoxerine, also known as GBR-12909, is a piperazine derivative which is a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. ... Yohimbine, also known under the outdated names quebrachin, aphrodin, corynine, yohimvetol and hydroergotocin, is the principal alkaloid of the bark of the West-African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe Pierre (formerly Corynanthe yohimbe), family Rubiaceae (Madder family). ... Zylofuramine is a stimulant drug. ...

See also Sympathomimetic amines
v • d • e
Antiobesity preparations (A08)
Centrally acting Phentermine - Fenfluramine - Amfepramone - Dexfenfluramine - Mazindol - Cathine - Clobenzorex - Sibutramine - Rimonabant
Peripherally acting Orlistat
A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A08A Antiobesity preparations, excluding diet products A08AA Centrally acting antiobesity products A08AA01 Phentermine A08AA02 Fenfluramine A08AA03 Amfepramone A08AA04 Dexfenfluramine A08AA05 Mazindol A08AA06 Etilamfetamine A08AA07 Cathine A08AA08 Clobenzorex A08AA09 Mefenorex A08AA10 Sibutramine A08AA56 Ephedrine, combinations A08AB Peripherally... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication (the other drug being phentermine). ... Diethylcathinone, more commonly called Diethylpropion in the medical field (Tenuate®) is a sympathomimetic stimulant drug marketed as an appetite suppressant. ... Dexfenfluramine, also marketed under the name Redux, is a appetite-suppresant drug. ... Mazindol is a central nervous system simulant. ... Cathine (β-hydroxyamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (khat). ... Clobenzorex (also known under the brand names Asenlix, Finedal, or Rexigen; or the US slang greenies) is a stimulant drug used as an anorectic (that is, a medication that suppresses appetite). ... Sibutramine (Meridia® in the USA, Reductil® in Europe), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. ... Rimonabant (SR141716) is an anorectic anti-obesity drug. ... Orlistat (marketed under the trade name Xenical by Roche; or over-the-counter as Alli[1] by GlaxoSmithKline, pronounced , like the English word ally)—also known as tetrahydrolipstatin—is a drug designed to treat obesity. ...

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