USS Eldridge (DE-173) ca. 1944

Philadelphia Project was an alleged naval military experiment at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, sometime around October 28, 1943, in which the U.S. destroyer escort USS Eldridge was to be rendered invisible to human observers for a brief period of time. It is also referred to as Project Rainbow. The story is widely regarded as a hoax.^[1][2][3] The U.S. Navy maintains that no such experiment occurred, and furthermore, details of the story contradict facts about the Eldridge.^[4] It has nonetheless caused ripples in conspiracy theory circles, and elements of the Philadelphia Experiment are featured in other government conspiracy theories. The Philadelphia Experiment is an urban legend about a supposed US Naval experiment in 1943. ... Image File history File links De173Eldridge. ... Image File history File links De173Eldridge. ... USS Eldridge (DE-173), a Cannon-class destroyer escort, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John Eldridge, Jr. ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, formerly Navy Yard, was the first naval shipyard of the United States. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Destroyer Escort (DE) is classification for a small, comparatively slower warship designed to be used to escort convoys of merchant marine ships, primarily of the United States Navy in World War II. It is usually employed primarily for anti-submarine warfare, but also some protection against aircraft and smaller... USS Eldridge (DE-173), a Cannon-class destroyer escort, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John Eldridge, Jr. ... An example of how an object could appear to be invisible through the use of mirrors Invisibility is the state of an object which cannot be seen. ... See also: The Philadelphia Experiment (movie) The Philadelphia Experiment is a supposed secret experiment conducted by the U.S. Navy at the Philadelphia Naval Yards at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on or before October 28, 1943, which went horribly awry. ... For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation). ...

Synopsis of the experiment

Several different, at times conflicting, versions of the purported experiment have circulated over the years. The following synopsis serves to illustrate key story points common to the majority of accounts.^[2]

According to some accounts, the experiment was conducted by a Dr. Franklin Reno (or Rinehart) as a military application of a Unified Field Theory, a term coined by Einstein. The Unified Field Theory postulates the interrelated nature of the forces that comprise electromagnetic radiation and gravity, although to date no single theory has emerged with a viable mathematical specialized equipment and sufficient energy, to bend light around an object in such a way as to render it essentially invisible to observers. The Navy, which was engaged in World War II at the time, considered this application of the theory to be of obvious military value and approved and sponsored the experiment. A destroyer escort, the USS Eldridge, was allegedly fitted with the required equipment at the naval yards in Philadelphia. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... “Einstein” redirects here. ... This box:      Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is a self-propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. ... Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... USS Eldridge (DE-173), a Cannon-class destroyer escort, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for John Eldridge, Jr. ...

The equipment was further alleged not to have properly been re-calibrated to this end, but in spite of this, the experiment was performed again on October 28. This time, Eldridge is alleged to have not only become almost entirely invisible to the naked eye, but actually vanished from the area in a flash of blue light. However, the U.S. naval base at Norfolk, Virginia, just over 215 miles (346 km) away, is alleged to have reported sighting the Eldridge offshore, whereupon the Eldridge vanished from their sight and reappeared in Philadelphia at the site it had originally occupied, in an apparent case of accidental teleportation. is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Crescas (Latin for, Thou shalt grow. ... Teleport redirects here. ...

The alleged physiological effects of the experiment on the crew were profound: almost all of the crew were violently ill. Some were alleged to have suffered from mental illness as a result of their experience; behavior consistent with schizophrenia is described in other accounts. Still other members, like Jacob D. Murray, were physically unaccounted for — supposedly “vanished” — and five of the crew were allegedly fused to the metal bulkhead or deck of the ship. Still others were said to fade in and out of sight. Sometimes they would disappear, then crewmates would stick their hands into the spot they had disappeared and try to grab the crewmate, but, if they did not, that spot would burst into flames. Horrified by these results, Navy officials immediately canceled the experiment. All of the surviving crew involved were discharged; in some accounts, brainwashing techniques were employed in an attempt to make the remaining crew members lose their memories concerning the details of their experience. A mental illness or mental disorder refers to one of many mental health conditions characterized by distress, impaired cognitive functioning, atypical behavior, emotional dysregulation, and/or maladaptive behavior. ... Brainwashing (also known as thought reform or as re-education) consists of any effort aimed at instilling certain attitudes and beliefs in a person — sometimes unwelcome beliefs in conflict with the persons prior beliefs and knowledge. ...

Origins of the story

Morris Jessup and Carlos Miguel Allende

In 1955, Morris K. Jessup, an amateur astronomer and former graduate-level researcher, published The Case for the UFO, a book about unidentified flying objects which contained some theorizing about the means of propulsion that flying-saucer-style UFOs might use. Jessup speculated that anti-gravity and/or manipulation of electromagnetism may have been responsible for the observed flight behavior of UFOs. He lamented, both in the book and the publicity tour which followed, that space flight research was concentrated in the area of rocketry, and that little attention was paid to these other theoretical means of flight, which he felt would ultimately be more fruitful. Morris K. Jessup (1900 - 1959) was an American astronomerand writer; he is probably best remembered from his ufological writings. ... UFO redirects here. ... Anti-gravity is the hypothetical idea, often considered pseudoscientific, of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ... A remote camera captures a close-up view of a Space Shuttle Main Engine during a test firing at the John C. Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites. ... A rocket is a vehicle, missile or aircraft which obtains thrust by the reaction to the ejection of fast moving exhaust from within a rocket engine. ...

On January 13, 1955, Jessup received a letter from a man who identified himself as Carlos Allende. In the letter, Allende informed Jessup of the Philadelphia Experiment, alluding to two poorly sourced contemporary newspaper articles as proof. Allende also said that he had witnessed the Eldridge disappear and reappear while serving aboard the SS Andrew Furuseth, a nearby merchant ship. Allende further named other crew members with whom he served aboard the Andrew Furuseth, and claimed to know of the fate of some of the crew members of the Eldridge after the experiment, including one whom he witnessed disappear during a chaotic fight in a bar. Jessup replied to Allende by postcard, asking for further evidence and corroboration for the story. is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Merchant Navy. ...

The reply came months later; however, this time the correspondent identified himself as Carl M. Allen. Allen said that he could not provide the details for which Jessup was asking, but implied that he might be able to recall by means of hypnosis. Suspecting that Allende/Allen was a fraud, Jessup decided to discontinue the correspondence. For the novel by Lucas Hyde, see Hypnosis (novel). ...

The Office of Naval Research and the Varo annotation

In the spring of 1957, Jessup was contacted by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in Washington, D.C. and asked to study the contents of a parcel that they had received.^{[citation needed]} Upon arrival, a curious Jessup was astonished to find that a paperback copy of his UFO book had been mailed to ONR in a manila envelope marked "Happy Easter". Further, the book had been extensively annotated by hand in its margins, and an ONR officer asked Jessup if he had any idea as to who had done so. ONR Logo The Office of Naval Research (ONR), headquartered in Arlington, Virginia (Ballston), is an office of the U.S. Navy that carries out scientific research to support the Navy and Marine Corps in the interest of national security. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ...

The lengthy annotations were written in three different colors of ink, and appeared to detail a correspondence among three individuals, only one of which is given a name: "Jemi". The ONR labeled the other two "Mr A" and "Mr B". The annotators refer to each other as "Gypsies", and discuss two different types of "people" living in outer space. Their text contained nonstandard use of capitalization and punctuation, and detailed a lengthy discussion of the merits of various suppositions that Jessup makes throughout his book, with oblique references to the Philadelphia Experiment, in a way that suggested prior or superior knowledge (for example, “Mr B” reassures his fellow annotators, who have highlighted a certain theory of Jessup’s). Languages Romani, languages of native region Religions Christianity, Islam Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) The Roma (singular Rom; sometimes Rroma, Rrom) or Romanies are an ethnic group living in many communities all over the world. ...

Based on the handwriting style and subject matter, Jessup identified "Mr A" as Allende/Allen. Others have suggested that the three annotations are actually from the same person, using three pens.^{[citation needed]}

A 2003 transcription of the annotated "Varo edition" is available online, complete with three-color notes.^[5]

Later, the ONR contacted Jessup, claiming that the return address on Allende’s letter to Jessup was an abandoned farmhouse. They also informed Jessup that the Varo Corporation, a research firm, was preparing a print copy of the annotated version of The Case for the UFO, complete with both letters he had received. About a hundred copies of the Varo Edition were printed and distributed within the Navy. Jessup was also sent three for his own use.

Jessup attempted to make a living writing on the topic, but his follow-up book did not sell well and his publisher rejected several other manuscripts. In 1958 his wife left him, and friends described him as being depressed and somewhat unstable when he travelled to New York. After returning to Florida he was involved in a serious car accident and was slow to recover, apparently increasing his despondency. Morris Jessup committed suicide in 1959. Many conspiracy theorists believe that he was murdered by the government because of his knowledge of the Philadelphia Experiment.^{[citation needed]}

Public dissemination

Resurfacing via literature

In 1965, Vincent Gaddis published Invisible Horizons: True Mysteries of the Sea, in which the story of the experiment from the Varo annotation is recounted. Later, in 1977, Charles Berlitz, an author of several books on paranormal phenomena, included a chapter on the experiment in his book Without a Trace: New Information from the Triangle. And Brad Steiger devoted part of his book Mysteries of Time and Space to this topic in 1977. Vincent Gaddis (????-????) is an American author who in an February 1964 Argosy cover piece entitled The Deadly Bermuda Triangle, coined the phrase Bermuda Triangle He resides near Garberville, California. ... Charles Frambach Berlitz (November 20, 1914 – December 18, 2003) was a linguist and language teacher[1] known for his books on anomalous phenomena, as well as his language-learning courses. ... Anomalous phenomena are phenomena which are observed and for which there are no suitable explanations in the context of a specific body of scientific knowledge, e. ...

In 1978, a novel, Thin Air by George E. Simpson and Neal R. Burger was released. This was a dramatic fictional account, clearly inspired by the foregoing works, of a conspiracy to cover up a horrific experiment gone wrong on board the Eldridge in 1943. In 1979, Berlitz and a co-author, William L. Moore, published The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility, the best known and most cited source of information about the experiment to date.

In 2000, a novel,"The Ship Of The Damned" by James F. David was released used The Philadelphia Experiment in his Psychological Thriller to exploit the minds of the readers.

Hollywood interpretation and the Bielek testimony

In 1984, the story was eventually adapted into a motion picture, The Philadelphia Experiment directed by Stewart Rafill. Though based only loosely on prior accounts of the experiment, it served to bring the core elements of the original story into mainstream scrutiny. The Philadelphia Experiment is a 1984 science fiction film. ...

In 1990, Alfred Bielek, a self-proclaimed former crew-member of the Eldridge and alleged witness of the experiment, supported the version as it was portrayed in the movie, adding embellishments which were disseminated via the internet, eventually to surface in various mainstream outlets. In 2003, Bielek's version of his participation in the Philadelphia Experiment was debunked by a small team of investigators including American Marshall Barnes, Canadian Fred Houpt and German Gerold Schelm, and the general consensus now is that he was nowhere near the ship at the proposed time of the experiment.^[6]

Discussion

Detractors, skeptics, and other researchers have noted several serious issues and problems with the story of the Philadelphia Experiment.

Evidence and research

Many observers argue it inappropriate to put much credence in an unusual story put forward by one individual, in the absence of more conclusive corroborating evidence. An article written by Robert Goerman for Fate in 1980, determined that “Carlos Allende”/“Carl Allen” was in fact Carl Meredith Allen of New Kensington, Pennsylvania, who had an established psychiatric history and may have fabricated the primary history of the experiment as a result of his illness. This section does not cite its references or sources. ... New Kensington is a city located in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km) northeast of Pittsburgh, on the Allegheny river. ...

Historian Mike Dash^[2] notes that many of the those who publicized the story after Jessup seemed to have conducted little or no research: through the late '70s, for example, Allende/Allen was often described as mysterious and difficult to locate, but after only a few telephone calls, Goerman was able to determine Allende/Allen's identity. Others speculate that much of the key literature has more emphasis on dramatic embellishment rather than pertinent research. Though Berlitz and Moore's famous account of the story (The Philadelphia Experiment: Project Invisibility) contained much supposedly factual information, such as transcripts of an interview with a scientist involved in the experiment, it has also been criticised for plagiarising key story elements from the fictitious novel Thin Air published a year earlier, which, it is argued, undermines the credibility of the text as a whole. Mike Dash (b. ... For other uses, see Plagiarism (disambiguation). ...

Scientific aspects

No fully developed Unified Field Theory currently exists. Shortly before his death in 1943, Nikola Tesla claimed to have completed a Unified Field Theory; however, it was never published.^[7] A relative of Nikola Tesla propose that much of Tesla's research papers were seized by the FBI promptly following his death, and highlight the apparent coincidence between the year of his death and the supposed date of the Philadelphia Experiment. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

While very limited "invisibility cloaks" have recently been developed,^[8] these are unrelated to theories linking electromagnetism with gravity. Regardless, this technology is not yet at a level that could be used to render a small object invisible, much less an object the size of a destroyer escort.

Timeline inconsistencies

USS Eldridge was not commissioned until August 27, 1943, and remained in port in New York City until September 1943. The October experiment allegedly took place while the ship was on its first shakedown cruise in the Bahamas. is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... [--168. ...

A reunion of veterans who served aboard the Eldridge told a Philadelphia newspaper in April 1999 that the ship had never made port in Philadelphia.^[9] Further evidence against the Philadelphia experiment timeline comes from Eldridge’s complete World War II action report, including the remarks section of the 1943 deck log, available on microfilm.^[4]

Alternative explanations

Researcher Jacques Vallee^[10][11] describes a procedure on board USS Engstrom (DE-50), which was docked alongside Eldridge in 1943. The operation involved the generation of a powerful electromagnetic field on board the ship in order to degauss it, with the goal of rendering the ship undetectable — "invisible" — to magnetically-triggered torpedoes and mines. This system was invented by a Canadian, and the British used it widely during the Second World War. British ships of the era often included such systems built-in on the upper decks (the conduits are still visible on the deck of the HMS Belfast (C35) in London). Degaussing is still used today; however, it has no effect on visible light or radar. Vallee speculates that accounts of the Engstrom’s degaussing may have been garbled in subsequent retellings, and these accounts may have influenced the story of the Philadelphia Experiment. Dr. Allen Hynek (back), and Dr. Jacques Vallee (far right, front) at U.N. General Assembly, 1978. ... USS Engstrom (DE-50) was an Evarts class destroyer escort constructed for the U.S. Navy during World War II. She was sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft. ... “Degausser” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Magnet (disambiguation). ... The torpedo, historically called a locomotive torpedo, is a self-propelled explosive projectile weapon, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater toward a target, and designed to detonate on contact or in proximity to a target. ... Polish wz. ... HMS Belfast, the Royal Navys heaviest ever cruiser, was one of the two ships forming the final sub-class of British Town-class cruisers, the other being HMS Edinburgh. ...

A veteran who served on board the Engstrom noted that the Eldridge could indeed have traveled from Philadelphia to Norfolk and back again in a single day at a time when merchant ships could not have — by use of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, which at the time was open only to naval vessels.^{[citation needed]} Use of this channel was kept quiet: German submarines had recently been ravaging East Coast shipping during Operation Drumbeat, and thus military ships unable to protect themselves were secretly moved via canals to avoid this threat.^{[citation needed]} It should be noted that this same veteran claims to be the man whom Allende witnessed “disappear” at a bar. He claims that when the fight broke out, friendly barmaids whisked him out the back door of the bar before the police arrived, because he was under age. They then covered for him by claiming that he disappeared.^{[citation needed]} C&D Canal from Chesapeake City, Maryland. ... The second happy time was a phase in the Second Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked merchant shipping to the east and south-east of the United States. ...

In a more speculative and strongly paranormal vein, Al Bielek and Duncan Cameron both claim to have leapt from the deck of the Eldridge while it was in “hyperspace” between Philadelphia and Norfolk, and ended up, after a period of severe disorientation, at the Air Force station Montauk Point, Long Island in 1983, having experienced not only teleportation but time travel. They claim John von Neumann met them there (although officially he died in 1957).^{[citation needed]} This story is part of a continuum involving another alleged secret US Government experiment into the paranormal known as the Montauk Project. Paranormal is an umbrella term used to describe a wide variety of reported anomalous phenomena. ... Montauk is a hamlet (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York on the South Shore of Long Island. ... This article is about the island in New York State. ... Time travel is a concept that has long fascinated humanity—whether it is Merlin experiencing time backwards, or religious traditions like Mohammeds trip to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, returning before a glass knocked over had spilt its contents. ... For other persons named John Neumann, see John Neumann (disambiguation). ... This article is about the military experiments. ...

Cultural references

The Philadelphia Experiment, its results, and the potential of the technology involved have been the subject of many books, films, soundtracks, and video games.

Audio/visual media

In the film Outpost (2007) a German equivalent of Einstein's research related to the Philadelphia Experiment is sought out and uncovered.

An early film to dramatize the experiment is The Bermuda Triangle (1979). One portion of the film shows a Navy ship rigged with power cables to create the disappearing field. The ship is made to appear to vanish into the sea, and the sailors experience the effects attributed to the experiment, i.e., vomiting, and disappearing and reappearing.

Two full-length films have been released on the subject: The Philadelphia Experiment (1984) and Philadelphia Experiment II (1993). They are best described as fantasy. The Philadelphia Experiment is a 1984 science fiction film. ... For other uses, see Fantasy (disambiguation). ...

The experiment has been the subject of several television shows dealing with the paranormal and conspiracy theories, including The Unexplained, a series produced by Bill Kurtis on the Arts and Entertainment Network (A&E). One episode of The History Channel's History's Mysteries discusses the theory. A similar story also ran on the show Unsolved Mysteries on Lifetime. It is also a frequent topic on the late night radio show Coast to Coast AM with Art Bell and George Noory. Bill Kurtis (born September 21, 1940) is a television journalist and producer best known as the host of numerous A&E crime and news documentary shows, including Investigative Reports, American Justice, and Cold Case Files. ... Biography is one of A&Es longest-running and most popular programs. ... For the Canadian equivalent of this channel, see History Television. ... Historys Mysteries is an American documentary television series on the History Channel, hosted by Arthur Kent, and narrated by David Ackroyd. ... Unsolved Mysteries is an American television program that was hosted and narrated by Robert Stack. ... Lifetime Television is an American television network devoted to movies, sitcoms and dramas, all of which are either geared toward women or feature women in lead roles. ... Coast to Coast AM is a late-night syndicated radio talk show in the United States which deals with a variety of topics, but most frequently ones that relate either to the paranormal, or to alleged conspiracies. ... Arthur Art W. Bell, III (born June 17, 1945) is an American broadcaster and author, known primarily as the founder and longtime host of the paranormal-themed radio program Coast to Coast AM. He also created and formerly hosted its companion show, Dreamland. ... George Ralph Noory (born June 4, 1950) is an American radio broadcaster. ...

In The Final Countdown, a US Navy ship is featured traveling in time (but backwards). For other meanings, see The Final Countdown (disambiguation). ...

In the “Død Kalm” (2X19) episode of The X-Files, Mulder and Scully are tipped off to a U.S. Navy ship that had caused its crew to rapidly age; Mulder at first believed the aging had to do with the failed Philadelphia Experiment. Død Kalm was the nineteenth episode of the second season of The X-Files science-fiction television series created by Chris Carter. ... The X-Files is an American Peabody and Emmy Award-winning science fiction television series created by Chris Carter, which first aired on September 10, 1993, and ended on May 19, 2002. ... Special Agent Fox William Mulder (born October 13, 1961), nicknamed Spooky Mulder, is a fictional character played by David Duchovny on the 1993-2002 television series, The X-Files. ... Special Agent Dr. Dana Katherine Scully (born February 23, 1964) is a fictional character on the FOX television series The X-Files (1993-2002), played by Gillian Anderson. ...

"The Pegasus", an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation had a plot similar to the Philadelphia Experiment. Tests of an experimental type of cloaking device result in the deaths of most of the crew of the ship; in particular, some deceased crew members are found "fused" to parts of the ship, similar to deaths attributed to the Philadelphia Experiment. The Pegasus is a seventh season episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. ... The title as it appeared in most episodes opening credits. ... A Klingon Bird of Prey from Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country fires while using a cloaking device In several science fiction universes, a cloaking device is an advanced stealth system which causes a spaceship or individual to be invisible and extremely difficult to detect with normal sensors. ...

The 1997 science-fiction movie Event Horizon details a salvage mission of the titular spaceship, a prototype equipped with a gravity-powered "gravity drive" intended to teleport the ship and crew instantly across several light years. While in the movie the vessel was teleported successfully, the side effects of the process depicted are similarly horrific as those attributed to the Philadelphia Experiment. For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Event Horizon is a 1997 science fiction horror film that was directed by Paul W. S. Anderson and written by Philip Eisner (with an uncredited rewrite by Andrew Kevin Walker). ...

On the Sci Fi Channel, the TV miniseries The Triangle, the Philadelphia Project was thought to be the cause of the disruptions in the Bermuda Triangle, when it was in fact the attempt to fix it in the 21st century (time space distortion, etc). SCI FI (originally The Sci-Fi Channel, sometimes rendered SCI FI Channel when part of a longer phrase) is an American cable television channel, launched on September 24, 1992, specializing in science fiction, fantasy, horror, and paranormal programming. ... The Triangle is a science fiction miniseries concerning the Bermuda Triangle, which first aired on the Sci-Fi Channel from December 5 to December 7, 2005. ... NASA image of the western Atlantic, showing the popular borders of the Bermuda Triangle. ...

Many fans of the ABC TV show Lost, with the season two finale, believe that characters on the shows are either intentionally or unintentionally repeating this experiment^{[citation needed]}. This article is about the American broadcast network. ... LOST redirects here. ...

In the 1979 Disney movie The Black Hole a demented spaceship captain intends to travel through space and time by entering a black hole, employing Einsteinian theory. The captain's name is Reinhart (see above), prompting speculation that the movie was inspired at least in part by the Philadelphia Experiment or the idea of it. Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The Black Hole is a 1979 science fiction movie directed for Walt Disney Productions by Gary Nelson. ...

The Philadelphia Experiment is a jazz/funk album featuring Christian McBride, Ahmir Thompson, and Uri Caine. All three are from the Philadelphia area. Christian McBride (born May 31, 1972, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a jazz bassist. ... ?uestlove (pronounced Questlove) is the stage name of Ahmir Khalib Thompson, born 1971 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, an African-American musician, DJ, and record producer, best known as the drummer for hip-hop band The Roots. ... Uri Caine (born June 8, 1956 in Philadelphia) is an American classical and jazz pianist and composer. ...

On the album Darker Than Black by the American heavy metal band Cage there is a song called "Philedelphia Experiment". Cage is an American heavy metal band from San Diego, California. ...

The hip-hop sci-fi EP "Projecto: 2501" by Tajai and SupremeEx ends with a lengthy audio clip of a journalist speaking about the Philadelphia Experiment. Tajai Massey, known by the stage name, Tajai (born: April 21, 1975), is an American rapper and producer. ... SupremeEx is the concept album musical alias of Yameen Friedberg, aka StinkE; a hiphop producer from Philadelphia, PA. The name SupremeEx is generally reserved for collaborative albums between Yameen and Tajai of Souls of Mischief / Hieroglyphics. ...

Video games

The Command & Conquer: Red Alert games involves a means of time travel/teleportation which was developed by Einstein as an evolution of the Philadelphia Experiment. He used it to eliminate Hitler before the rise of Nazi Germany, but in doing so inadvertently caused an alternate Second World War to take place between the Soviet Union and the Allied powers (now including Germany). The experiment led to two devices, based on its two variations. The Chronosphere, a potent but dangerous teleportation device—for it teleports only mechanized units while killing any biological matter—and secondly the Gap Generator, a building- and vehicle-mounted device that blocks radar and sight in a certain radius around the Gap unit. The game has a cutscene that briefly shows an Iowa-class battleship disappearing and mentions the “horrible aftermath” the sailors experienced. The Chronosphere also has a side effect, essentially a "return shift", when the teleported object phase itself back to the initial position after a short time. Repeated use of the Chronosphere risks the occurrence of a "chronal vortex", which is an extremely destructive phenomenon, though only for a short time. Namcos Pac-Man is one of the most popular video games ever made. ... Time travel is a concept that has long fascinated humanity—whether it is Merlin experiencing time backwards, or religious traditions like Mohammeds trip to Jerusalem and ascent to heaven, returning before a glass knocked over had spilt its contents. ... Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945, standard German pronunciation in the IPA) was the Führer (leader) of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. ... Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal         Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A cut scene or cutscene (sometimes also referred to as a cinematic) is a sequence in a video game over which the player has no control. ... The Iowa-class battleships were six battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940 for use as escorts for the Fast Carrier Task Forces operating in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. Four were completed in the early to mid-1940s; two more were laid down...

In Red Alert 2, Einstein has perfected the Chronosphere's technology to the point where certain infantry units and the Allied Chrono Miner can teleport across the map; additionally, this second generation Chronosphere allowed for the teleportation of up to 9 mechanized units at once. At the end of the game Einstein discovers that the Chronosphere's potential can be increased by building it inside the magnetosphere's "hot spot". The result of this is that USA can use the Chronosphere on Florida Keys to initiate Operation: Chrono Storm, an all-out assault against Moscow through time-space. The expansion pack, Yuri's Revenge explains that after the war, Einstein had further upgraded the technology, resulting in the creation of the Temporal Displacement Device, which has abandoned movement through space in favor of movement through time. The only prototype is used by the Time Commando to travel back in time to the war's outbreak and erase Yuri's Psychic Dominators from existence before he has a chance to mind control the whole world. Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 is the follow up to Command & Conquer: Red Alert, another real-time strategy computer game in the Command & Conquer series by Westwood Studios. ...

In Tiberian Sun, the command vehicle of General Anton Slavik is called the Montauk, and the GDI's space HQ is called The Philadelphia. The UNGDI, or fully the United Nations Global Defense Initiative, is a fictional militarized branch of the United Nations which is featured prominently in the Tiberian series of Westwood Studios Command & Conquer real-time strategy video games. ...

In the 1998 PlayStation RPG Xenogears, the starship in the opening cinematic is named the Eldridge. The Sony PlayStation ) is a video game console of the 32/64-bit era, first produced by Sony Computer Entertainment in the mid-1990s. ... Xenogears ) is a console role-playing game developed and published by Square Co. ...

In the game Half-Life, the fictional Black Mesa Research Facility have designed teleportation through dimensions. When one of the materials from Xen was inserted into an overcharged anti-mass spectrometer by Gordon Freeman, a high energy detonation has ripped the barriers between Xen and Earth apart. The government had tried to cover up the incident, but the dispatched members of HECU (Hazardous Environmental Combat Unit) had failed containing the alien incursion. Freeman eventually managed to break through HECU forces and get to the Lambda Complex, where the teleportation experiments have been conducted. He was teleported to Xen and closed the seams by killing the one who kept them open. The facility was eventually destroyed by a nuclear warhead. In the second installment of the series, teleportation is successfully achieved, because Barney Calhoun has set up a relay device in Xen during the Incident. Xen is then used "as an unexpressed axis, effectively a dimensional slingshot, so we can swing around the border world (Xen) andcome back to local space without having to pass through." When Freeman used a Combine portal to escape from Nova Prospekt, the teleport exploded just as he was 'porting out, resulting in he and Alyx Vance was become stuck in inter-dimensional space for a week (though they saw it as instantaneous), similar to the Philadelphia Experiment. In the second episode a large ship named the Borealis - much like the Eldridge - which disappeared under mysterious circumstances (vanished into thin air with part of the drydock) is reportedly found somewhere in the Arctic, and is presumed by several characters to have been "teleported" by some unknown force across the globe. Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... Islands in Xen Xen (pronounced Zen) is the origin of the alien species that appear in the science fiction video game Half-Life (Valve Software, 1998); the expansion packs Half-Life: Opposing Force (Valve Software and Gearbox Software, 1999); Half-Life: Blue Shift (Valve/Gearbox, 2001); and Half-Life: Decay... Gordon Freeman, Ph. ... The Nihilanth. ... Half-Life 2 (commonly abbreviated to HL2) is a science fiction first-person shooter computer game that is the sequel to Half-Life. ... Barney Calhoun is a fictional character in the Half-Life series of first-person shooter computer games by Valve Software. ...

In the game Assassin's Creed, an email suggests that the Philadelphia Experiment was conducted by modern-day Knights Templar. This version contains a twist on the "accidental teleportation" theory in which the ship accidentally time travels for approximately 18 minutes. Altaïr Character Model. ... For other uses, see Knights Templar (disambiguation). ...

Literature

In "Green Fire" (1998), a collaborative novella by Eileen Gunn, Michael Swanwick, Pat Murphy, and Andy Duncan, the science fiction masters Robert A. Heinlein, Isaac Asimov, and L. Sprague De Camp, besides Grace Hopper, take part in the Philadelphia Experiment, with the assistance of Nicola Tesla and the Aztec deity Quetzalcoatl. Eileen Gunn, born June 23, 1945 in Dorchester, Massachusetts, is a science fiction author and editor based in Seattle who began publishing in 1978. ... At the 63rd World Science Fiction Convention in Glasgow, August 2005 Michael Swanwick (born November 18, 1950) is an American science fiction author. ... Pat Murphy (Patrice) is an award-winning American author of science fiction and fantasy novels. ... Andy Duncan (born September 21, 1964) is an award-winning American science fiction and fantasy writer whose work frequently deals with Southern themes. ... Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ... Isaac Asimov (January 2?, 1920?[1] – April 6, 1992), pronounced , originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as Айзек Азимов [1], was a Russian-born American author and professor of biochemistry, a highly successful writer, best known for his works of science fiction and for his popular science books. ... Lyon Sprague de Camp, (November 27, 1907 – November 6, 2000) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. ... Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy officer. ... Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 - January 7, 1943) was a physicist, inventor, and electrical engineer of unusual intellectual brilliance and practical achievement. ... Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political and military dominance over large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the Late post-Classic... This article is about the term Deity in the context of mysticism and theology. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...

See also

Philadelphia Portal

• Andrew Furuseth, namesake of the S.S. Andrew Furuseth
• Morris K. Jessup
• Camp Hero
• Ouroboros
• List of conspiracy theories
• John Hutchison

Image File history File links Portal. ... Andrew Furuseth (March 12, 1854 - January 22, 1938) of Romedal, Norway[1] was a merchant seaman and an American labor leader. ... Morris K. Jessup (1900 - 1959) was an American astronomerand writer; he is probably best remembered from his ufological writings. ... Camp Hero (AKA Fort Hero) was a military base at Montauk Point on the eastern tip of Long Island, New York. ... For other uses, see Ouroboros (disambiguation). ... This is a list of conspiracy theories; it contains alleged conspiracies that are not accepted by mainstream academics. ... John Hutchison is a Canadian autodidact known for his alleged discovery of a variety of purported natural (or paranormal) phenomena. ...

References

Robert Todd Carroll (1945-), Ph. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Skeptics Dictionary is a web site with a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, PhD. It primarily exposes claims that its editors consider pseudoscientific. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (common) era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Mike Dash (b. ... The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center. ... Cecil Adams is a name, generally assumed to be a pseudonym, which designates the unknown author or authors of The Straight Dope, a popular question and answer column published in The Chicago Reader since 1973. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Cecil Adams is the pen name of the author of The Straight Dope since 1973, a popular question and answer column published in The Chicago Reader, syndicated in thirty newspapers in the United States and Canada, and available online. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... USN redirects here. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (common) era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Philadelphia City Paper, a free weekly newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was established in 1981. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (common) era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• History of the Eldridge
• Science Article about High Tech Materials that can funnel light around an object
• British scientists make a "Cloaking Device" for radar using Metamaterials
• Link catalogue for the Philadelphia Experiment and the Montauk Project
• Site debunking the claims of one Alfred Bielek, allegedly an eyewitness and survivor of the Philadelphia Experiment
• Excerpts from The Case for the UFO
• Transcription of the Varo Edition of The Case for the UFO
• 2 chapters of Gone Dark by "W.B. Smyth", supposed "document" of the experiment. 50 Years after Albert Einstein: The Failure of the Unified Field
• Naval Historical Center's entry for the "Philadelphia Experiment"
• Navweaps.com entry for the "Philadelphia Experiment"
• Skeptic's Dictionary entry for the "Philadelphia Experiment"
• The Philadelphia Experiment at the Internet Movie Database
• The UFO and the Sailor
• Robert Goerman's Alias Carlos Allende: The Mystery Man Behind the Philadelphia Experiment
• Joe Turner's The Philadelphia Experiment: What They Don't Want You to Know
• Anatomy Of A Hoax: The Philadelphia Experiment 50 Years Later
• Straight Dope on the Philadelphia Experiment
• Recreation of the Philadelphia Experiment in 2006
• Dr. Ron Milione's overview of the 2006 Philadelphia Experiment replication.
• "Einstein's Antigravity": A documentary connecting the Philadelphia Experiment with Einstein's Unified Field Theory and the Nazi-Bell Device