Philip Astley (January 8, 1742–January 27, 1814) is regarded as the "father of modern circus." January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The following alphabetical lists includes men and women commonly known as the father or mother of something. ...

He was born in Newcastle-under-Lyme in England and his father was a cabinetmaker. At the age of nine, he apprenticed to work with his father, but Astley's dream was to work with horses, so he joined Colonel Eliott's Fifteenth Light Dragoon Regiment when he was 17, later becoming a Sergeant Major. He also served in the French and Indian War, and his army service brought him into contact with professional trainers and horse riders. Astley himself was a brilliant rider. Newcastle-under-Lyme, known simply as castle to many local people, is a busy market town/small city in Staffordshire, England, not to be confused with the larger city of Newcastle upon Tyne. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... This article is about a military rank and position. ... Combatants France and its native allies, mostly Algonquin and Huron Great Britain and its native allies, mostly Iroquois Strength 3,900 regulars 7,900 militia 2,200 natives (1759) 50,000 regulars and militia (1759) The French and Indian War was the nine years North American chapter of the Seven...

Astley had a genius for trick riding. He saw that trick riders received more attention from the crowds in Islington. He had an idea for opening a riding school in London, where he could also conduct shows of acrobatic riding skill. In 1768, Astley opened his riding school in London, south of the Westminster Bridge. He taught in the morning and performed his “feats of horsemanship” in the afternoon. Astley called the arena a circus because of its shape, and Astley chose it for two reasons. First of all, it was easier for the audience to keep the riders in sight. Secondly, the ring (as the circus was better known) helped riders through generation of centrifugal force, which allowed them to keep their balance whilst standing on the backs of their galloping horses. After a few years, he added a platform, seats, and a roof to his ring. Islington is an inner-city district in north London. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Westminster Bridge and the Palace of Westminster, with a glimpse of Westminster Abbey behind the tower of Big Ben. ... The Big Top of Billy Smarts Circus Cambridge 2004. ... Centrifugal force (from Latin centrum center and fugere to flee) is a term which may refer to two different forces which are related to rotation. ...

Astley's Ampitheatre in London circa 1808.

Astley's original circus was 62 ft (~19 m) in diameter, and later he settled it at 42 ft (~13 m), which has been an international standard for circuses since then. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (863x626, 143 KB) (Philip) Astleys Ampitheatre in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (863x626, 143 KB) (Philip) Astleys Ampitheatre in London as drawn by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin for Ackermanns Microcosm of London (1808-11). ... DIAMETER is an AAA protocol (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) succeeding its predecessor RADIUS. // The name is a pun on the RADIUS protocol, which is the predecessor (a diameter is twice the radius). ...

Astley began to make more and more money and made a good reputation. However, after two seasons in London, he had to bring some novelty to his performances, so he hired other equestrians, musicians, a clown, jugglers, tumblers, tightrope walkers, and dancing dogs. This laid the foundations of the modern circus, as we know it today. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Juggling can refer to all forms of artful or skillful object manipulation. ... Tightrope walking is a spectacle activity usually performed for the amusement of an audience. ...

His circus was so popular that he was invited in 1772 to perform before King Louis XV of France in Versailles. Astley's Amphitheatre opened in London in 1773; {1} it burned on September 17, 1794, but was rebuilt and, in course of prosperity and rebuilding after successive fires, {2} grew into Astley's Royal Amphitheatre. Astley opened the first Parisian circus in 1782, which he called the Amphitheatre Anglais. Soon after that, others opened new circuses, and this led to their worldwide fame. Year 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ... Versailles (pronounced , in French), formerly the de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... Philip Astley opened Astleys Amphitheatre in London in 1773. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Produced in 1913, The Wallet of Time is a publication by William Winter, in two volumes. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The New International Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia first published in the 1910s. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Amphithéâtre Anglais in Paris, also known as the Amphithéâtre Astley, was opened in 1782 by Philip Astley as the first purpose-built circus in France. ...

Astley's first competitor was equestrian Charles Hughes, who had previously worked with Astley. Together with Charles Dibdin, a famous author of pantomimes, Hughes opened a rival amphitheatre in London, which Dibdin called Royal Circus and Equestrian Philharmonic Academy. Charles Dibdin (March 4?, 1745 - July 25, 1814), British musician, dramatist, novelist, actor and song-writer, the son of a parish clerk, was born in Southampton on or before the 4th of March 1745, and was the youngest of a family of eighteen. ...

Astley established 18 other circuses in other European cities; was patronised by a great number of royals, and was famous, envied, and occasionally rich. He never used wild animals in the circus arena. They began to be displayed 14 years after his death in Paris. He is buried in Père-la-Chaise. {3} City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... The New International Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia first published in the 1910s. ...

Trivia

The Amphitheatre Anglais was seized for a barracks at the time of the Revolution, but he afterward recovered possession of his property. The Amphithéâtre Anglais in Paris, also known as the Amphithéâtre Astley, was opened in 1782 by Philip Astley as the first purpose-built circus in France. ... A barracks housing conscripts of Norrbottens regemente in Boden, Sweden. ... The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a vital period in the history of France and Europe as a whole. ...