Philippe I, Duc d'Orléans (September 21, 1640 – June 8, 1701) was the son of the Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and younger brother of Louis XIV of France. September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... Events December 1 - Portugal regains its independence from Spain and João IV of Portugal becomes king. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... Louis XIII (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643), called the Just (French: le Juste), was King of France from 1610 to 1643. ... Anne of Austria Anne of Austria (September 22, 1601 _ January 20, 1666) was Queen Consort of France and Regent for her son, Louis XIV of France. ... (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638 – September 1,rance]] and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ...

He was born at St Germain-en-Laye. In 1661, he was made Duc d'Orléans, and married Henrietta Anne Stuart, sister of Charles II of England, also known as 'Minette'. Their marriage was not a happy one, largely because of Philippe's homosexual affair with the Chevalier de Lorraine. The death of the Duchess in 1670 was initially attributed to poison, but this was later disproved. Subsequently he married Charlotte Elizabeth (Liselotte), daughter of Charles Louis, Elector Palatine of the Rhine. Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a city west of Paris, in the Yvelines département (of which it is a sous-préfecture), in the Ile-de-France région, in France. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... Duke of Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century. ... Henrietta Anne Stuart (June 16, 1644 - June 30, 1670) was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria of France. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ... Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz (Charlotte Elizabeth, Duchesse dOrléans), (May 27, 1652 in Heidelberg - 9 October or December 8, 1722 in St. ... The Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes Lower Palatinate or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau and Speyer. ...

In an era when the infant mortality rate was 50%, it was considered wise for a royal family to have (as the saying went) an heir and a spare. Politically speaking, as long as the heir (Louis) remained healthy, the spare (Philippe) was at best unimportant. Generally younger sons were not given a lot of responsibility, and Philippe was no exception to this rule. Philippe had a naturally feminine disposition, and this was encouraged by his mother, to wear dresses, makeup, and to enjoy feminine pursuits. This was simple pragmaticism on the part of Anne. Until Louis XIII's elder son was born, his younger brother Gaston, duc d'Orléans was the heir presumptive. Gaston wanted to be king, and some feared that he would assassinate Louis XIII in order to assume the throne. The birth of Louis XIV all but cut Gaston out of the line of succession to the throne. Gaston Jean-Baptiste, duc dOrléans (April 25, 1608 - February 2, 1660), third son of the French king Henry IV (reigned 1589 - 1610) and of his wife Marie de Medici, was born at Fontainebleau. ...

As an adult, Philippe, now usually referred to as Monsieur continued to enjoy wearing women's clothing and trying on different scents. However, he also was a natural born captain or commander. He fought with distinction in the battle of Flanders but returned to Paris almost immediately after the victory was assured. The ostensible reason for this abrupt exit was his wife's health. Pregnant before the Battle of Flanders, Madame miscarried because of the battle. Monsieur returned to military life in 1672, and in 1677 gained a great victory at Cassel and took St Omer. Louis XIV, it was said, was jealous of his brother's success, therefore Philippe never commanded an army again. Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events First performance of Racines tragedy, Phèdre Sarah Churchill marries John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Battle of Cassel, Philippe I of Orléans defeats William of Orange Mary II of England marries William of Orange English Statute of frauds is passed into law Battle of Landskrona Elias... The Battle of Cassel was fought in August 1328 by the king of France against the peasant revolt in Flanders. ... Saint-Omer, a town and commune of Artois in northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département, 42 miles west-north-west of Lille on the railway to Calais. ...

There was more to Philippe than met the eye: He was an art collector and perhaps also a shrewd investor (as Nancy Nichols Barker suggests in her book Brother to the Sun King). Philippe was a natural entertainer, and the King relied on him to keep the conversation flowing at interminable court functions. Given a chance, and had not his natural talents not be squashed by Louis XIV, he might have made an excellent prince and potential rival - which was just why his mother went to such lengths to keep him in his place.

He died at Saint-Cloud in 1701 as a result of an apoplectic fit brought on by a heated argument with the King over their children's marriage to each other. The King's legendary and discarded mistress, the Marquise de Montespan, was said to have wept bitterly at the loss of the one remaining friend from the bygone golden age of le Roi Soleil. Saint Cloud or St. ...

In Alexandre Dumas' The Man in the Iron Mask Phillippe is portrayed as the identical twin of Louis XIV, but in truth he was shorter and stouter than the king. He was described as looking like a "flabby mirror" of his brother.

Marriages:

On March 31, 1661, he married Henrietta Anne Stuart (June 16, 1644 – June 30, 1670) March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March. ... Events January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. ... Henrietta Anne Stuart (June 16, 1644 - June 30, 1670) was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria of France. ... June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. ... Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining, as the last day in June. ... 1670 was a common year beginning on a Saturday in countries using the Julian calendar and a Wednesday in countries using the Gregorian calendar. ...

Children

1. Marie Louise (March 27, 1662 – 1689), wife of Charles II of Spain. She died before her father.
2. Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois (July 16, 1664 – 1666)
3. daughter (born July 9, 1665)
4. Anne Marie (August 27, 1669 – 1728), first wife of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy, whom she married in 1679

On December 21, 1671, he married Elisabeth-Charlotte Wittelsbach von Pfalz March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (87th in Leap years). ... Events March 18 – Short-timed experiment of the first public buses holding 8 passengers begins in Paris May 3/May 2 - Catherine of Braganza marries Charles II of England – as part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay and Tangier to England May 9 - Samuel Pepys witnessed a Punch and Judy... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... Charles II of Spain. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England. ... Events September 2 - Great Fire of London: A large fire breaks out in London in the house of Charles IIs baker on Pudding Lane near London Bridge. ... July 9 is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 175 days remaining. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War March 6 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society begins publication March 16 - Bucharest allows Jews to settle in the city in exchange of annual tax of 16 guilders June 3 - The Duke of York defeats the Dutch Fleet off the... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births January 9 - Thomas Warton, English poet (d. ... Victor Amadeus II (b. ... Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz (Charlotte Elizabeth, Duchesse dOrléans), (May 27, 1652 in Heidelberg - 9 October or December 8, 1722 in St. ...

Children

1. Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois. (b.1673-d.1676)
2. Philip, the regent Orléans (August 2, 1674 – 1723)
3. Elizabeth Charlotte (September 13, 1676 – 1744), wife of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine

• their son became Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (1708 – 1765) — father of Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793)

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Philip II, Duke of Orléans - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births May 19 - Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III of Great Britain (d. ... Leopold Joseph (September 11, 1679 – March 27, 1729), was Duke of Lorraine from 1697 to 1702, and again, from 1714 to his death. ... The Duchy of Lorraine was an independent state for most of the period of time between 843 to 1739. ... Francis I Francis I (December 8, 1708 – August 18, 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany. ... Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J.S. Bach appointed as chamber musician and... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... 1755 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...