Philip St. George Cooke durimg the Civil War

Philip St. George Cooke (June 13, 1809 – March 20, 1895) was a career U.S. Army cavalry officer who served as a Union general in the American Civil War. He is noted for his authorship of an Army cavalry manual, and is sometimes called the "Father of the U.S. Cavalry", but his wartime service was forgettable and he is better remembered for his famous relatives who joined the Confederate States Army. Image File history File links Philip_St. ... Image File history File links Philip_St. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Kircholm, a 1925 painting by Wojciech Kossak. ... The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederate) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties Killed in action: 110,000 Total dead: 360,000 Wounded: 275,200 Killed in action: 93,000 Total dead: 258... Some Confederate soldiers The Confederate States Army (CSA) was formed in February 1861 to defend the Confederate States of America, which had itself been formed that same year when seven southern states seceded from the United States (with four more to follow). ...

Cooke was born in Leesburg, Virginia. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1827 and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the infantry. He served at a variety of installations in the American West and in the Black Hawk War. In 1833 he was promoted to first lieutenant in the newly formed 1st U.S. Dragoons. Leesburg is a town located in Loudoun County, Virginia, United States of America. ... Alternate meanings: West Point (disambiguation). ... Naval Battle of Navarino by Carneray 1827 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... In the US military, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... Combatants United States Sauk Nation Strength 8,000 Miltia 1,500 Regulars volunteers? Indian allies ? 1,000 The majority were women and children Casualties 33 killed in action 39 non-combatants killed 450-600 The Black Hawk War was fought in 1832 in the Midwestern United States. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... First Lieutenant is a military rank. ...

In the Dragoons, Cooke went on numerous trips of exploration into the Far West. He led the Mormon Battalion from Santa Fe to California during the Mexican War and received a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel for his service in California. In the 2nd U.S. Dragoons he fought in the Battle of Ash Hollow against the Sioux and was sent to keep the peace in Bleeding Kansas. Despite being a personal friend of Brigham Young, Cooke took part in the Utah expedition of 1857–58, after which he was promoted to colonel and command of the 2nd U.S. Dragoons, was an observer for the U.S. Army in the Crimean War, and commanded the Department of Utah from 1860 until 1861. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The City Different Location Location in the State of New Mexico Coordinates , Government Country State County United States New Mexico Santa Fe Founded 1607 Mayor David Coss Geographical characteristics Area     City 96. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... The Mexican-American War was a war fought between the United States and Mexico between 1846 and 1848. ... In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ... The Grattan Massacre occurred in what is today Nebraska, USA on August 17, 1854 near Fort Laramie, in which a number of US soldiers were killed by Brule Sioux. ... The Sioux (also: Lakota) are a Native American people. ... Division of the states during the Civil War:  Union states  Union territories  Border states  Bleeding Kansas  The Confederacy  Confederate territories (not always held) Bleeding Kansas, sometimes referred to in the history of Kansas as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving Free-Staters (anti... Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was the second prophet and president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ... The Utah War was a 19th century armed conflict between Mormon settlers in Utah Territory and the United States federal government. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ... Combatants United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Second French Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Sardinia Imperial Russia Strength 250,000 British 400,000 French 10,000 Sardinian 1,200,000 Russian Casualties 17,500 British 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 2,050 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Cooke had in his family three men who would become prominent general officers. Tragically, the issue of secession deeply divided his family and some of these relatives became his enemies. His son, John R. Cooke, was an infantry brigade commander in the Army of Northern Virginia. His son-in-law was J.E.B. Stuart, the famous Confederate cavalry general in that same army. His other son-in-law was Jacob Sharpe, a general in the Union Army. In the case of Stuart, who married Cooke's daughter Flora, the two never spoke again, with Stuart saying, "He will regret it only once, and for the rest of his life." The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War in the eastern theater. ... James Ewell Brown Stuart (February 6, 1833 – May 12, 1864) was an American soldier from Virginia and a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War. ...

At the start of the Civil War, the U.S. Army had five mounted regiments. Cooke commanded the 2nd Dragoons, which was redesignated the 2nd U.S. Cavalry. As they prepared to ride into their first battles, they had the potential opportunity to learn from the two-volume manual on cavalry tactics written by Cooke in 1858, but not published until 1862. It was a controversial work at the time and the War Department chose not to make it the basis for official doctrine. Cooke espoused the value of mounted attacks as the primary purpose for cavalry forces; others, more sensibly, realized that the emergence of the rifled musket as an infantry weapon made the classic cavalry charge essentially obsolete and recommended a mission emphasis on reconnaissance and screening. Even those who agreed that cavalry charges retained some value found reasons to disagree with Cooke. A prominent theory of cavalry charges at the time, endorsed by future generals Henry W. Halleck and George B. McClellan, was that the cavalry should be deployed in double ranks (a regiment would deploy in two lines of five companies each), which would increase the shock effect of the charge by providing an immediate follow-up attack. Cooke's manual called for a single-rank formation in which a battalion of four companies would form a single line and two squadrons of two companies each would cover the flanks. A third battalion would be placed in reserve a few hundred yards to the rear. Cook believed that the double-rank offensive promoted disorder of the horses in the ranks and would be difficult to control. 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Line drawing of the Department of Wars seal. ... The rifled musket is a long-barreled infantry weapon (to be distinguished from the shorter rifle carried by some light infantry units), usually percussion, that was common in the 19th century. ... Henry Wager Halleck (1815 - 1872) was an American soldier and politician. ... George McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. ... A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a group of battalions, usually four and commanded by a colonel. ... Symbol of the Austrian 14th Armoured Battalion in NATO code In military terminology, a battalion consists of two to six companies typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. ... A Squadron is a small unit or formation of cavalry, aircraft (including balloons), or naval vessels. ...

Cooke was promoted to brigadier general on November 12, 1861. He initially commanded a brigade of Regular Army cavalry within the defenses of Washington, D.C. For the Peninsula Campaign, he was selected by McClellan to command the Cavalry Reserve, a division-sized force, of the Army of the Potomac. When Confederate forces evacuated the city of Yorktown, Cooke was sent along with Major General George Stoneman in pursuit and his cavalry was roughed up in an assault ordered by Stoneman against Fort Magruder. He saw subsequent action at the battles of Williamsburg, Gaines' Mill, and White Oak Swamp.Cooke ordered an ill-fated charge of the 5th U.S. Cavalry at Gaines' Mill during the Seven Days Battles, nearly sacrificing an entire regiment of Regulars. November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Regular Army is the name given to the permanent force of the United States Army that is maintained during peacetime. ... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... McClellan and Johnston of the Peninsula Campaign The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to fifteen thousand soldiers. ... Generals Burnside, Hancock, Couch, Ferro, Patrick, Wilcox, Cochrane, Buford and others. ... The Battle of Yorktown (1862) was a battle of the American Civil War that was part of the Union offensive called the Peninsular Campaign. ... Categories: Stub | 1822 births | 1894 deaths | Governors of California ... The Battle of Williamsburg, also known as the Battle of Fort Magruder, took place on May 5, 1862 in York County and Williamsburg, Virginia as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. ... Battle of Gaines Mill Conflict American Civil War Date June 27, 1862 Place Hanover County, Virginia Result Confederate victory The Battle of Gaines Mill, also known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy River, took place on June 27, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as... Battle of White Oak Swamp Conflict American Civil War Date June 30, 1862 Place Henrico County, Virginia Result Inconclusive The Battle of White Oak Swamp took place on June 30, 1862 in Henrico County, Virginia as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. ... Lee and McClellan of the Seven Days The Seven Days Battles was a series of six major battles over the seven days from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia, in the American Civil War. ...

After the Peninsula, Cooke left active field service. One proximate reason was the embarrassment he suffered when his son-in-law, Jeb Stuart, humiliated the Union cavalry by completely encircling the Army of the Potomac in his celebrated raid. Cooke served on boards of court-martial, commanded the District of Baton Rouge, and was superintendent of Army recruiting for the Adjutant General's office. He received a brevet promotion to major general in the regular army on March 13, 1865, and commanded the Department of the Platte from 1866 to 1867. He retired from the Army with over 50 years service on October 29, 1873. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a military court that determines punishments for members of the military subject to military law. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Red Stick Motto: Authentic Louisiana at every turn Location Government Country   State     Parish United States   Louisiana     East Baton Rouge Parish Founded Incorporated 1699 16 January 1817 Mayor Melvin Kip Holden Geographical characteristics Area    - City 204. ... An adjutant general is the chief administrative officer to a military general. ... Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. ... The Regular Army is the name given to the permanent force of the United States Army that is maintained during peacetime. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... The Platte River, showing the North Platte and South Platte The Platte River is a tributary of the Missouri River, approximately 310 mi. ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 63 days remaining. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calaber). ...

Cooke is the author of a variety of memoirs of his service: Notes of a Military Reconnaissance, from Fort Leavenworth, in Missouri, to San Diego, in California (1848), Scenes and Adventures in the Army: or, Romance of Military Life (1857), Cavalry Tactics (1862), Handy Book for United States Cavalry (1863), and The Conquest of New Mexico and California (1878).

Cooke died in Detroit, Michigan, and is buried there in Elmwood Cemetery. Flag Seal Nickname: Motor City, Motown Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (Latin for, We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes) Location Location in Wayne County, Michigan Coordinates , Government Country State County United States Michigan Wayne County Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 370. ...

See also

• Cavalry in the American Civil War

U.S. Army Cavalry Sergeant, 1866 Cavalry was a branch of army service in a process of transition during the American Civil War. ...

References

• Eicher, John H., & Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Longacre, Edward G., Lincoln's Cavalrymen, A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of the Potomac, Stackpole Books, 2000, ISBN 0-8117-1049-1.
• Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, ISBN 0-8071-0882-7.

External links

• Online text of Cooke's cavalry manual
• Review of Cooke's Scenes and Adventures