Philipp Jakob Spener.

Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635 - February 5, 1705), was a German Christian theologian known as the "Father of Pietism." This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ... February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England. ... It has been suggested that Christian theological controversy be merged into this article or section. ... Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late-17th century to the mid-18th century. ...

He was born in Rappoltsweiler in Upper Alsace. After a brief time at the grammar school of Colmar, he went to Strasbourg in 1651, where he devoted himself to the study of philology, history and philosophy, and won his degree of master (1653) by a disputation against the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He then became private tutor to the princes Christian and Charles of the Palatinate, and lectured in the university on philology and history. From 1659 to 1662 he visited the universities of Basel, Tübingen and Geneva, and commenced the study of heraldry, which he pursued throughout his life. In Geneva especially his religious views and tendencies were turned in the direction of mysticism. Location Administration Capital Strasbourg Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Départements Bas-Rhin Haut-Rhin Arrondissements 13 Cantons 75 Communes 903 Statistics Land area1 8,280 km² Population (Ranked 14th)  - January 1, 2005 est. ... Grammar school can refer to various types of schools in different English-speaking countries. ... Location within France coat of arms of Colmar Colmar is a town and commune in the Haut-Rhin département of Alsace, France. ... City flag City coat of arms Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Alsace Département Bas-Rhin (67) Intercommunality Urban Community of Strasbourg Mayor Fabienne Keller  (UMP) (since 2001) City Statistics Land area¹ 78. ... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... HIStory: Past, Present and Future – Book I (or simply HIStory) is a double-disc album by Michael Jackson released in 1995 by the Epic Records devision of Sony Music. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Hobbes redirects here. ... A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign, but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... Philology is the study of ancient texts and languages. ... The University of Basel (German: Universität Basel) is located at Basel, Switzerland. ... Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen) is a state-supported university located on the Neckar river, in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... The University of Geneva (Université de Genève) is one of the oldest universities in the world. ... Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German: //, Italian: Ginevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ...

He returned to Strasbourg in 1663, where be was appointed preacher without pastoral duties, with the right of holding lectures. Three years afterwards he was invited to become the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. Here he published his two chief works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), and began that form of pastoral work which resulted in the movement called Pietism. In 1686 he accepted the invitation to the first court chaplaincy at Dresden. But the Elector John George III, at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended at the fearless conscientiousness with which his chaplain sought to discharge his pastoral duties. Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him. But in 1691 the Saxon representative at Berlin induced the court of Brandenburg to offer him the rectorship of St Nicholas in Berlin with the title of "Konsistorialrat." // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... Main Station Frankfurt Frankfurt International Airport For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... Dresden (Sorbian: Drježdźany; etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest) is the capital city of the German Federal Free State of Saxony and situated in a valley on the River Elbe. ... Army of Saxony John George III, Elector of Saxony (20 June 1647 - 12 September 1691) was born into the house of Wettin. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stat Sakska) is a federal state of Germany. ...

In Berlin Spener was held in high honour, though the tendencies of the court and the government officials were rather rationalistic than pietistic. The University of Halle was founded under his influence in 1694. All his life long Spener had been exposed to the attacks and abuse of the orthodox Lutheran theologians; with the years, his opponents multiplied, and the movement which he had inaugurated increasingly served as a subject for hostile criticism. In 1695 the theological faculty of Wittenberg formally laid to his charge 264 errors, and only his death released him from these fierce conflicts. His last important work was Theologische Bedenken (1700-1702), to which was added after his death Letzte theologische Bedenken, with a biography of Spener by CH von Canstein (1711). The Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg is located in the German cities of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Wittenberg. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... The Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg is located in the German cities of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt and Wittenberg. ...

Though Spener has been called the "father of Pietism". Albrecht Ritschl (Geschichte des Pietismus, ii. 163) maintains that "he was himself not a Pietist," as he did not advocate the quietistic, legalistic and semi-separatist practices of Pietism, though they were more or less involved in the positions he assumed or the practices which he encouraged or connived at. The only two points on which he departed from the orthodox Lutheran faith of his day were the requirement of regeneration as the sine qua non of the true theologian, and the expectation of the conversion of the Jews and the fall of Papacy as the prelude of the triumph of the church. He did not, like the later Pietists, insist on the necessity of a conscious crisis of conversion, nor did he encourage a complete breach between the Christian and the secular life. Albrecht Ritschl (March 25, 1822 - March 20, 1889), was a German theologian. ... Sine qua non or conditio sine qua non was originally a Latin legal term for without which it could not be (but for). It refers to an indispensable and essential action, condition, or ingredient. ... A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ. ...

Spener was a prolific writer. The list of his published works comprises 7 vols. folio, 63 quarto, 7 octavo, 46 duodecimo; a new edition of his chief writings was published by P Grunberg in 1889.

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Bibliography

• Philipp Jacob Spener: Pia desideria – Umkehr in die Zukunft, Brunnen Verlag Gießen, 1995, ISBN 3-7655-9065-7
• Ludwig Biewer: Philipp Jakob Spener als Heraldiker - Ein kleiner Beitrag zu dem 300. Todestag eines großen Theologen in: Der Herold (Virteljahresschrift des "Herold" - Verein für Heraldik, Genealogie und verwandte Wissenschaften zu Berlin), Bd. 16, Heft 17/2005, S. 493ff.
• Johannes Wallmann, Philipp Jakob Spener und die Anfänge des Pietismus, 1970
• Reinhard Breymayer: Der "Vater des deutschen Pietismus" und seine Bücher. Zur Privatbibliothek Philipp Jakob Speners, in: Bibliothecae selectae da Cusano a Leopardi, a cura di Eugenio Canone. Leo S. Olschki Editore, Firenze 1993 (Lessico Intellettuale Europeo, 58), S. 299-331.