NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Philippine Declaration of Independence

The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines, where Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo (later to become the Philippines' first Republican President) proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain after the latter was defeated at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. Back side of the 5-Philippine peso bill. ... Back side of the 5-Philippine peso bill. ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 â€“ February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... ISO 4217 Code PHP User(s) Philippines Inflation 2. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 â€“ February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... There have been a number of naval battles that occurred in Manila Bay. ... Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey MÃ¡ximo GÃ³mez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado RamÃ³n Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000...

The declaration, however, was not recognized by the United States or Spain, as the Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in consideration for an indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets lost. The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. ...

While the Philippines first celebrated its Independence Day on June 12, 1898, its independence was not recognized by the United States until July 4, 1946. After that date, Independence Day was observed on July 4 until, in the name of nationalism and upon the advice of historians, President Diosdado Macapagal signed Republic Act No. 4166 into law on August 4, 1964, designating June 12, which had previously been observed as Flag Day, as the country's Independence Day.^[1] For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the airport, see Diosdado Macapagal International Airport For the boulevard in Metro Manila, see Diosdado Macapagal Boulevard Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 â€“ April 21, 1997) was a Filipino politician who served as the 9th President of the Philippines. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Proclamation Day

The declaration, in the form of a proclamation, in the presence of a huge crowd, was done on June 12, 1898 at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo between four and five in the afternoon in Cavite el Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite, some 30 kilometers South of Manila. The event saw the unfurling of the National Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza, and the performance of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the Nation's National Anthem, now known as Lupang Hinirang, which was composed by Julian Felipe and played by the San Francisco de Malabon Marching band. Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Philippines_flag_original. ... Image File history File links Philippines_flag_original. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 â€“ February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... Kawit (formerly Cavite El Viejo) is a 1st class urban municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. ... This article is about the province of Cavite. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Bandila redirects here. ... When the national anthem was first played, this was the flag displayed to the Filipino people. ...

The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared and written by Senior Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish, who also read the said declaration. A passage in the Declaration reminds one of another passage in the American Declaration of Independence. The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on the 1st of August, when many towns had already been organized under the rules laid down by the Dictatorial Government of General Aguinaldo.^[2]^[3] The final paragraph states that there was a "stranger" (stranger in English translation — etranger in the original Spanish, possibly meaning foreigner) who attended the proceedings, Mr. L. M. Johnson, described as "a citizen of the U.S.A, a Coronel of Artillery".^[4]

The June 12 proclamation was later modified by another Proclamation done at Malolos, Bulacan, upon the insistence of Apolinario Mabini, who objected to the Original proclamation, which essentially placed the Philippines under the protection of the United States. is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (July 23, 1864â€”May 13, 1903), also known as the Sublime Paralytic, was a Filipino theoretician who wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899. ...

Philippine Independence

Philippine Independence Day (Filipino:Araw ng Kasarinlan, Araw ng Kalayaan) commemorating the country's declaration of independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 is a regular holiday in the Philippines.^[5] is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Holidays in the Philippines // New Years Day, or Araw ng Bagong Taon is celebrated with the family in or outside the house. ...

History

The event was led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in his mansion on June 12, 1898. The flag of the Philippines, which was made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad was first flown in that event. It is also where the Philippine National Anthem, composed by Julian Felipe, was first played by the San Francisco de Malabon band. The song was played under the name Marcha Filipina Magdalo, later renamed as Marcha Nacional Filipina. is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The Official Flag of the Republic of the Philippines.The Philippines celebrated its Independence Day every July 4, the date in 1946 that the United States granted independence to the nation, until 1962, when President Diosdado Macapagal signed the Presidential Proclamation No. 28, changing the official celebration to June 12, the date in 1898 that Emilio Aguinaldo declared the nation's independence from Spain.^[6]

On June 12, 1998, the nation celebrated its centennial year of Independence from Spain. The celebrations were held simultaneously nationwide by then President Fidel V. Ramos and Filipino communities worldwide. A commission was established for the said event, the National Centennial Commission headed by former Vice President Salvador Laurel presided all events around the country. One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino, a grand showcase of the Philippines' growth as a nation for the last 100 years, located in the Clark Special Economic Zone (formerly Clark Air Base) in Angeles City, Pampanga. is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. ... Salvador Doy Laurel in a portrait for the Philippine Centennial Commission Salvador Doy Hidalgo Laurel (November 18, 1928â€“January 27, 2004), was vice-president of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992 under Corazon Aquino. ... Clark Air Base, 1975. ...

Surrounding events

The Philippine Revolution

Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896â€”1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ...

The Spanish-American War

Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey MÃ¡ximo GÃ³mez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado RamÃ³n Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000...

The Malolos Congress

Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Malolos Congress was the constituent assembly of the First...

The Philippine-American War

Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000...

See also

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892, which aimed to gain independence from Spain. ... Philippine Independence Day (Filipino: Araw ng Kalayaan) is a working holiday in the Philippines commemorating the countrys independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. ... A declaration of independence is an assertion of the independence of an aspiring state or states. ... Filipino-American Friendship Day, July 4, is a day in the Philippines designated by President Diosdado Macapagal to commemorate the liberation of the country by joint Filipino and American forces from the Japanese occupation at the end of World War II, in 1946. ... The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... The Philippine Independence Day Parade is a celebration for the Filipino community in the Northeast United States, home to more than half a million Filipinos. ...

Notes

^ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4166 - AN ACT CHANGING THE DATE OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE DAY FROM JULY FOUR TO JUNE TWELVE, AND DECLARING JULY FOUR AS PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC DAY, FURTHER AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE SECTION TWENTY-NINE OF THE REVISED ADMINISTRATIVE CODE, Chanrobles law library, August 4, 1964, <http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4166.html>. Retrieved on 11 June 2008
^ Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005), “Philippine Declaration of Independence”, The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899., Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972), <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer;cc=philamer;rgn=full%20text;idno=aab1246.0001.001;didno=aab1246.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000221>. Retrieved on 26 March 2008 . (English translation by Sulpicio Guevara)
^ Guevara, Sulpico, ed. (2005), “Facsimile of the Proclamation of the Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite, June 12, 1898”, The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898-1899., Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library (published 1972), <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=philamer&cc=philamer&idno=aab1246.0001.001&frm=frameset&view=image&seq=203>. Retrieved on 26 March 2008 . (Original handwritten Spanish)
^ Dean Conant Worcester, in his 1914 book The Philippines: Past and Present (Worcester 1914), says:

"Invitations to the ceremony of the declaration of independence were sent to Admiral Dewey; but neither he nor any of his officers were present. It was, however, important to Aguinaldo that some American should be there whom the assembled people would consider a representative of the United States. 'Colonel' Johnson, ex-hotel keeper of Shanghai, who was in the Philippines exhibiting a cinematograph, kindly consented to appear on this occasion as Aguinaldo's Chief of Artillery and the representative of the North American nation. His name does not appear subsequently among the papers of Aguinaldo. It is possible that his position as colonel and chief of artillery was a merely temporary one which enabled him to appear in a uniform which would befit the character of the representative of a great people upon so solemn an occasion!"

Worcester attributes this to "Taylor, 26 A J.", referring to Major J. R. M. Taylor, who translated and compiled Insurgent records
^ Labor in the Philippines, Holiday Pay, Philippine government, <http://www.gov.ph/faqs/labor_holiday.asp>. Retrieved on 2007-11-22
^ PROCLAMATION NO. 28 DECLARING JUNE 12 AS PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE DAY, Philippine History group of Los Angeles, May 12, 1962, <http://www.bibingka.com/phg/documents/jun12.htm>. Retrieved on 17 June 2008

is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Dean Conant Worcester, D.Sc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

The 23rd century (Gregorian Calendar) comprises the years 2201-2300. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

This article is about the date January 1 in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Last Supper - museum copy of Master Pauls sculpture, from the main altar in St. ... Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday. ... Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor in Filipino) is a national holiday in the Philippines which commemorates the fall of Bataan during World War II. It falls annually on April 9, and is observed on the Monday nearest that date. ... Labour Day is an annual holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of the labour union movement, to celebrate the economic and social achievements of workers. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Heroes Day or National Heroes Day may refer to a number of commemorations of national heroes in different countries. ... Eid ul-Fitr or Id-Ul-Fitr (Arabic: Ø¹ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„ÙØ·Ø± â€˜Äªdu l-Fiá¹r), often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the holy month of fasting. ... This article is about the person AndrÃ©s Bonifacio. ... Joseph and Mary with baby Jesus, at the first Christmas Christmas (literally, the Mass of Christ) is a holiday in the Christian calendar, usually observed on December 25, which celebrates the birth of Jesus. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... Flag of the Philippine Revolution: Flag of the Katipunan featuring the societys acronym KKK in white in a line in the middle of a field of red. ... Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896â€”1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ... Image File history File links Philippines_flag_original. ... Gomburza stood for Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on February 17, 1873 by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion coming from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. ... The Tejeros Convention, or the Tejeros Assembly was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite. ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Human rights Other countries Politics Portal This flag was used as the then official flag of the Biyak-na... The Pact of Biak na Bato, signed in December 1897, created a truce between rival rebel groups in the Philippine Revolution: Magdiwang, led by Mariano Alvarez and Magdalo, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. ... Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey MÃ¡ximo GÃ³mez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado RamÃ³n Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Malolos Congress was the constituent assembly of the First... Flag Anthem: Himno Nacional Filipina Location of Filipinas in Asia Capital Bacoor, Cavite Malolos, Bulacan January 23, 1899-March 29, 1899 San Isidro, Nueva Ecija March 29, 1899-May 9, 1899 Palanan, Isabela September 6, 1900-March 23, 1901 Language(s) Spanish (official), Tagalog Government Republic President - 1898-1901 Emilio... Katagalugan is the short lived republic in the mountains of Southern Luzon founded in 1902 by members of the Filipino Katipunan. ... Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Juan Araneta and Aniceto Lacson Governor Isidro de Castro Casualties unknown unknown The Negros Revolution, now commemorated and popularly known as Al Cinco de Noviembre or Negros Day, was a political movement that in 1898 created a cantonal form of government in Negros... The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. ... Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892, which aimed to gain independence from Spain. ... La Liga Filipina was an organization created by Dr. Jose Rizal in the Philippines. ... La Solidaridad is the name of a society of Filipino intellectuals (ilustrados) in Spain who sought to create adequate representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes (parliament). ... Magdalo was the name of two military organizations in the Philippines: A faction of the Katipunan chapter in Cavite, mostly made up of ilustrados of that province, that supported General Emilio Aguinaldo as leader of the Philippine Revolution. ... The Philippine Revolutionary Army (Filipino Hukbong Pilipinong Mapanghimagsik; Spanish EjÃ©rcito Revolucionario Filipino) was founded on March 22, 1897 in Cavite. ... El filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed as the alternative English title) is the second novel written by Philippine national hero JosÃ© Rizal. ... During the Philippine Revolution, various flags were used by the Katipunan secret society and its various factions, and later, after the Katipunan had been dissolved, the Philippine Army and its Civil Government. ... The Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of the Katipunan) served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the groups rules and principles. ... When the national anthem was first played, this was the flag displayed to the Filipino people. ... Mi Ãºltimo adiÃ³s (Spanish for My Last Farewell) is a poem written by Jose Rizal on the eve of his execution. ... Noli Me Tangere is a Spanish-language novel written by JosÃ© P. Rizal, and published in 1887, in Europe. ... Bandila redirects here. ... The Spoliarium is a painting by Filipino artist Juan Luna. ... Gregorio Labayan Aglipay was born on May 8, 1860 in Batac, Ilocos Norte, an orphan who grew up in the tobacco fields in the last volatile decades of the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 â€“ February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... Melchora Aquino (January 6, 1812 - March 2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as Tandang Sora (Tandang is derived from the Tagalog word matanda, which means old) in Philippines history because of her age when the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. ... Juan Anacleto Araneta (July 13, 1852 - October 3, 1924) pioneer sugar farmer and revolutionary leader during the Negros Revolution, was born on July 13, 1852 to Romualdo Araneta and Agueda Torres in Molo, Iloilo, Philippines. ... This article is about the person AndrÃ©s Bonifacio. ... Josephine Bracken (1876-1902)was the wife of Philippines national hero, Jose Rizal. ... Ponciano Elofre, later called Dios Buhawi (Hiligaynon, God of the Whirlwind), was a cabeza (Spanish, literally, head) of a barangay in Zamboanguita in Negros Oriental, Philippines, and the leader of a politico-religious revolt in Negros during the Spanish colonization. ... Gregoria de Jesus (15 May 1875 â€“ 15 March 1943), also known as Aling Oriang,[1] was the founder and vice-president of the womens chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. ... Gregorio del Pilar c. ... Marcelo Hilario Del Pilar Biography Biography Marcelo H. Del Pilar (1850-1896) was a Philippine revolutionary propagandist and satirist. ... George Dewey (December 26, 1837 â€“ January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory (without the loss of a single life of his own forces due to combat; one man died of a heart attack) at the Battle of Manila Bay during the... Dionisio Seguela, more widely known as Papa Isio (Hiligaynon, Isio the Pope), was the leader of a group of babaylanes (shaman) who were, as conjectured by Modesto P. Sa-onoy, recruited from the remnants of the followers of Dios Buhawi upon the dissolution of his group under the poor leadership... Emilio Jacinto(December 15,1875-April 16,1899)The Brains of the Katipunan He was born in Trozo, Manila. ... PantaleÃ³n Villegas, better known as LeÃ³n Kilat (July 27, 1873 - April 8, 1898), was a leader in Cebu during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ... Aniceto Lacson Aniceto Lacson (April 17, 1857, Molo, Iloiloâ€“1931, Talisay, Negros Occidental) Sugar Farmer, Revolutionary General and businessman, was the fifth son of seven children of Lucio Lacson and Clara Ledesma of Iloilo, who migrated to Negros when Aniceto was still young. ... Graciano Lopez-Jaena (born in Jaro Iloilo on December 29, 1856 - died January 22, 1896 in Barcelona, Spain) was one of the leading propagandists in Spain, for reforms in the Philippines. ... Gen. ... Juan Luna y Novicio was a 19th century Filipino painter. ... Apolinario Mabini y Maranan (July 23, 1864â€”May 13, 1903), also known as the Sublime Paralytic, was a Filipino theoretician who wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899. ... Miguel Malvar y Carpio was a leader in the Philippine Revolution (1896â€”1898). ... Admiral Patricio Montojo y PasarÃ³n (1839-1917) was the Spanish naval commander at the Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898), a decisive battle of the Spanish-American War. ... JosÃ© Palma (1876-1903) was a poet and soldier. ... Mariano Ponce (March 23, 1863-May 23, 1918) was a Filipino physician who was a leader of the Propaganda Movement that spurred the Philippine Revolution against Spanish in 1896. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... Katagalugan is the short lived republic in the mountains of Southern Luzon founded in 1902 by members of the Filipino Katipunan. ... Mariano Trias y Closas (October 12, 1868 â€“ February 22, 1914) was the first Vice President of the First Philippine Republic. ...

Contents

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