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Philippine English is the variety of English used in the Philippines by the media and the vast majority of educated Filipinos. English is taught in schools as one of the two official languages of the country, the other being Filipino, the standardized dialect of Tagalog. A variety of a language is a form that differs from other forms of the language systematically and coherently. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... ESL redirects here. ... An official language is a language that is given a unique status in the constitutions of countries, states, and other territories. ... A standard language (also standard dialect or standardized dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

Most Filipinos understand, write and speak English, Tagalog and their respective local language. English is used in education, religious affairs, print and broadcast media, and business, though the number of people who use it as a second language far outnumber those who speak it as a first language (see List of countries by English-speaking population). Still, for highly technical subjects such as nursing, medicine, computing, and calculus, English is the preferred medium for textbooks, communication, etc. Very few would prefer highly technical books in the vernacular. Movies and TV programs in English are not subtitled and are expected to be directly understood. There are over 170 languages in the Philippines; almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. ... A second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language or mother tongue (L1). ... “Native Language” redirects here. ... This is a list of countries of the world sorted by the total English-speaking population in that country. ...

English, as it is taught in the Philippines, is very similar to North American English. However, most schools in the Philippines are staffed by teachers who are not native Anglophones and thus think using Austronesian instead of Germanic grammatical structures. Non-standard usage arises from their second language acquisition of English. North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada. ... Education in the Philippines has a similar system to that of the United States, as the Philippines was colonized by the Americans from 1898 to 1945. ... Look up Anglophone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... Second language acquisition is the process by which people learn languages in addition to their native language(s). ...

Orthography and grammar

Philippine English generally follows American standards, except when it comes to punctuation. For example, a comma almost never precedes the final item in an enumeration. // The serial comma (also known as the Oxford comma or Harvard comma) is the comma used immediately before a grammatical conjunction (nearly always and or or; sometimes nor) that precedes the last item in a list of three or more items. ...

Vocabulary and usage

Some words and phrases and their respective definitions or uses are peculiar to Philippine English and may not appear in most English dialects. Some examples are: A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος) is a variant, or variety, of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. ...

• Aggrupation - A political group. From the Spanish word "agrupación."
• Aircon - air-conditioner, air conditioning unit.
• Ala - Filipinos prefer to spell "a la," or more correctly "à la," as one word.
• Already - Filipinos like to insert this word to state that they have finished doing something, even though it was completed past the original deadline. In standard English, by contrast, "already" is only used when something was completed ahead of schedule.
• Apartelle - A budget hotel. From apartment + hotel + le. Other terms used are "apartel," "apartment-hotel," and "condotel."
• Arbor^[clarify] - To ask for somebody else's item.
• Armalite - Like the British, Filipinos also use this term to refer to the M16 rifle.
• Baby Armalite - An M16A1 carbine. Usually this refers to a Colt Model 653 made under license in the Philippines.
• Bad trip - An unfortunate situation. May mean "bummer." (Example: "Bad trip! I got into a car accident.) In the U.S., a bad trip is usually reserved for drug addicts experiencing a bad experience on a drug high.
• Ballpen - Filipinos prefer to spell "ball pen" as one word, and prefer to use this term rather than ball-point pen, ball-point, or simply pen.
• Bananacue - Sabá (cooking banana, similar to plantain), rolled in brown sugar then deep fried. The hot oil caramelizes the sugar giving the banana cue a crunchy quality.
• Banca - Boat
• Barbecue - Roasted meat must be cut into pieces and put into a skewer in order to qualify as a "barbecue."
• Batch - A graduating class.
• Bedspacer - A person, usually a college student, who pays rent for the use of a bed in a private home.
• Biodata - In liue of a résumé, some employers may ask for this instead.
• Blowout - Taking several people out to a restaurant and paying for everybody.
• Bluebook - Filipinos prefer to spell "blue book" as one word.
• Bold - Nude
• Bold movie - A movie with nude scenes, which may or may not be a pornographic movie. This term is used only for Philippine movies. In the 1970s, the term for such movies was "bomba film," whereas in the 1980s it was "S.T.(sex trip) movie."
• Boodle fight - Originally pre-World War Two West Point slang [1] meaning "a gathering where such luxuries (candy, cake, ice cream, etc.) are served," presently this term refers to food (usually pansít, or steamed rice and sardines) served on old newspapers or banana leaves spread over a table, and eaten with bare hands by a group of people. Although it is the practice for some Filipinos to eat with their hands, a group of people eating this way from one source is an unnatural and contrived practice. This way of eating, which was devised by PMA cadets, does not represent authentic Philippine culture.
• Boundary - An amount public transport drivers pay their operators daily; any excess belongs to the driver as his daily wage.
• Buck - In America and Australia this refers to a dollar, however in the Philippines it refers to a peso.
• By and by - later
• Cabaret - (pronounced /KA ba ret/) A strip club.
• Cabinet (furniture) - Refers to "closet."
• Cadette - A female cadet. From French. Although the French pronunciation of this word is similar to the English pronunciation of "cadet," Filipinos pronounce this word /KAY det/, which is West Point slang.
• Carabao - water buffalo (Anglicized from Tagalog kalabáw, which evolved from the Malay kerbau). Filipinos almost never use "water buffalo" or "buffalo" in English communication when referring to this animal.
• Calling card - Refers to a "business card," not a phone card.
• Canteen - The usual term for cafeteria.
• Carnapper - A car thief.
• Carnapping - Motor vehicle theft, auto theft, or car theft, carjacking
• Call Boy or CB - A male prostitute.
• Call Girl or CG - Any female prostitute. In American English, a call girl is a prostitute contacted by phone.
• Cent - A centavo. "¢" the symbol for "cent" is also used as a symbol for "centavo." Formerly, "ctvs" was commonly used as the abbreviation for "centavo." "ctvs" appears to be a combination of "ctvo" the correct English abbreviation for "centavo(s)" and "cs" the correct Spanish abbreviation of "centavos."
• Change oil - An oil change.
• Chancing - To make a sexual advance; to cop a feel.
• Chicken - Something which is easy or easily accomplished. Example: "The final exam was chicken." This statement simply means: "The final exam was easy."
• Chit - A restaurant bill.
• Chocolate Man or Crocodile - Refers mostly to policemen in charge of traffic in Manila, due to their record amongst the people to be corrupt.
• Coke - Term for a carbonated drink, usually referred to sodas with dark colour.
• Colegiala - A female high schooler attending a well-known Catholic exclusive school in the Philippines. From Spanish.
• Combo - A musical band.
• Commute - Refers to the act of taking public transportation.
• Commuter - One who takes public transport (rarely used to refer to motorists, often excluding them).
• Coupon Bond - Bond paper. Coupon here is pronounced /kopon/ not /kyupon/.
• Course - While also used to refer to individual classes/subjects (as in US English), a "course" often refers to an entire degree program (as in UK English).
• CR (Comfort Room) - Toilet, bathroom.
• De hilo - A white suit, commonly used during the American colonial period.
• Dine-in - "Eat in," "for here."
• Dormer - A dormitory resident.
• Drawer (furniture) - Refers to the whole "dresser," rather than to individual drawers.
• Duster - A sun dress. Example: "Although she is wealthy, she wore a duster to the market so she would not be over charged." A duster in U.S. English refers to an instrument to remove dust from items (usually furniture) and is usually is made up of feathers.
• Eat-All-You-Can - All You Can Eat
• English-speaking - Someone whose native language is English. More specifically, someone who can only communicate to others in an English language.
• Estafa - Spanish for "con art," but used in English communication to mean "embezzlement."
• Ex. - E.g., from the abbreviation of the words "for example". This is used in writing and not as spoken word.
• Feeling - Arrogant, self-flattering; also, delusional.
• Exclusive School [2] - Used to refer to an all-girls school. May be seldomly used to refer to an all-boys school.
• Filipino-Chinese - Chinese Filipino
• Fill-up - to fill out a paper or document. E.g. "Please fill-up this form".
• Fishball - Filipinos prefer to spell "fish ball" as one word.
• Flyover - This British English word is the preferred term for overpass.
• For a while - Used on the telephone to mean "please wait."
• FX Taxi - A type of share taxi.
• Gay - As well as homosexuals, in the Philippines, it includes transsexuals, cross-dressers and effeminate men. (See Homosexuality in the Philippines.)
• Gay bar - in the Phils, the term refers to a gay strip club.
• Get down / go down (a vehicle) - "Get off." Derived from Tagalog context ("Bumaba ka", literally meaning "(you) get down").
• Gets - Expression meaning "to understand". ("Ahh, gets." - "Ahh, I understand." or "Gets?" - "Do you understand?")
• Gig - Hang out with friends, watching others play music, etc.^{[citation needed]}
• Gimmick - A planned or unplanned night out with friends.
• Go ahead - Leave in advance ("I'll go ahead" means "I will leave now, earlier than you guys" in lieu of "I'll go ahead" in which the speaker expects the receiver to follow)
• Green jokes - Dirty jokes (subsequently, to be "green-minded" is to have a dirty mind, e.g. always giving sexual connotations to everything.)
• Guinit helmet - A sun helmet made from coconut fiber (ginít), used by Filipinos serving in the American colonial army from 1935 through 1942. The American colonial gendarmerie also used this headgear about the same period. The Axis Second Philippine Republic's military, known as the Bureau of Constabulary, was another user of this type of sun helmet. Generally viewed as an inappropriate headgear for war it should however be noted that the German Afrika Korps and Italian elite units deployed in North Africa during World War Two also used sun helmets [3].
• Hard drink - Beer or any alcoholic drink.
• Holdupper - A holdup man, or stickup man.
• Hostess - A prostitute.
• Hyper - This prefix is used as an adjective to describe a person who is highly-strung. From the term "hypertension."
• Jeepney - Mass transit trams originally made from US military jeeps. (See "Owner" below)
• Jingle - To urinate
• Jueteng - An illegal numbers game.
• Maniac - (pronounced MAN-YAK) Pervert.
• Masteral/s - a Masters degree.
• Metro Aid - Refers to public street cleaners or broom sweepers.
• Monito-Monita - Secret Santa, Kris Kringle
• Motel - Used mostly to refer to a love hotel, a hotel or a motel paid at an hourly rate, used primarily for sex. Often used with the word "short-time" as in the construction "short-time motel."
• Middle name - Mother's maiden name. In America or the UK, middle name refers to one's 2nd (or 3rd) given name.
• Nightclub - Used to refer exclusively to strip clubs, especially among the older generation. To avoid confusion, nightclubs are instead referred to as "dance clubs" or simply as "clubs."
• Officemate - a co-worker
• Open/close the light/computer/TV - Turn/switch on /off the light/computer/TV.
• Owner-type - (pronounced AWE-NEHR) A Jeep-derived vehicle for private, non-commercial use.
• Pack Up - Used instead of "wrap up" when referring to movie sets, presentations, etc.
• Parlor - Hair salon, i.e. beauty parlor = beauty salon.
• Payola - Filipinos prefer to use this term when referring to bribes or payoffs.
• Payphone - Filipinos prefer to spell "pay phone" as one word.
• Pensionne - The usual spelling of pensione or pension.
• Pentel pen - A marker.
• Pershing cap - A service cap.
• Pistolized - An adjective to describe a long gun with its shoulder stock removed and replaced with a pistol grip.
• Polo shirt - A dress shirt.
• Practicumer - Refers to a student who participates in a course of study that involves the supervised practical application of previously studied theory; an intern. (Practicum - internship)
• Remembrance - A souvenir or memento.
• Restroom - Filipinos prefer to spell "rest room" as one word.
• Rotonda - Spanish loanword assimilated into many Filipino languages, meaning "rotary intersection," "roundabout," or "traffic circle." It should be noted that in Spanish the terms for "circle" or "rotary" are: "cruce giratorio;" "glorieta;" or "redondel."
• Rhum - This French word listed in Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the preferred spelling of rum in the Philippines. This variation in spelling is a little similar to "whiskey" (U.S. and Ireland) and "whisky" (Scotland and Canada).
• Rubber shoes - Sneakers or athletic shoes.
• Rugby - Rubber cement.
• Sala - A courtroom. Another word for living room. From Spanish.
• Salvage - A slang word for summary execution. The meaning evolved from frequent usage in sentences such as 'The corpse was salvaged from the Pasig river,' from the actual meaning: recovered or found. The victim would usually be a victim of summary execution. The word may also be related to the Spanish-derived Tagalog slang "sinalbahe" (literally "turned bad").

  Better Usage: 'The corpse of a salvaged person was found floating on the Pasig River.' The above sentence would mean the person was salvaged on the Pasig River. The Armalite AR-18. ... M16 (more formally United States Rifle, Caliber 5. ... CAR-15 is a common name applied to many carbine variants of the Colt AR-15 rifle (adopted by the USA as the M16 rifle) in both military and civilian service. ... CAR-15 is a common name applied to many carbine variants of the Colt AR-15 rifle (adopted by the USA as the M16 rifle) in both military and civilian service. ... Ballpoint pen, disassembled (top) and complete (bottom) A ballpoint pen (also eponymously known in British English as a biro and pronounced bye-row in Britain but sometimes bee-row elsewhere), is a modern writing instrument. ... This article is about the fruit. ... Within personnel selection, biographical data, or biodata is a method used to select candidates to fill jobs based on their previous work history, work preferences, work habits, and other background characteristics and interests. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Pornographic films are motion pictures that explicitly depict sexual intercourse and other sexual acts, typically for the purpose of sexual arousal in the viewer. ... The Philippine Military Academy (PMA) is the training school for future officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. ... This article is about the type of currency, for the U.S. Dollar see United States dollar. ... The peso is a unit of currency. ... USMA redirects here. ... Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India. ... One of a number of cafeterias at Electronic City campus, Infosys Technologies Ltd. ... Motor vehicle theft is a crime of theft. ... Carjacking is the crime of stealing a motor vehicle when the vehicle is occupied. ... ¢ c A United States cent, or 1¢ or a penny In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of various countries basic monetary units. ... Centavo is a Spanish word derived from the Latin Centum meaning hundred. It is a fractional monetary unit, used to represent one hundredth of a basic monetary unit in many countries around the world including: Argentina Bolivia Brazil Cape Verde Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guinea-Bissau... At the Treaty of Versailles signing, in 1919, the heads of state wore morning dress and lounge suits for informal meetings, but frock coats for formal daytime meetings. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. ... All You Can Eat is the third solo album by k. ... A Chinese Filipino (Simplified Chinese: 华菲; Traditional Chinese: 華菲; Hanyu Pinyin: Huáfēi; Hokkien: Huǎhūi; Cantonese: Waafei; Tagalog/Filipino: Tsinoy (pronounced ʧɪnɔj) derived from two words: Tsino (meaning Chinese) and Pinoy (the slang word for Filipino) is a person with Chinese blood born in the Philippines. ... Fish balls (Chinese: 魚蛋 or 魚丸 and sometimes written as 魚旦 at food stalls; Cantonese IPA: , Jyutping: jyu4 daan2; Mandarin Pinyin: ) is a common cooked food in southern China and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia, with its origin from the cuisine of the Chaoshan region in eastern Guangdong. ... Overpass in East Potomac Park, Washington, D.C. Flyover in Miami Beach, Florida An overpass (In UK, most Commonwealth countries flyover) is a bridge, road or similar structure that crosses over another road. ... A share taxi is a mode of transport that falls between private transport and conventional bus transport, with a fixed route, but the convenience of stopping anywhere to pick or drop passengers, etc. ... A transsexual (sometimes transexual) person establishes a permanent identity with the opposite gender to their assigned (usually at birth) sex. ... This articles is about cross-dressing in general, that is the act of wearing the clothing of another gender for any reason. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Gay rights in the Philippines. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Pith helmet of Harry S. Truman The Pith Helmet (also known as Sun helmet, Topee, or Topi) is a lightweight helmet made of cork or pith typically from the sola or a similar plant [1], with a cloth cover, designed to shade the wearers head from the sun. ... The Philippine Army (PA) is the ground arm of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP). ... The Philippine Constabulary (PC) was one of two national police forces of the Philippines and was organized in 1901 by the United States appointed administrative authority. ... The seal of the Deutsches Afrikakorps. ... Jeepneys are a popular means of public transportation in the Philippines. ... Jueteng (pronounced wet-teng) is an illegal numbers game played in the Philippines. ... For the person, see Larry Stewart (philanthropist). ... A love hotel sign in Ikebukuro Tokyo A love hotel sign in Shinjuku, Tokyo A love hotel (ラブホテル rabu hoteru) is an originally Japanese type of hotel offering privacy for a couple to have sex. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the book or movie Striptease see Striptease (book) and Striptease (movie) A striptease is a performance, usually a dance, in which the performer gradually removes their clothing for the purposes of sexually arousing the audience, usually performed in nightclubs. ... A nightclub (often dance club or club, particularly in the UK) is an entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark. ... For other uses, see Jeep (disambiguation). ... A pension is a family-owned owned guesthouse. ... The headquarters of Pentel, in Tokyo. ... A Selection of Felt-Tip-Pens. ... John Joseph Black Jack Pershing, GCB (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army. ... Gen. ... A long gun is a firearm with an extended barrel, usually designed to be fired braced against the shoulder. ... A Lacoste tennis shirt A polo shirt, originally called a tennis shirt and also known as a golf shirt, is a T-shaped shirt with a collar, (typically) two or three buttons down a slit below the collar, two small slits on the bottom of either side, and an optional... In American English, a dress shirt is a mens shirt with a collar, a full-length opening up the front from the collar to the hem, and full length sleeves with cuffs. ... Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ... A roundabout is a type of road junction at which traffic enters a one-way stream around a central island. ... Columbus Circle, New York City, NY; site of the first traffic circle in the United States completed in 1905 DeSoto Fountain sits in the center of a traffic circle in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. ... Caribbean rum, circa 1941 Rum is a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distillation. ... For other uses, see Whisky (disambiguation). ... ShoeGoo® brand rubber cement. ... A courtroom is the actual enclosed space in which a judge regularly holds court. ... For other uses, see Slang (disambiguation). ...

• Sari-Sari Store - Refers to a convenience store or booth. Sari-sari is Tagalog for "mixed variety," but the term is generally used in English communication. Sometimes called a "variety store" in the Canadian sense.
• Scalawag - A rogue police or military man.
• See-through fence - A chain link fence. Cyclone Wire fence - term used even in govt specifications
• Shooting - Used in the movie industry instead of "filming."
• Short-time - Used to describe a short-time stay (2 to 3 hours) at a love hotel for sex. Origin of the Tagalog syota which is slang for lover (romantic or sexual).

  Nota bene : "Syota" is from "bata" (with a Tagalog slang prefix "syo-." "Bata" is Tagalog for "child" but in Tagalog slang, = "boyfriend" or "girlfriend." Therefore, "Bata/Syota ko na siya." = "He/She is now my boy/girlfriend." A Chain link fence is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized steel wire. ... A love hotel sign in Ikebukuro Tokyo A love hotel sign in Shinjuku, Tokyo A love hotel (ラブホテル rabu hoteru) is an originally Japanese type of hotel offering privacy for a couple to have sex. ... Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ...

• Slippers - Flip flops.
• Softdrink - Filipinos prefer to spell "soft drink" as one word.
• Step-in - Stylish ladies' sandals minus the strap.
• Stow away - To run away from home.
• Subdivision - A gated community.
• Tablea - Chocolate in the form of a roll, usually used for making Spanish-style thick hot chocolate. This comes from the Filipino word "tabliya," which in turn comes from the Spanish word "tablilla."
• The other day - Used specifically to refer to the "day before yesterday" (from the Tagalog expression "noong isang araw").
• Thrice - Three times. While it is also used in other forms of English, it is much more prevalent in Philippine English. Very few Filipinos use "three times."
• Toga - Refers to the commencement/graduation gown.
• Tomboy - A boyish lesbian. A "tomboy" is almost always presumed to be a lesbian, although the word is rarely used for feminine-looking lesbians.
• Traffic - Implies a traffic jam, or heavy traffic. In the Phils, often used as an adjective, referring to heavy traffic volume.
• University belt - A part of the Philippine capital Manila, which has a large number of colleges. Also called "u-belt." This term is similar to American terms such as: "bible belt," "farm belt," "rust belt," and "sunbelt."
• Village - A gated community.
• Xerox - as noun, it means a photocopier; as verb, to make a photocopy of.
• Yaya - This word means grandmother in Spain (Albacete, Aragon), but in the Philippines it means nanny. It is also possible that is an adopted Hindi word (aya) for nanny. Strictly not an English word, often used out of a lack of a better term.

Entrance to a guard-gated community (Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of the University belt showing the different universities. ... Entrance to a guard-gated community (Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico). ... A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in their -- the childs -- home. ... Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken mainly in North and Central India. ... A nanny is a person who looks after the child or children of one family in their -- the childs -- home. ...

Phonology

Among mother-tongue speakers, the phonology of Philippine English almost completely resembles that of the North American variant (thus, Philippine English is a rhotic accent), while the speech of those who are not native speakers is influenced to varying degrees by Tagalog and other indigenous Philippine languages. Since many English phonemes are not found in most Philippine languages, pronunciation approximations are extremely common. Note: This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... First language (native language, mother tongue) is the language a person learns first. ... English phonology is the study of the phonology (ie the sound system) of the English language. ...

Some examples of non-native pronunciation include:

• Awry = ['awe-ree]
• Filipino = [pili'pino] or [pʰili'pʰino]
• Victor = [bik'tor]
• Family = ['pɐmili] or ['pʰamili]
• Varnish = ['barnis]
• Fun = [pɐn] or [pʰan]
• Vehicle = ['bɛhikel] or ['bɛhikol]
• Lover = ['lɐber] or loob-er
• Find = ['pɐjnd] or ['pʰɐjnd]
• Official = [o'pisʲɐl] or [o'pʰisʲɐl]
• Very = ['bɛri] or ['bejri]
• Guidon = [gi'don]
• Hamburger = ['hɐmburdzʲɐr]
• High-tech = ['hajtɛts]
• Hubcap = [hab'cab]
• Margarine = [mɐrgɐ'rin]
• Seattle = ['shatel]
• Shako = [sha'koo]

The above list applies mainly to Tagalog speakers; a number of other indigenous languages employ phonemes such as [f], [v], and [z]. It should also be noted that this form of mispronunciation, caused by the limited sound inventories of most Philippine languages compared to English (which has more than 40 phonemes), is generally frowned upon by Anglophone Filipinos, in particular, and businesses dealing with international clients.

History

Although the first exposure to English was in 1762 to 1764 when the British invaded Manila, English from that time never had any lasting influence. English was assimilated when the United States took over the Philippines. In 1898, Spain ceded control of the Philippines to the United States under the Treaty of Paris, and thereafter the Americans controlled the Philippines until it gained its independence in 1946. By the time of the Japanese occupation of World War II, English had become so entrenched as an official language that official proclamations and currency were issued in English as well as Japanese and Tagalog. The Americans established a system of public education wherein English was used as the main language of instruction. After independence, the Philippine government continued public education in English, while simultaneously establishing Filipino as its national language. A parallel system of private schools, many of which were established by the Catholic and the Protestant churches, follows the dual-language system, although private schools tend to use English more than Filipino in their instruction. 1762 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Industries based on English

The abundant supply of English speakers and competitive labor costs have enabled the Philippines to become a choice destination for foreign companies wishing to establish call centers and other outsourcing operations. English proficiency sustains a major call center industry, and as of 2005, America Online (AOL) has 1,000 people in what used to be the US Air Force's Clark Air Base in Angeles City answering ninety percent of their global e-mail inquiries. Citibank does its global ATM programming in the country, and Procter & Gamble has over 400 employees in Makati, a Manila suburb, doing back office work for their Asian operations including finance, accounting, Human Resources and payments processing. See Call center industry in the Philippines A call centre (Commonwealth English) or call center (AmE) is a centralised office of a company that answers incoming telephone calls from customers or that makes outgoing telephone calls to customers (telemarketing). ... Outsourcing is subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Clark Air Base, 1975. ... Citibank is a major international bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York. ... Procter & Gamble Co. ... Makati City is one of the most important cities in the Philippines in terms of finance and commerce. ... Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, center, is escorted by Michael Dell, left, Chairman and Founder of Dell Inc, and Michael Garrison, right, Dell Philippines Country Manager, as she tours the facilities of its outsourcing branch during its opening at the Mall of Asia. ...

An influx of foreign students, principally from Korea, has also lead to growth in the number of English language centers, especially in Metro Manila, Baguio City and Metro Cebu. This article is about the Korean civilization. ... ESL redirects here. ... For the capital city of the Philippines, see Manila. ... For the article on the Province of Cebu, see Cebu Province. ...

See also

• Education in the Philippines
• English language learning and teaching
• Englog (Konyo English), English-Tagalog codeswitching based on English
• Filipino language, the other official language of the Philippines
• Formal written English
• History of the Philippines
• Philippine Literature in English
• Regional accents of English speakers
• Special English
• Taglish, Tagalog-English codeswitching based on Tagalog
• Moroccan Arabic, a language that borrows many words from romance languages
• Tunisian Arabic, an Arabic dialect that does the same as its Moroccan counterpart

Education in the Philippines has a similar system to that of the United States, as the Philippines was colonized by the Americans from 1898 to 1945. ... ESL redirects here. ... 58. ... Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternation between one or more languages, dialects, or language registers in the course of discourse between people who have more than one language in common. ... Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is the national and an official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. ... Note: this article may be of particular interest to non-native users of English. ... The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... Philippine literature in English has its roots in the efforts of the United States, which had been engaged in a war with Filipino nationalist forces at the end of the 19th century, to establish in the country a government based on the ideals of universality, practicality, and democracy. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Special English is a simplified version of the English language first used on October 19, 1959 and presently employed by the United States broadcasting service Voice of America in daily broadcasts. ... Taglish, a portmanteau of the words Tagalog and English, is an informal dialect of Tagalog in the Philippines that infuses English terms. ... Moroccan Arabic, also known as Darija, is the language spoken in the Arabic-speaking areas of Morocco, as opposed to the official communications of governmental and other public bodies which use Modern Standard Arabic, as is the case in most Arabic-speaking countries, while a mixture of French and Moroccan... The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... Tunisian Arabic is a Maghrebi dialect of the Arabic language, spoken by some 9 million people. ... The Arabic language is classified as a Semitic language. ...

External links

• The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines, by Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, with sections on Philippine English
• Philippine English, by Tom McArthur.
• Reinstatement of English as a medium of instruction by the Department of Education
• English proficiency in Cebu

v • d • e Languages of the Philippines National language Filipino Official languages English • Filipino Recognized regional languages Bikol • Cebuano • Hiligaynon • Ilokano • Kapampangan • Kinaray-a • Maguindanao • Maranao • Pangasinan • Tagalog • Tausug • Waray-Waray Recognized auxiliary languages Arabic • Spanish Language groups Borneo-Philippines {Central Philippine (Bikol {Inland • Pandan} • Visayan {Aklan • Bisakol}) • (Batanic • Sambalic)}