NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Philippines

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Philippines Portal

The Philippines (Filipino: Pilipinas), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas; RP), is an archipelagic nation located in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. The Philippine archipelago comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean, bordering countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Palau, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Vietnam. The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country with a population approaching 90 million people.^[3]^[5] Its national economy is the 37th largest in the world with a 2006 gross domestic product (GDP) of over US$117.562 billion.^[5] There are more than 11 million overseas Filipinos worldwide, the largest diaspora networks in the world, about 11% of the total population of the Philippines. Terneuzen is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Philippines. ... Bandila redirects here. ... The Coat of Arms of the Philippines features the eight-rayed sun of the Philippines with each ray representing the first eight provinces (Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Cavite) which rebelled against Spanish rule, and the three five-pointed stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... When the national anthem was first played, this was the flag displayed to the Filipino people. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Not to be confused with capitol. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Quezon City Coordinates: 14Â°38 N, 121Â°2 E Country Philippines Region National Capital Region Districts 1st to 4th districts of Quezon City Barangays 142 Incorporated (town) October 12, 1939 (as Balintawak) Incorporated (city) October 12, 1939 Government - Mayor Feliciano Sonny... An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country, be it may be a small area, a federal state or province, or a wider area. ... Bicolano or Bikol is an Austronesian language used in the Philippines particularly on the Bicol Peninsula on the island of Luzon. ... Cebuano, also known as Sinugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). ... To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article, select from the in other languages Ilokano (variants: Ilocano, Iluko, Iloco, and Iloko) is the third most-spoken language of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Hiligaynon language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Hiligaynon (or Ilonggo) is an Austronesian language spoken in Western Visayas in the Philippines. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan: salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense) belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. ... Tagalog (pronounced ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... WÃ¡ray-WÃ¡ray or WarÃ¡y (commonly spelled as Waray; also referred to as Winaray or L(in)eyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte (eastern portion), and Biliran in the Philippines. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Pinoy is a demonym used by Filipinos for their compatriots in the Philippines and around the world. ... A map showing the unitary states. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections Chairman: Resurreccion Z. Borra 2013 | 2010 | 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The President of the... Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947), also known by her initials G.M.A., is the 14th and current president of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections Chairman:Jose Melo 2013 | 2010 | 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Vice President of the... Manuel Noli Leuterio De Castro, Jr. ... The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... The proclamation of the independence of the Philippines from Spain by General Emilio Aguinaldo on June 12, 1898 as depicted on the back of the old 5-peso bill. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Tydings-McDuffie Act (officially the Philippine Independence Act; Public Law 73-127) approved on March 24, 1934 was a United States federal law which provided for self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence (from the United States) after a period of ten years. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals Â· Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals Â· Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections Chairman: Resurreccion Z. Borra 2013 | 2010 | 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas Politics Portal The Constitution of the... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year 1987. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 kmÂ² and 1,000,000 kmÂ². ... This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ... Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/kmÂ². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ... PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ... There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ... Look up Per capita in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ... World map of GDP (Nominal and PPP). ... Look up Per capita in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Map of countries by 2006 GDP (nominal) per capita (IMF, October 2007). ... Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ... This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ... This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ... ISO 4217 Code PHP User(s) Philippines Inflation 2. ... Image File history File links PhilippinePeso. ... ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Philippine Standard Time (PST) is the name used in the Philippines to describe its location among the worlds time zones. ... UTC redirects here. ... A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ... .ph is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Philippines. ... This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ... Extelcom: 973 Globe TelecomÂ¹: 906, 915, 916, 917, 926, 927 Next Mobile (Nextel): 979 Smart CommunicationsÂ²: 910, 912, 918, 919, 920, 921, 928, 929 Sun Cellular: 922 Â¹: Includes Globe Gizmo (postpaid/prepaid), Globe Handyphone (postpaid/prepaid), Globe Platinum (postpaid) and Touch Mobile (prepaid) Â²: Includes Addict Mobile (postpaid/prepaid), Smart Buddy... Arabic redirects here. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... The Mergui Archipelago The Archipelago Sea, situated between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland, the largest archipelago in the world by the number of islands. ... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... GDP redirects here. ... USD redirects here. ... An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives and works outside the Philippines. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ...

The Philippines was settled mostly by Malayo-Polynesian-speaking peoples. The Philippines became a Spanish colony in the 16th century, and an American territory at the beginning of the 20th century. The Katipunan led the Philippine Revolution of 1896 that won independence from Spain. The U.S. occupation of the Philippines during the Spanish-American War led to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War. The Philippines gained its independence from the United States on July 4, 1946 after the Pacific War (the Second World War) via the Treaty of Manila. Martial law was declared in 1972 by Ferdinand Marcos. The assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr. led to the People Power Revolution of 1986 that overthrew authoritarian rule. Political upheavals and corruption scandals alternated with the peaceful transition of power during the period that followed the restoration of democracy.^[2] The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages used by some 351 million speakers. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892, which aimed to gain independence from Spain. ... Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896â€”1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey MÃ¡ximo GÃ³mez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado RamÃ³n Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000... Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Pacific War (disambiguation). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Battlespace Weapons Tactics Strategy Organization Logistics Lists War Portal For other uses, see Martial law (disambiguation). ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel EdralÃn Marcos (September 11, 1917 â€“ September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ...

Modern Philippines has many affinities with the Western world, derived mainly from the cultures of Spain, Latin America, and the United States. Roman Catholicism is the country's predominant religion, although pre-Hispanic indigenous religious practices still exist; there are also followers of Islam.^[7] Spanish was an official language of the Philippines until 1973. Since then, the two official national languages are Filipino and English.^[2] Occident redirects here. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Spanish was the first official language of the Philippines since the conquest by Spain in the 16th century. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

1 Etymology
2 History
3 Politics and government
4 Administrative divisions
5 Geography
6 Economy
7 Demographics
8 Culture
9 See also
10 References
11 External links

Etymology

The name Philippines and its Spanish counterpart, Filipinas, are derived from the name of Phillip II, the King of Spain in the late 16th century.^[8] Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos used the name Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the then-Crown Prince during his expedition to the Philippines, originally referring to the islands of Leyte and Samar. Despite the presence of other names, the name Filipinas was eventually adopted as the name of the entire archipelago.^[8] Philip II (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) (May 21, 1527 â€“ September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen Provinces (holding various titles for the individual territories... The Spanish monarchy, referred to as the Crown of Spain (Corona de España) in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, is the office of the King or Queen of Spain. ... Ruy LÃ³pez de Villalobos (b. ... Las Islas Filipinas is the Spanish name for The Philippine Islands. ... This article is about the island. ... Samar is an island in the Visayas, which is in the central Philippines. ...

History

Main article: History of the Philippines

Archeological and paleontological discoveries show that Homo sapiens existed in Palawan circa 50,000 BC. The aboriginal people of the Philippines, the Negritos, are an Australo-Melanesian people, which arrived in the Philippines at least 30,000 years ago. The Austronesians, who originated from populations of Taiwanese aboriginals that migrated from mainland Asia approximately 6000 years ago, colonized the Philippine islands and eventually migrated to Indonesia, Malaysia and, soon after, to the Polynesian islands and Madagascar.^{[citation needed]} The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... Paleontology, palaeontology or palÃ¦ontology (from Greek: paleo, ancient; ontos, being; and logos, knowledge) is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. ... Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man) is the scientific name for the human species. ... Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the Mimaropa region. ... Ati woman Negrito refers a dwindling ethnic group which is now restricted to parts of Southeast Asia. ... Austronesian can refer to: The Austronesian people The Austronesian languages Austronesia, refers to the homeland of the people who speak Austronesian languages. ... A Rukai villege Chief visiting Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... Carving from the ridgepole of a MÄori house, ca 1840 Polynesia (from Greek: Ï€Î¿Î»ÏÏ‚ many, Î½á¿†ÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ island) is a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. ...

The Philippines had cultural ties with Malaysia, Indonesia, India in ancient times, and trade relations with China and Japan as early as the 9th century. As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...

Islam was brought to the Philippines by traders and proselytizers from Malaysia and Indonesia. The Islamization of the Philippines is due to the strength of then-Muslim India.^[9] By the 13th century, Islam was established in the Sulu Archipelago and spread from there to Mindanao; it had reached the Manila area by 1565. Muslim converts established Islamic communities and states ruled by rajas or sultans. However, no Islamic state exercised sovereignty over much of the archipelago, and the indigenous maritime and agricultural societies ruled by datus or apos remained autonomous. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, the majority of the estimated 500,000 people in the islands lived in independent settlements called 'barangay' or networks of settlements. For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The English language word proselytism is derived ultimately from the Greek language prefix pros (towards) and the verb erchomai (to come). ... Sulu Archipelago is an island chain in the southwest Philippines. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Raja (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Sultan (disambiguation). ... Datu or datto is the title for ancient tribal chieftains and monarchs in pre-Hispanic Philippines. ... APO refers to: Apo; Acting Pilot Officer the lowest Commissioned Officer rank in the Royal Air Force; Army Post Office, the United States armed forces postal service; Alpha Phi Omega, service fraternity existing in both the United States and the Philippines (co-ed on most campuses); Apache Point Observatory (New...

The Banaue Rice Terraces, they are part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, ancient sprawling man-made structures from 2,000 to 6,000 years old, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

In the service of Spain, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew started their voyage on September 20, 1519. Magellan sighted Samar on March 17, 1521, on the next day, they reached Homonhon. They reached the island of Limasawa on March 28, 1521 where the first Mass in the Philippines was celebrated on March 31, 1521.^[8] Magellan arrived at Cebu on April 7, 1521, befriending Rajah Humabon and converting his family and 700 other Cebuanos to Christianity.^[8] However, Magellan would later be killed in the Battle of Mactan by indigenous warriors led by Lapu-Lapu, a fierce rival of Humabon. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1157x791, 600 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Southeast Asia Banaue Rice Terraces ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1157x791, 600 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Southeast Asia Banaue Rice Terraces ... Panoramic view of the Banaue Rice Terraces The Banaue Rice Terraces are 2000-year old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao in the Philippines by ancestors of the Batad indigenous people. ... For the Presidential railcar named Ferdinand Magellan, see Ferdinand Magellan Railcar. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 4 - HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s lands in Mexico. ... For other uses, please see Samar (disambiguation). ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Homonhon Island is an island in the province of Eastern Samar, Philippines, on the west side of Leyte Gulf. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... For other uses of Mass, see Mass (disambiguation). ... is the 90th day of the year (91st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... For other uses, see Cebu (disambiguation). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Events January 3 - Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem. ... Rajah Humabon was the main Raja of Cebu island in the Philippines at the time of Ferdinand Magellans arrival in the archipelago in 1521. ... Combatants Explorers in the service of Spain Visayan natives of Mactan Commanders Ferdinand Magellanâ€ Lapu-Lapu Strength 49 men including Magellan on shore, at least 11 others in boats 1,500+(controversial account by pigafetta) 200+ is more accurate because the population then was really small and the barangay then... Image:Lapulapumanila. ...

The beginnings of colonization started to take form when Philip II of Spain ordered successive expeditions. Miguel López de Legazpi arrived from Mexico in 1565 and formed the first Spanish settlements in Cebu. In 1571 he established Manila as the capital of the new Spanish colony.^[10] Philip II (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ) (May 21, 1527 â€“ September 13, 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, King of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England (as husband of Mary I) from 1554 to 1558, Lord of the Seventeen Provinces (holding various titles for the individual territories... Miguel LÃ³pez de Legazpi (1502 - August 20, 1572, Manila), also known as El Adelantado (The Governor) and El Viejo (The Elder), was a Spanish conquistador who established the first colony in the Philippine Islands in 1565. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... Flag A map of the Spanish East Indies Capital Manila (Cebu until 1595, Bacolor 1762-1763, Iloilo 1898) Language(s) Spanish Religion Roman Catholicism Political structure Colony Monarch - 1565-1598 Philip II - 1896-1898 Alfonso XIII Governor-General - 1565-1572 Miguel LÃ³pez de Legazpi - 1898 Diego de los R...

Model of a Philippine-built ship used for trading around the archipelago before the arrival of the Spanish.

Spanish rule brought political unification to an archipelago of previously independent islands and communities that later became the Philippines, and introduced elements of western civilization such as the code of law, printing and the calendar^[11]. The Philippines was ruled as a territory of New Spain from 1565 to 1821, but after Mexican independence it was administered directly from Madrid. During that time numerous towns were founded, infrastructures built, new crops and livestock introduced, and trade flourished. The Manila Galleon which linked Manila to Acapulco once or twice a year beginning in the late 16th century, carried silk, spices, ivory and porcelain to America and silver on the return trip to the Philippines. The Spanish military fought off various indigenous revolts and several external threats, especially from the British, Chinese pirates, Dutch, and Portuguese. Roman Catholic missionaries converted most of the inhabitants to Christianity, and founded numerous schools, universities and hospitals. In 1863 a Spanish decree introduced public education, creating free public schooling in Spanish ^[12]. For alternative meanings for The West in the United States, see the U.S. West and American West. ... A civil code is a systematic compilation of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of private law. ... For other uses, see Print. ... For the calendar of religious holidays and periods, see liturgical year. ... map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... A painting of a Spanish galleon. ... For other uses, see Acapulco (disambiguation). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Topics in Christianity Preaching Prayer Ecumenism Relation to other religions Movements Music Liturgy Calendar Symbols Art Criticism Christianity Portal This box: Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... // Public spending on education in 2005 Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the government, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by taxes. ...

Flag	Pambansang Watawat
Anthem	"Lupang Hinirang"
Patriotic Song	"Pilipinas Kong Mahal", "Bayan Ko"
Gem	South Sea pearls
Dance	Cariñosa
Animal	Carabao
Bird	Philippine Eagle
Fish	Milkfish (Bangus)
Flower	Arabian Jasmine (Sampaguita)
Tree	Angsana (Narra)
Leaf	Fan palm (Banahaw)
Fruit	Mango (Mangga)
Sport	Sipa
House	Nipa hut (Bahay kubo)
Costume	Barong and Baro't saya
Hero	José Rizal

The Propaganda Movement, which included Philippine nationalist José Rizal, then a student studying in Spain, soon developed on the Spanish mainland. This was done in order to inform the government of the injustices of the administration in the Philippines as well as the abuses of the friars. In the 1880s and the 1890s, the propagandists clamored for political and social reforms, which included demands for greater representation in Spain. Unable to gain the reforms, Rizal returned to the country, and pushed for the reforms locally. Rizal was subsequently arrested, tried, and executed for treason on December 30, 1896. Earlier that year, the Katipunan, led by Andrés Bonifacio, had already started a revolution, which was eventually continued by Emilio Aguinaldo, who established a revolutionary government, although the Spanish governor general Fernando Primo de Rivera proclaimed the revolution over in May 17, 1897.^[13] Bandila redirects here. ... When the national anthem was first played, this was the flag displayed to the Filipino people. ... Pilipinas Kong Mahal (Tagalog) Ang bayan koy tanging ikaw Pilipinas Kong Mahal Ang puso ko at buhay man. ... Bayan Ko (Tagalog My Country) is one of the most recognizable patriotic songs in the Philippines that, because of its popularity, is sometimes assumed to be a folk song and the unofficial national anthem of the Philippines. ... For other uses, see Pearl (disambiguation). ... CariÃ±osa (IPA: ) is a flirtatious Philippine group dance in the Maria Clara suite of Philippine folk dances where the fan or handkerchief plays an instrumental role as it places the couple in a hard-to-get romance scenario. ... Binomial name Bubalus bubalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Trinomial name Bubalus bubalis carabanesis The carabao (Filipino: kalabaw; Malay: kerbau) or is a domesticated subspecies of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) found in the Philippines, Guam, and various parts of Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name Ogilvie-Grant, 1896 The Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) is one of the rarest, largest and most powerful birds in the world. ... Binomial name (ForsskÃ¥l, 1775) The milkfish, Chanos chanos, is an important food fish in Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name (L.) Aiton Jasminum sambac (syn. ... Binomial name Pterocarpus indicus Willd. ... Species See text The genus Livistona is a genus of 28 species of palms (family Arecaceae), native to southern Asia and Australasia. ... Species About 35 species, including: Mangifera altissima Mangifera applanata Mangifera caesia Mangifera camptosperma Mangifera casturi Mangifera decandra Mangifera foetida Mangifera gedebe Mangifera griffithii Mangifera indica Mangifera kemanga Mangifera laurina Mangifera longipes Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera mekongensis Mangifera odorata Mangifera pajang Mangifera pentandra Mangifera persiciformis Mangifera quadrifida Mangifera siamensis Mangifera similis Mangifera... Sipa is the Philippines national and traditional native sport which dates backs to the Pre-Hispanic period. ... The Nipa hut (Bahay Kubo) is the national house of the Philippines. ... A painting of Ramon Magsaysay, the first Philippine President to wear a barong in an official portrait A barong Tagalog (or simply barong) is an embroidered formal garment of the Philippines. ... A painting of Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in a barot saya Barot saya is the national dress of the Philippines. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... José Rizal José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda (June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896) is the national hero of the Philippines. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892, which aimed to gain independence from Spain. ... This article is about the person AndrÃ©s Bonifacio. ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 â€“ February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... Fernando Primo de Rivera, also known in English by the name Prime Fernando of Creek and Sobremonte (1831-1921), was a Spanish politician and soldier. ... is the 137th day of the year (138th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

The Spanish-American War began in Cuba in 1898 and soon reached the Philippines when Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish squadron at Manila Bay. Aguinaldo declared the independence of the Philippines on June 12, 1898, and was proclaimed head of state. As a result of its defeat, Spain was forced to officially cede the Philippines, together with Cuba (made an independent country, the US in charge of foreign affairs), Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. In 1899 the First Philippine Republic was proclaimed in Malolos, Bulacan but was later dissolved by the US forces, leading to the Philippine-American War between the United States and the Philippine revolutionaries, which continued the violence of the previous years. The US proclaimed the war ended when Aguinaldo was captured by American troops on March 23, 1901, but the struggle continued until 1913 claiming the lives of over a million Filipinos^[14] ^[15]. The country's status as a territory changed when it became the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, which provided for more self-governance. Plans for increasing independence over the next decade were interrupted during World War II when Japan invaded and occupied the islands. After the Japanese were defeated in 1945, returned to the Filipino and American forces in the Liberation of the Philippines from 1944 to 1945, the Philippines was granted independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.^[2] Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey MÃ¡ximo GÃ³mez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado RamÃ³n Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000... George Dewey (December 26, 1837 â€“ January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory (without the loss of a single life of his own forces due to combat; one man died of a heart attack) at the Battle of Manila Bay during the... There have been a number of naval battles that occurred in Manila Bay. ... is the 163rd day of the year (164th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Flag Anthem: Himno Nacional Filipina Location of Filipinas in Asia Capital Bacoor, Cavite Malolos, Bulacan January 23, 1899-March 29, 1899 San Isidro, Nueva Ecija March 29, 1899-May 9, 1899 Palanan, Isabela September 6, 1900-March 23, 1901 Language(s) Spanish (official), Tagalog Government Republic President - 1898-1901 Emilio... Malolos (Pop. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bulacan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Malolos City Founded: 1572 Population: 2000 censusâ€”2,234,088 (4th largest) Densityâ€”851 per kmÂ² (5th highest) Area: 2,625. ... Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ... Anthem Lupang Hinirang Location of the Philippines in Asia Capital Manila Â¹ Language(s) Pilipino, English, Spanish Government Republic President - 1935-1944 Manuel L. Quezon - 1944-1946 Sergio OsmeÃ±a - 1946 Manuel Roxas Vice President - 1935-1944 Sergio OsmeÃ±a - 1946 Elpidio Quirino Historical era American colonization - Philippine Independence Act March... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The ensign of Imperial Japanese Navy was a prominent symbol of Imperial Japan. ... Combatants the Philippines, United States Japan Commanders Douglas MacArthur/ Jonathan M. Wainwright Masaharu Homma Strength About 150,000 120,000 Casualties 2,500 killed in action; 10,000 POWs killed/died during Bataan Death March 5,000 wounded 100,000 POWs total 1,200 killed; 500 missing in action 1... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A late 19th century photograph of leaders of the Propaganda Movement: José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce.

Since 1946, the newly independent Philippine state has faced political instability with various rebel groups. The late 1960s and early 1970s saw economic development that was second in Asia, next to Japan. Ferdinand Marcos was, then, the elected president. Barred from seeking a third term, Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972, under the guise of increased political instability and resurgent Communist and Muslim insurgencies, and ruled the country by decree. Image File history File links B155. ... Image File history File links B155. ... Ferdinand Emmanuel EdralÃn Marcos (September 11, 1917 â€“ September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged creation of law by a single person or group, and is used primarily by dictators and absolute monarchs. ...

Upon returning from exile, opposition leader Benigno Aquino, Jr. was assassinated on August 21, 1983. In January 1986, Marcos allowed for a snap election, after large protests. The election was believed to be fraudulent, and resulted in a standoff between military mutineers and the military loyalists. Protesters supported the mutineers, and were accompanied by resignations of prominent cabinet officials. Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino, Jr., was the recognized winner of the snap election. She took over the government, and called for a constitutional convention to draft a new constitution, after the People Power Revolution. Marcos, his family and some of his allies fled to Hawaii.^[16] This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... Presidential and vice-presidential snap elections were held on February 7, 1986 in the Philippines. ... Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (born January 25, 1933), widely known as Cory Aquino, was President of the Philippines from 1986 to 1992. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The EDSA Revolution, also referred to as the People Power Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986, was a mostly nonviolent mass demonstration in the Philippines. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

The return of democracy and government reforms after the events of 1986 were hampered by massive national debt, government corruption, coup attempts, a communist insurgency, and a Muslim separatist movement. The economy improved during the administration of Fidel V. Ramos, who was elected in 1992.^[17] However, the economic improvements were negated at the onset of the East Asian financial crisis in 1997. The 2001 EDSA Revolution led to the downfall of the following president, Joseph Estrada. The current administration of president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has been hounded by allegations of corruption and election rigging.^[18] Fidel Valdez Ramos (born March 18, 1928) was the 12th President of the Philippines. ... The East Asian financial crisis was a period of economic unrest that started in July 1997 in Thailand and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices in several Asian countries, many considered East Asian Tigers. ... The 2001 EDSA Revolution, also called by the local media as EDSA II (pronounced as Edsa dos) or the Second People Power Revolution, is the common name of the four-day popular revolution that peacefully overthrew Philippine president Joseph Estrada in January 2001. ... Joseph EjÃ©rcito Estrada, more popularly known as Erap (born JosÃ© Marcelo EjÃ©rcito on April 19, 1937), is a popular former film actor in the Philippines and was the 13th President of the Philippines from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001. ... Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born April 5, 1947), also known by her initials G.M.A., is the 14th and current president of the Republic of the Philippines. ... The crisis first became public on June 6, 2005 with the press conference held by Presidential Press Secretary Ignacio Bunye. ...

Politics and government

Main article: Politics of the Philippines

See also: Foreign relations of the Philippines, President of the Philippines, and Constitution of the Philippines

Further information: Armed Forces of the Philippines

Encyclopedia > Philippines > Transnational-issues

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