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Encyclopedia > Phosphatidylinositol
Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol
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Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol

Phosphatidylinositol (abbreviated PtdIns, or PI) is a minor phospholipid component of eukaryotic cell membranes. Phosphatidylinositol is a class of phospholipid, which is made up of glycerol, fatty acid and the base is replaced by a hexahydric alcohol namely inositol. This hexahydric alcohol exists as its stereoisomer - myo-inositol. Upon hydrolysis, they yield 1 mole of glycerol, 2 moles of fatty acid, 1 mole of inositol and 1,2, or 3 moles of phosphoric acids. They are regarded to be the most acidic of all the phospholipids. It is however the substrate for a large number of enzymes which are involved in cell signalling. Image File history File linksMetadata Phosphatidylinositol. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Phosphatidylinositol. ... Two schematic representations of a phospholipid. ... Drawing of a cell membrane A component of every biological cell, the cell membrane (or plasma membrane) is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that encapsulate the cell. ... In biology, signal transduction is any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. ...


See also

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is the product of both the class II and III phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) activity on Phosphatidylinositol. ...


Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate


Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate


Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, it is however an important second messenger. ...


Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, it however is important in distinguishing cell compartments. ...


Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. ...


Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate Chemical structure of sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) commonly abbreviated to PIP3 is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) activity on Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. ...


PI 3-kinase Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases or PI3Ks) are a family of related enzymes that are capable of phosphorylating the 3 position hydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)[1]. The various 3-phosphorylated phosphoinositides that are produced by PI 3-kinases (PtdIns3P, PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns...


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  Results from FactBites:
 
Phosphatidylinositol and related lipids: structure, composition, biochemistry, and analysis (1995 words)
Phosphatidylinositol is an important lipid, both as a key membrane constituent and as a participant in essential metabolic processes in all plants and animals (and in some bacteria (actinomycetes)), both directly and via a number of metabolites.
More importantly, phosphatidylinositol and the phosphatidylinositol phosphates are the main source of diacylglycerols that serve as signalling molecules in animal and plant cells, via the action of a family of highly specific enzymes collectively known as phospholipase C (see our web pages on diacylglycerols).
Phosphatidylinositol is phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 mainly of the inositol ring, although more recently it has become evident that position 3 can be phosphorylated also by a specific kinase.
pyritinol and phosphatidylinositol in cognitive function (229 words)
on receptor deficits and phosphatidylinositol metabolism in the brain of the aged mouse.
Additionally, the effect of pyritinol on phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism was investigated in dissociated neurones from young and aged mice.
Muscarinic-cholinergic induced accumulation of phosphatidylinositol and the inositol phosphate response due to activation of G-protein by fluoride was increased in aged animals, treated with drug.
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