A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds. There are 11 families of PDEs, namely PDE1-PDE11. Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. ... In chemistry and biology, catalysis (in Greek meaning to annul) is the acceleration of the rate of a chemical reaction by means of a substance, called a catalyst, that is itself unchanged chemically by the overall reaction. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... Diagram of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides A phosphodiester bond is a group of strong covalent bonds between the phosphorus atom in a phosphate group and two other molecules over two ester bonds. ...
PDEs are responsible for the degradation of the cyclic nucleotidescAMP and cGMP. They are therefore important regulators of signal transduction mediated by these molecules. A cyclic nucleotide is any nucleotide in which the phosphate group is bonded to two of the sugars hydroxyl groups, forming a cyclical or ring structure. ... Structure of cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3-5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ... Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger derived from GTP. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). ... In biology, signal transduction is any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another. ...
Inhibitors of PDE can prolong or enhance the effects of physiological processes mediated by these cyclic nucleotides. Please see cGMP-specific PDE5 and PDE5 inhibitor for more details. A phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a drug that blocks one or more of the five subtypes of the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). ... Image:PDE5 1. ... A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, often shortened to PDE5 inhibitor, is a drug used to block the degradative action of phosphodiesterase type 5 on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying the corpus cavernosum of the penis. ...
Type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) inhibitors have been shown to stimulate bone formation in vivo and to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation in vitro.
Under normal physiological conditions, cyclic AMP is rapidly degraded by a family of enzymes known as cyclic nucleotidephosphodiesterases (PDE).
As the proportion of colonies expressing alkaline phosphatase remained fairly constant throughout, it seems likely that the increase differentiation is due to an increase in the recruitment of precursor cells rather than a direct effect on differentiation.
Phosphorylation of an inhibitory subunit of cGMPphosphodiesterase in Rana catesbeiana rod photoreceptors.
The Regulation of the cGMP-binding cGMPPhosphodiesterase by Proteins That Are Immunologically Related to gamma Subunit of the Photoreceptor cGMPPhosphodiesterase
The Catalytic and GAF Domains of the Rod cGMPPhosphodiesterase (PDE6) Heterodimer Are Regulated by Distinct Regions of Its Inhibitory gamma Subunit
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