Undeveloped Arista black and white film, ISO 125/22°.

Photographic film is a sheet of plastic (polyester, celluloid (nitrocellulose) or cellulose acetate) coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive silver halide salts (bonded by gelatin) with variable crystal sizes that determine the sensitivity and resolution of the film. When the emulsion is subjected to sufficient exposure to light (or other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays), it forms a latent (invisible) image. Chemical processes can then be applied to the film to create a visible image, in a process called film developing. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Film speed is the measure of a photographic films sensitivity to light. ... Household items made out of plastic. ... SEM picture of a bend in a high surface area polyester fiber with a seven-lobed cross section Polyester is a category of polymers, or, more specifically condensation polymers, which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. ... Celluloid is the name of a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents, generally regarded to be the first thermoplastic. ... Cellulose acetate, first prepared in 1865, is the acetate ester of cellulose. ... A. Two immisicble liquids, not emulsified; B. An emulsion of Phase B dispersed in Phase A; C. The unstable emulsion progressively separates; D. The surfactant (purple outline) positions itself on the interfaces between Phase A and Phase B, stabilizing the emulsion An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable... A silver halide is one of the compounds formed between silver and one of the halogens, usually silver bromide (AgBr), silver chloride (AgCl) and silver iodide (AgI). ... Gelatin (also gelatine) is a translucent brittle solid substance, colorless or slightly yellow, nearly tasteless and odorless, which is created by prolonged boiling of animal skin, connective tissue or bones. ... Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. ... Hahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahaahahhhahhhahaahhhahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahaahhaaahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahhahahahhahahahhahahahahahhahahahhahahahhahahahhahahahahahahahahahhahahaahhaahahhaahhahaahahahahhahaahahsahahahahahshhsshshshagagaggagagagagagaggagagahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahhahahahahahahahahahahyhahahahahhahaahahahahahahahahahahhahahahaah! your moma is a hoe. ... Electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Latent Image can mean a few things: Latent image, a photographic term Latent image, a bondage magazine Latent Image, a fifth season episode of Star Trek: Voyager This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... A piece of photographic film that has been exposed to light in a controlled manner must be developed before it can be used. ...

In black-and-white photographic film there is usually one layer of silver salts. When the exposed grains are developed, the silver salts are converted to metallic silver, which block light and appear as the black part of the film negative.

Color film uses at least three layers. Dyes added to the silver salts make the crystals sensitive to different colors. Typically the blue-sensitive layer is on top, followed by the green and red layers. During development, the silver salts are converted to metallic silver, as with black and white film. The by-products of this reaction form colored dyes. The silver is converted back to silver salts in the bleach step of development. It is removed from the film in the fix step. Some films, like Kodacolor II, have as many as 12 emulsion layers, with upwards of 20 different chemicals in each layer. In still photography, Kodaks Kodacolor brand has been associated with various color negative films (i. ...

Because photographic film is widespread in the production of motion pictures, or movies, these are also known as films. Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ...

Film basics

There are two primary types of photographic film:

• Print film, when developed, turns into a negative with the colors (or black and white values, in black and white film) inverted. This type of film must be "printed" — either projected through a lens or placed in contact — to photographic paper in order to be viewed as intended. Print films are available in both black-and-white and color.

• Color reversal film after development is called a transparency and can be viewed directly using a loupe or projector. Reversal film mounted with plastic or cardboard for projection is often called a slide. It is also often marketed as "slide" film. This type of film is often used to produce digital scans or color separations for mass-market printing. Photographic prints can be produced from reversal film, but the process is expensive and not as simple as that for print film. Black and white reversal film exists, but is uncommon — one of the reasons reversal films are popular among professional photographers is the fact that they are generally superior to print films with regards to color reproduction. (Conventional black and white negative stock can be reversal- processed, to give 'black & white slides', and kits are available to enable this to be done by home-processors. As indicated by Grant Haist's published book 'Modern Photographic Processing', B&W transparencies can be produced from most all B&W films.

In order to produce a usable image, the film needs to be exposed properly. The amount of exposure variation that a given film can tolerate while still producing an acceptable level of quality is called its exposure latitude. Color print film generally has greater exposure latitude than other types of film. Additionally, because print film must be printed to be viewed, after-the-fact corrections for imperfect exposure are possible during the printing process. Color, positive picture (A) and negative (B), monochrome positive picture (C) and negative (D) In photography, a negative may refer to 3 different things, although they are all related. ... Until the advent of digital photographic processes, the sole meaning of Photographic Paper was paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals. ... Black-and-white or black and white) can refer to a general term used in photography, film, and other media (see black-and-white). ... Color print film is the most common type of photographic film in consumer use. ... Color reversal film is more commonly known as slide film. ... A single slide, showing a color transparency in a plastic frame In photography, a transparency is a still, positive image created on a transparent base using photochemical means. ... A magnifying glass A magnifying glass is a single convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object. ... [carousel slide projector, the most common form of projector] A slide projector is an opto-mechanical device to view photographic slides. ... A film scanner is a specialized device made for scanning photographic film, either in standard 35mm format, slides, or medium format. ... Color printing is the reproduction of an image or text in color (as opposed to simpler black and white or monochrome printing). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Black and white reversal films - which capture images in gray scales instead of colour as in color reversal films - are less common than color reversal films. ... A photograph with an exposure time of 25 seconds In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the sensor (photographic film or CCD) during the process of taking a photograph. ...

The concentration of dyes or silver salts remaining on the film after development is referred to as optical density, or simply density; the optical density is proportional to the logarithm of the optical transmission coefficient of the developed film. A dark image on the negative is of higher density than a more transparent image. Optical density is the absorbance of an optical element for a given wavelength λ per unit distance: Where: = the distance that light travels through the sample (i. ... Logarithms to various bases: is to base e, is to base 10, and is to base 1. ... This article is about the transmission coefficient in optics. ...

Most films are affected by the physics of silver grain activation (which sets a minimum amount of light required to expose a single grain) and by the statistics of random grain activation by photons. The film requires a minimum amount of light before it begins to expose, and then responds by progressive darkening over a wide dynamic range of exposure until all of the grains are exposed and the film achieves (after development) its maximum optical density. A graph of a bell curve in a normal distribution showing statistics used in educational assessment, comparing various grading methods. ...

Over the active dynamic range of most films, the density of the developed film is proportional to the logarithm of the total amount of light to which the film was exposed, so the transmission coefficient of the developed film is proportional to a power of the reciprocal of the brightness of the original exposure. This is due to the statistics of grain activation: as the film becomes progressively more exposed, each incident photon is less likely to impact a still-unexposed grain, yielding the logarithmic behavior. In mathematics, exponentiation is a process generalized from repeated multiplication, in much the same way that multiplication is a process generalized from repeated addition. ... In mathematics, the reciprocal, or multiplicative inverse, of a number x is the number which, when multiplied by x, yields 1. ... The word light is defined here as electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength; thus, X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, microwaves, radio waves, and visible light are all forms of light. ...

If parts of the image are exposed heavily enough to approach the maximum density possible for a print film, then they will begin losing the ability to show tonal variations in the final print. Usually those areas will be deemed to be overexposed and will appear as featureless white on the print. Some subject matter is tolerant of very heavy exposure; brilliant light sources like a bright lightbulb, or the sun, included in the image generally appear best as a featureless white on the print.

Likewise, if part of an image receives less than the beginning threshold level of exposure, which depends upon the film's sensitivity to light - or speed - the film there will have no appreciable image density, and will appear on the print as a featureless black. Some photographers use their knowledge of these limits to determine the optimum exposure for a photograph; for one example, see the Zone system. Most automatic cameras instead try to achieve a particular average density. This article or section may be excessively or inappropriately using first or second person, contrary to the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ... A camera is a device used to capture images, usually photographs, either singly or in sequence such as with video cameras. ...

Film speed

Main article: Film speed

Film speed describes a film's threshold sensitivity to light. The international standard for rating film speed is the ISO scale which combines both the ASA speed and the DIN speed in the format ASA/DIN. Using ISO convention film with an ASA speed of 400 would be labeled 400/27°. ASA is by far the more popular of the available standards, especially with newer equipment, and is often used interchangeably with the term ISO, although DIN retains popularity in Germany. The prevalence of ASA is reflected in film packaging which normally boldly states the ASA speed of the film on the box, with the full ISO speed printed in smaller type on the reverse or base. A fourth naming standard is the GOST developed by the Russian standards authority. See the film speed article for a table of conversions between ASA, DIN, and GOST film speeds. Film speed is the measure of a photographic films sensitivity to light. ... Logo of the International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO or Iso) is an international standard-setting body made up of representatives from national standards bodies. ... The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit United States. ... Look up din in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gosstandart. ... Film speed is the measure of a photographic films sensitivity to light. ...

Common film speeds include ISO 25, 50, 64, 100, 160, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200. Consumer print films are usually in the ISO 100 to ISO 800 range. Some films, like Kodak's Technical Pan, are not ISO rated and therefore careful examination of the film's properties must be made by the photographer before exposure and development. ISO 25 film is very "slow", as it requires much more exposure to produce a usable image than "fast" ISO 800 film. Films of ISO 800 and greater are thus better suited to low-light situations and action shots (where the short exposure time limits the total light received). The benefit of slower films is that it usually has finer grain and better colour rendition than fast film. Professional photographers usually seek these qualities, and therefore require a tripod to stabilize the camera for a longer exposure. Grain size refers to the size of the silver crystals in the emulsion. The smaller the crystals, the finer the detail in the photo and the slower the film. Technical Pan was a black and white film produced by Kodak. ... A photograph with an exposure time of 25 seconds In photography, exposure is the total amount of light allowed to fall on the sensor (photographic film or CCD) during the process of taking a photograph. ... Look up tripod in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

A film with a particular ISO rating can be pushed to behave like a film with a higher ISO. In order to do this, the film must be developed for a longer amount of time or at a higher temperature than usual. This procedure is usually only performed by photographers who do their own development or professional-level photofinishers. More rarely, a film can be pulled to behave like a "slower" film.

History of film

Hurter & Driffield began pioneering work on the light sensitivity of film in 1876 onwards. Their work enabled the first quantitative measure of film speed to be devised. Sensitometry is the scientific study of light-sensitive materials, especially photographic film. ...

Early photography in the form of daguerreotypes did not use film at all. Eastman Kodak developed the first flexible photographic film in 1885. This "film" was coated on paper. The first transparent plastic film was produced in 1889. Before this, glass photographic plates were used, which were far more expensive and cumbersome, albeit also of better quality. L’Atelier de lartiste. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Photographic plates were one of the earliest forms of photographic film, in which a light-sensitive emulsion of silver salts was applied to a glass plate. ...

The development of digital photography has significantly reduced the use of film. As of 2006, film is disappearing from the consumer market except for low-end disposable cameras in western countries. This is not true of other markets, in particular the asian market where film is still the predominant product over digital. Although many professionals have turned to digital, companies such as Kodak and Fuji have recognised the need for transparency film in the pro market and have maintained manufacturing capacity. The availability of film is also of importance to camera manufacturers. It has been suggested that Digital photography/Temp be merged into this article or section. ...

Special films

Instant photography, as popularised by Polaroid, uses a special type of camera and film that automates and integrates development, without the need of further equipment or chemicals. This process is carried out immediately after exposure, as opposed to regular film, which is developed afterwards and requires additional chemicals. See instant film. The Polaroid Corporation was founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land. ... Instant film is a photographic film that is designed to be used in an instant camera. ...

Specialty films exist for recording non-visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These films are usually designed to record either ultraviolet or infrared light. These films can require special equipment; for example, most photographic lenses are made of glass and will therefore filter out most ultraviolet light. Instead, expensive lenses made of quartz must be used. Infrared films may be shot in standard cameras using an infrared band- or long-pass filter. The optical spectrum (light or visible spectrum) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. ... Legend: γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves: EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultra high frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High... Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than soft X-rays. ... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... Photographic lens One of Canons most popular wide angle lenses - 17-40 f/4 L The zoom lens of the Canon Elph A photographic lens (or more correctly, objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the Earths continental crust. ... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... Coloured and Neutral Density filters An optical filter is a device which selectively transmits light having certain properties (often, a particular range of wavelengths, that is, range of colours of light, or polarizations), while blocking the remainder. ...

Exposure and focusing are also difficult when using UV or IR film with a regular camera and lens. The ISO standard for film speed only applies to visible light, so regular light meters are nearly useless. Film manufacturers can supply suggested equivalent film speeds under different conditions, and recommend heavy bracketing. e.g with a certain filter, assume ISO 25 under daylight and ISO 64 under tungsten lighting. This allows a light meter to be used to estimate an exposure. For focusing, the focal point for IR is slightly father away from the camera than visible light, and UV slightly closer. Apochromatic lenses are sometimes recommended due to their improved focusing across the spectrum. This article discusses a concept in photography. ... An apochromat, or apo lens, is a photographic or other lens that has a high degree of color correction. ...

Film optimized for sensing X-ray radiation is commonly used for medical imaging, and personal monitoring, and film optimized for sensing gamma rays is sometimes used for radiation dosimetry. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Medical imaging designates the ensemble of techniques and processes used to create images of the human body (or parts thereof) for clinical purposes (medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and function). ... This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ... Dosimetry is the measurement of absorbed dose in matter and tissue resulting from the exposure to ionizing radiations. ...

Film leaves much to be desired as a scientific detector: it is difficult to calibrate for photometry, it is not re-usable, it requires careful handling (including temperature and humidity control) for best calibration, and it generally requires a physical object (the film itself) to be returned to the laboratory. Nevertheless, photographic film can be made with a higher spatial resolution than any other type of imaging detector, and (because of its logarithmic response to light) has a wider dynamic range than most digital detectors. For example, Agfa 10E56 holographic film has an equivalent resolution of over 4,000 lines/mm -- equivalent to a pixel size of just 0.125 micrometres -- and an active dynamic range of over five orders of magnitude in brightness, compared to typical scientific CCDs that might have ~10 micrometre pixels and a dynamic range of three to four orders of magnitude. In astronomy, photometry is the measurement of the flux or intensity of an astronomical objects electromagnetic radiation. ... Agfa was a company which produced a range of photographic products including films, photographic papers and cameras. ... A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. ...

Common sizes of film

See also Film format. // Movie film formats Amateur formats: 8 mm Single-8 Super 8 mm Polavision 9,5 mm film 17. ...

• 135 (popularly known as "35 mm")
• APS (Advanced Photo System)
• 110
• 126
• 127
• 120/220 (for use in medium format photography)
• Sheet film (for use in large format photography)
• Disc film Obsolete format used in disc system cameras
• Motion picture films: 8 mm, 16 mm, 35 mm and 70 mm

135 Film Size, Kodak Tri-X 400 speed 135 (ISO 1007) is a film format for still photography. ... An Advanced Photo System (IX240) film cartridge Advanced Photo System (APS) is a film format for still photography. ... 110 is a film format used for still photography. ... 126 is the number given to two different film formats used in still photography. ... 127 is a film format for still photography. ... 120 is a film format for still photography introduced by Kodak for their Brownie No. ... A size comparison of medium format film, left, and regular 35 mm film. ... Sheet film is large format photographic film supplied on individual sheets of acetate or polyester film base rather than rolls. ... Large format describes photographic films, view cameras (including pinhole cameras) and processes that use a film or digital sensor the size of 4 x 5 inches or larger. ... Kodak Disc Camera Cartridge of disc film Disc film was a still-photography film format aimed at the consumer market, and introduced by Kodak in 1982. ... Film stock is the term for photographic film on which films are recorded. ...

Companies that manufacture photographic film

Film manufacturers commonly make film that is branded by other companies. Modern films have bar codes on the edge of the film which can be read by a bar code reader. This is because film is sometimes processed differently according to specifications of the film, determined by its manufacturer; the bar code is entered into the computer printer before the film is printed. Agfa redirects here. ... The Bergger company was begun over a century ago by legendary French manufacturer Guilleminot. ... Efke is the brand name of films, photo papers, and chemicals manufactured by , a company located in Samobor, Croatia. ... FOMA, officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile phone operator NTT DoCoMo. ... Ferrania SpA is a manufacturer of photographic materials located in Ferrania, Italy. ... Fujifilm TYO: 4901 , NASDAQ: FUJIY is a Japanese company known for its photographic film and cameras. ... Ilford Photo is a maker of photographic films, paper, and chemicals, which was founded in 1879 by Alfred Hugh Harman as Britannia Works. ... This article is about the American company, for the Russian company involved in a pyramid scheme, see MMM (pyramid) 3M Company (NYSE: MMM) (until 2002 formally Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company) is an American corporation with a worldwide presence that produces over 55,000 products, including adhesives, abrasives, laminates, electronic... 3M Company (NYSE: MMM); formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002) is an American corporation with a worldwide presence that produces over 55,000 products, including adhesives, abrasives, laminates, passive fire protection, electronic circuits and displays, and pharmaceuticals. ... Eastman Kodak Company (NYSE: EK) is a large multinational public company producing photographic equipment. ... The Famous Old Konica Colourwheel Logo Konica ) was a Japanese manufacturer of, among other products, film, film cameras, camera accessories, photographic and photo-processing equipment, photocopiers, fax machines and laser printers. ... MACO The MACOs (Military Assault Command Operations) are an elite Terran military command in the Star Trek: Enterprise fictional universe. ... Orwo is a manufacturer of photographic film. ... Peruc, Bohemian town Leo Perutz Max Ferdinand Perutz This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Polaroid Corporation was founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land. ... Look up Solaris in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

To establish the OEM, read the bar code printed on the cassette. Divide the long number by 16 and record the number before the decimal, then multiply the number after the decimal by 16, this could give you a result such as 18 and 2. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The first number is known as the PRODUCT (film manufacturer) and the second number as the MULTIPLIER (speed of the film ISO). In the previous example, 18 identifies 3M as the manufacturer and 2 means it is 200 ISO:

• 3M = 18
• Agfa = 17 or 49
• Kodak = 80, 81, 82 or 88

Notable films

• Kodak Kodachrome is one of the oldest slide films still being produced and is known for its long archive stability.
• Fuji Velvia, also a slide film, is known for its high contrast and hyper-saturated colours. It is popular with landscape and nature photographers.
• Both Kodak T-max p3200 and Ilford Delta 3200 are B&W films with very wide exposure latitude. They are rated at roughly ISO 1000, but can be pushed to ISO 3200 or higher. Rated speeds of as high as ISO 25,000 have been obtained.
• Kodak Technical Pan, which has now been discontinued, is a widely acclaimed slow black and white film. With a speed of ISO 25, it gave clear, incredibly fine-grained results. It has now become somewhat of a commodity item among photographers as very limited, if any stock remains at photographic suppliers.
• Maco IR 820c / Rollei IR are one of the two last remaining infrared films. After Konica's discontinuation of their IR 750 film and taking into account Kodak HIE's uncertain future, this infrared film is the only one that is certain to remain in the near future. It is very slow and is sensitive to infrared light of up to about 820 nm in wavelength.
• Agfa Scala is a black-and-white ORTHO clear base film optimized to be reverse processed in Agfa's light-reversal process. The film was discontinued in late 2005.
• Efke, Produced by Fotokemica in Croatia. A black-and-white film produced with the ADOX formula (pre Tri-X, pre-1950).

Kodachrome (also known as Tripack) is a brand of color transparency (slide) film sold by Kodak. ... Velvia is a name of an ISO 50 (though many rate it at 40), daylight-balanced color reversal film produced by the Japanese film company Fuji. ... Technical Pan was a black and white film produced by Kodak. ... Image of two girls in mid-infrared (thermal) light (false color) Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. ... The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ... Efke is the brand name of films, photo papers, and chemicals manufactured by , a company located in Samobor, Croatia. ...

See also

• Camera
• Film base
• List of film formats
• List of photographic equipment makers
• List of photographic films
• Sensitometry
• APUG
• Timeline of photography technology

A camera is a device used to capture images, usually photographs, either singly or in sequence such as with video cameras. ... Film base is a transparent substrate which acts as a support medium for the photosensitive emulsion that lies atop it. ... This is a list of film formats known to have been developed for shooting or viewing motion pictures since the development of such photographic technology towards the end of the 19th century. ... // List of camera manufacturers Alpa ARCA Swiss Cambo Canham Canon Contax Cosina Ebony (camera maker) Fotoman Fujifilm Gandolfi Gowland Graflex Hasselblad Holga Horseman Kiev-Arsenal (photo camera) Kodak Konica Minolta Kyocera Leica Leningradskoye Optiko Mechanichesckoye Obyedinenie(LOMO) Linhof Littman Mamiya Minox Nikon Olympus Panasonic Pentacon (Praktica) Pentax Polaroid Ricoh Rollei... // Type: Black and white negative Speed: ISO 100, DIN 21 Available formats: 35 mm, 120, sheet film (9x12, 10. ... Sensitometry is the scientific study of light-sensitive materials, especially photographic film. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... Timeline of photography technology 1825 - Nicéphore Niépce takes the first permanent photograph, an image of a boy leading a horse. ...

References