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In the field of photographic imaging, a photomosaic is a picture (usually a photograph) that has been divided into (usually equal sized) rectangular sections, each of which is replaced with another photograph of appropriate average color. When viewed at low magnifications, the individual pixels appear as the primary image, while close examination reveals that the image is in fact made up of many hundreds or thousands of smaller images. Photomosaics are a computer created type of montage. The word photomosaic is a portmanteau of photo and mosaic. A sepia-tinted photograph of an English couple, taken in 1895. ...
A pixel (short for picture element, using the common abbreviation pix for picture) is one of the many tiny dots that make up the representation of a picture in a computers memory. ...
MONTAGE MONTAGE [1] American pop group (1991-current) consisting of singer/songwriter Chris Jones, drummer/songwriter Andrew Doss and various guitarists. ...
It has been suggested that blend (linguistics) be merged into this article or section. ...
Mosaic is the art of decoration with small pieces of colored glass, stone or other material. ...
History Related to the manually created 9th century art of Micrography which utilises letters & symbols to create larger images. Leon Harmon of Bell Labs created images from symbols and letters in 1973 which led to the popularity of ASCII art in the 1970s and 1980s. As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...
Micrography is a Jewish art form developed in the 9th century, utilizing minute Hebrew letters to form representational, geometric and abstract designs. ...
Leon D. Harmon (born 1922) was a cyberneticist who worked at Bell Labs. ...
Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) was the main research and development arm of the United States Bell System. ...
ASCII art, an artistic medium relying primarily on computers for presentation, consists of pictures pieced together from characters (preferably from the 95 printable characters defined by ASCII). ...
- 1993 Joseph Francis, working for R/Greenberg Associates in Manhattan, is believed to be the inventor of the modern day computer generated colour image versions. His 'Live from Bell Labs' poster created in 1993 used computer themed tile photographs to create a photomosaic of a face. He went on to create a photomosaic for Animation Magazine in 1993 which was repeated in Wired Magazine (November 1994 p. 106.).
- 1994 Dave McKean creates an image for DC Comics, a photomosaic of a face made from faces. Although this is believed to be created manually using photoshop.
- 1995 Robert Silvers creates a photomosaic, and goes on to patent creation of photomosaics in 1997.
 1993 Live from Bell Labs Event Poster Cages (1998) by Dave McKean David Tench McKean (born 29 December 1963 in Maidenhead, England) is an illustrator, photographer, comic book artist, filmmaker and musician. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Photo-mosaic-Joseph-Francis. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Photo-mosaic-Joseph-Francis. ...
Patents Robert Silvers, a Master's student at MIT obtained a trademark on the term photomosaic in 1995 and later applied for a U.S. patent on the production of photomosaics on January 2, 1997 which was granted in 2000. He then filed a European patent application on the process. He obtained U.S. Patent 6137498, Europe patent EP0852363,[1] Japanese patent 3,029,413,[2] Canadian patent 2,226,059,[3] Australian patent 723,815. He is quoted as saying: "By being granted this patent in the United States and other countries, we can protect our proprietary innovations and continue to make unique artwork." The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private research university located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is one of the worlds leading research institutions in science and technology. ...
A trademark or trade mark[1] is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by a business to uniquely identify itself and its products and services to consumers, and to distinguish the business and its products or services from those of other businesses. ...
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and...
January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, commonly known as the European Patent Convention (EPC), is a multilateral treaty instituting the European Patent Organisation and providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted. ...
Japanese patent law is referred to as Tokkyo hou in Japanese. ...
Contrary to his claims however, his patent does not control the process of creating photomosaics, which explains the widespread use of photomosaics worldwide. His assertion that the "look and feel are protected by the patent, copyright, and other intellectual property laws of the United States and other major countries" is similarly non-viable.
There are a number of commercial companies that create mosaics with photos and presumably none of them infringe on Silver's particular process.
There is an additional controversy related to his European patent, due to Article 52(2)(c) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) which provided that "programs for computers" are not regarded as patentable inventions [5]. Claim 15 of EP852363 mentions "(...) a computer workstation that executes mosaic generation software". (See also Software patents under the EPC). The Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, commonly known as the European Patent Convention (EPC), is a multilateral treaty instituting the European Patent Organisation and providing an autonomous legal system according to which European patents are granted. ...
Within the context of a national or multilateral body of law, an invention is patentable or, in other words, it satisfies the patentability requirements if it meets the legal conditions to be granted a patent. ...
In general terms, an invention is an object, process or technique which displays an element of novelty. ...
Patent claims define the extent of the protection conferred by a patent, in technical terms. ...
Even though the European Patent Convention and its Article 52 excludes the patentability of programs for computers as such, that does not mean that all inventions including some software are de jure not patentable. ...
Photomosaic software Freeware Commercial
Photomosaic companies
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- ^ [2] [3]
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