Due to historical confusion, Phrygian mode can refer to two very different musical modes or diatonic scales. In music, a scale is an ordered series of musical intervals, which, along with the key or tonic, define the pitches. ... In music theory, a diatonic scale (from the Greek diatonikos, to stretch out; also known as the heptatonia prima; set form 7-35) is a seven-note musical scale comprising five whole-tone and two half-tone steps, in which the half tones are maximally separated. ...

Greek Phrygian mode

The Phrygian mode is named after the ancient kingdom of Phrygia in Anatolia. In Greek music theory it was based on the Phrygian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by a whole tone. Applied to a whole octave, the Phrygian mode was built upon two Phrygian tetrachords separated by a whole tone. This is the same as playing all the white notes on a piano keyboard from D to D: D E F G | A B C D. Placing the two tetrachords together, and the single tone at bottom of the scale produces the Hypophrygian mode (below Phrygian): G | A B C D | (D) E F G. Placing the two tetrachords together, and the single tone at the top of the scale produces the Hyperphrygian mode (above Phrygian), which is effectively the same as the Hypodorian mode: A B C D | (D) E F G | A. Confusingly, the ancient-Greek Phrygian mode is the same as the medieval and modern Dorian mode. In antiquity, Phrygia (Greek: ) was a kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolia. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... The tetrachord is a concept of music theory borrowed from ancient Greece. ... A major second is one of three commonly occuring musical intervals that span two diatonic scale degrees; the others being the minor second, which is one semitone smaller, and the augmented second, which is one semitone larger. ... A semitone (also known in the USA as a half step) is a musical interval. ... For other uses, see Octave (disambiguation). ... The Hypophrygian mode, literally meaning below Phrygian, is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the Phrygian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by another whole tone. ... The hypodorian mode, literally meaning below dorian, is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the dorian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. ... The hypodorian mode, literally meaning below dorian, is a musical mode or diatonic scale of ancient Greece that was based upon the dorian tetrachord: a series of rising intervals of a semitone followed by two whole tones. ... Due to historical confusion, Dorian mode can refer to two very different musical modes or diatonic scales. ...

Medieval and modern Phrygian mode

The early Christian church developed a system of eight musical modes (the octoechos), which medieval music scholars related to the ancient Greek modes. However, due to a misinterpretation of the Latin texts of Boethius, medieval modes were given the wrong Greek names. Thus, in medieval and modern music, the Phrygian mode is a minor musical mode or diatonic scale and may be constructed from the major scale starting on the third scale degree. The scale consists of flat 2, flat 3, flat 6, and flat 7 in the starting pitch's major scale. Octoechos (8 echos) is the fundamental structure for classifying and describing modes in byzantine music. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Boethius teaching his students (initial in a 1385 Italian manuscript of the Consolation of Philosophy). ... A minor scale in musical theory is a diatonic scale whose third scale degree is an interval of a minor third above the tonic. ... In music, a scale is an ordered series of musical intervals, which, along with the key or tonic, define the pitches. ... In music theory, a diatonic scale (from the Greek diatonikos, to stretch out; also known as the heptatonia prima; set form 7-35) is a seven-note musical scale comprising five whole-tone and two half-tone steps, in which the half tones are maximally separated. ... In music theory, the major scale is one of the diatonic scales. ... In music or music theory a scale degree is an individual note of a scale, both its pitch and its diatonic function. ...

Using a major diatonic pattern as the starting point, the Medieval and Modern Phrygian mode has the formula 1, b2, b3, 4, 5, b6, b7. Its tonic chord is a m7.(Em7 in the Key of C).

Following this pattern, if we start with an E Major diatonic scale (E,F#,G#,A,B,C#,D#,E), the Phrygian mode may be played on the white keys of the piano, going from E to E (simply remove all the sharps):

• E,F,G,A,B,C,D,E.

Jazz musicians use the Phrygian mode over a "sus4(b9)" chord Modal jazz is jazz played using musical modes rather than chord progressions. ...

If the third note is augmented back to its major scale value, a Phrygian dominant scale, which is the fifth mode of the Harmonic Minor scale. Phrygian-dominant is also known as the Spanish gypsy scale, and is often used in flamenco music. Some flamenco music uses both Phrygian and Phrygian-dominant (often switching back and forth between these two scales). The Phrygian dominant scale is constructed by raising the third of the Phrygian scale and is the fifth mode of the harmonic minor scale, the fifth being the dominant. ... The Gypsy Scale refers to a musical scale used in Gypsy music. ... Flamenco is a Spanish musical genre. ...

Some Italian songs, like most of The Godfather soundtrack themes, are promptly recognized as Italian music by the flat second note, which identifies the Phrygian mode. This article is about the 1972 film. ...

Mediaeval and Renaissance Use

• Josquin's 4-part setting of Mille Regretz is in the Phrygian mode throughout.
• Josquin's 6-part motet Praeter Rerum Seriem is also in the Phrygian mode, as is Cipriano de Rore's 7-part Missa Praeter Rerum Seriem.

Josquin Des Prez Josquin Des Prez (diminutive of Joseph; latinized Josquinus Pratensis) (c. ... Mille Regretz is a French chanson which in its 4 part setting is usually credited to Josquin. ... Josquin Des Prez Josquin Des Prez (diminutive of Joseph; latinized Josquinus Pratensis) (c. ... Cypriano de Rore or Cipriano de Rore (1515 or 1516 – 11 September to 20 September 1565) was a Flemish composer and teacher. ...

Occurrences in popular music

• The Phrygian mode was very fashionable in the pop music of the late 1960s. Examples are "White Rabbit" by Jefferson Airplane and Matilda Mother (organ solo) by Pink Floyd.
• The verse of the song Sullen Girl by Fiona Apple is written in F# Phrygian.
• The song Would? by the Seattle-based band Alice in Chains is written in F# Phrygian.
• The song Calling to You by Robert Plant is in E Phrygian.
• In videogames, the theme music for the character Magus from Chrono Trigger (with music by Yasunori Mitsuda) uses the Phrygian mode very effectively to represent the character's sinister personality.
• Also in video games, two pieces from Super Metroid use the Phrygian mode. The theme for Lower Norfair begins its motif in C Phrygian, continues to play the same motif in D# Phrygian, F# Phrygian, and A Phrygian, the key in which the rest of the piece is set (this theme is later used in the Magmoor Caverns in Metroid Prime). Additionally, the solemn piano/choir/flute theme heard in Brinstar is in D# Phrygian (alternating between the D# minor and E major chords).
• The Predator (film) movie theme is also mostly Phrygian, E minor with the second note being F instead of F#, even though some parts of this theme do use sharp keys in tone modulations.
• There are two instance of this mode in Rush's music: The guitar solo of "YYZ" (in the 1981 album Moving Pictures) and the intro of La Villa Strangiato (in the 1978 album "Hemispheres")
• Danny Elfman frequently uses the Phrygian mode starting on different keys for his scoring.
• Vaughan Williams' Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis is in the Phrygian mode.
• Guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen regularly uses the Phrygian mode and modes of the Harmonic Minor scale in most of his compositions.
• The theme song to the popular NBC/CBS series Unsolved Mysteries which aired during the 90s.
• Metallica lead guitarist Kirk Hammett uses a phrygian dominant scale in the guitar solo for "Wherever I May Roam".
• Steve Vai's song "For the Love of god"

White Rabbit is a psychedelic rock song from Jefferson Airplanes 1967 album Surrealistic Pillow. ... Jefferson Airplane is an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the psychedelic rock movement. ... Matilda Mother is a song by British psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, and is featured on their debut album, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). ... Pink Floyd are an English rock band that initially earned recognition for their psychedelic rock music, and, as they evolved, for their avant-garde progressive rock music. ... Tidal is the debut album by American singer-songwriter Fiona Apple, released by Epic Records in the United States on July 23, 1996 (see 1996 in music). ... Fiona Apple McAfee Maggart (born September 13, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. ... Would? is a song by the grunge group Alice In Chains, appearing on their 1992 album Dirt. ... City nickname Emerald City City bird Great Blue Heron City flower Dahlia City mottos The City of Flowers The City of Goodwill City song Seattle, the Peerless City Mayor Greg Nickels County King County Area   - Total   - Land   - Water   - % water 369. ... This article is about the grunge band. ... Robert Anthony Plant (born August 20, 1948, West Bromwich, West Midlands, England) is an English rock singer and songwriter, most famous for his membership in the rock band Led Zeppelin as the lead vocalist, but also for his successful solo career. ... Magus is a fictional character playable in Squaresofts 1995 console role-playing game Chrono Trigger. ... Chrono Trigger ) is a console role-playing game developed and published by Square (now Square Enix) for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game console. ... Yasunori Mitsuda (光田 康典 Mitsuda Yasunori, born January 21, 1972) is a Japanese composer, sound programmer and musician best known for his work in video game music, specifically Chrono Trigger, Chrono Cross, Shadow Hearts, Shadow Hearts: Covenant, Xenogears, Xenosaga Episode I: Der Wille zur Macht, and Mario Party. ... “Metroid 3” redirects here. ... This article is about the game. ... Predator is a 1987 science fiction, action and horror film directed by John McTiernan and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers and Jesse Ventura. ... The Canadian Progressive Rock trio Rush has written, recorded, and performed several instrumentals throughout its career. ... Daniel Robert Elfman (born May 29, 1953 in Los Angeles, California) is an American musician who led the rock band Oingo Boingo as singer / songwriter from 1976 until its breakup in 1995, and has composed film scores extensively since 1985s Pee-wees Big Adventure. ... Also known as the The Fantasia was one of the first major successes of British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... Metallica is a Grammy Award-winning American heavy metal/thrash metal band formed in 1981[1] and has become one of the most commercially successful musical acts of recent decades. ... Kirk Lee Hammett (born on November 18, 1962) is the lead guitarist in the band Metallica. ... Wherever I May Roam is the fifth track on the Metallica (aka Black) Album by the heavy metal band Metallica. ...

External links

• Phrygian mode in six positions for guitar at GOSK.com