Phycomycosis is an uncommon condition of the gastrointestinal tract and skin most commonly found in dogs. The condition is caused by a variety of molds and fungi, and individual forms include pythiosis, zygomycosis, and lagenidiosis. Pythiosis is the most common type and is caused by Pythium, a type of water mould. Zygomycosis can also be caused by two types of zygomycetes, Entomophthorales (such as Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus) and Mucorales (such as Mucor, Mortierella, Absidia, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor, and Saksenaea).^[1] Lagenidiosis is caused by a Lagenidium species, which like Pythium is a water mould. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) is a detailed description of known diseases and injuries. ... The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... // A00-A79 - Bacterial infections, and other intestinal infectious diseases, and STDs (A00-A09) Intestinal infectious diseases (A00) Cholera (A01) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (A010) Typhoid fever (A02) Other Salmonella infections (A03) Shigellosis (A04) Other bacterial intestinal infections (A040) Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection (A045) Campylobacter enteritis (A046) Enteritis due to Yersinia... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) is a detailed description of known diseases and injuries. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... The gastrointestinal tract or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal, (nourishment canal) or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ... In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ... Mold is Gross to many people and some types of mold are deadly . ... Divisions Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota A fungus (plural fungi) is a eukaryotic organism that digests its food externally and absorbs the nutrient molecules into its cells. ... A genus of fungi within the phylum Oomycota, class Oomycetes, order Peronosporales, family Pythiaceae, the water mold pythium is known for its role as a plant parasite. ... Orders Lagenidiales Leptomitales Peronosporales Pythiales Rhipidiales Saprolegniales Sclerosporales Water moulds or Oomycetes are a group of filamentous protists, physically resembling fungi. ... Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, are a division of fungi. ... Families Chaetocladiaceae Choanephoraceae Cunninghamellaceae Gilbertellaceae Mucoraceae Mycotyphaceae Phycomycetaceae Pilobolaceae Radiomycetaceae Saksenaeaceae Syncephalastraceae Thamnidiaceae Mucorales are the largest and best studied order of Zygomycete fungi. ... Species See section. ... ...

Pythiosis

Pythiosis is caused by Pythium insidiosum and occurs most commonly in dogs and horses, but is also found in cats, cattle, and humans. In the United States it is most commonly found in the Gulf states, especially Louisiana, but has been found in midwest and eastern states. It is also found in southeast Asia, eastern Australia, New Zealand, and South America. Pythium occupies swamps in late summer and infects dogs who drink water containing it. The disease is typically found in young, large breed dogs.^[1] Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... Trinomial name Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758) The cat (or domestic cat, house cat) is a small carnivorous mammal and a subspecies of the wild cat. ... COW is an acronym for a number of things: Can of worms The COW programming language, an esoteric programming language. ... This Article does not cite its references or sources. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

The disease grows slowly in the stomach and small intestine, eventually forming large lumps of granulation tissue. It can also invade surrounding lymph nodes. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, depression, weight loss, and a mass in the abdomen. Pythiosis of the skin in dogs is very rare, and appears as ulcerated lumps. Primary infection can also occur in the bones and lungs. In horses, subcutaneous pythiosis is the most common form and infection occurs through a wound while standing in water containing the pathogen.^[2] In humans it can cause arteritis, keratitis, and periorbital cellulitis.^[3] In cats pythioisis is almost always confined to the skin as hairless and edematous lesions. It is usually found on the limbs, perineum, and at the base of the tail.^[4] In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract used to digest food. ... Diagram showing the small intestine In biology the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine. ... Granulation tissue is the tissue that replaces a fibrin clot in healing tissue. ... Structure of the lymph node. ... Endoscopic images of a duodenal ulcer. ... The subcutis is the layer of tissue directly underlying the cutis. ... Arteritis is inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or auto-immune response. ... It has been suggested that Guiche be merged into this article or section. ...

Pythium insidiosum is different from other members of the genus in that in addition to decaying plant tissue, human and horse hair, skin, and decaying animal tissue are chemoattractants for its zoospores.^[2] Inorganic or organic substances possessing chemotaxis inducer effect in motile cells. ... A motile asexual spore utilizing a flagellum for locomotion. ...

Zygomycosis

Zygomycosis usually is a disease of the skin, but can also occur in the sinuses or gastrointestinal tract. Zygomycosis caused by Mucorales causes a rapidly progressing disease of sudden onset in sick or immunocompromised animals. Entomophthorales cause chronic, local infections in otherwise healthy animals. The important species that cause entomophthoromycosis are Conidiobolus coronatus, C. incongruous, and B. ranarum. Conidiobolus infections of the upper respiratory system have been reported in humans, sheep, horses, and dogs, and Basidiobolus has been reported less commonly in humans and dogs.^[5] Entomophthorales is found in soil and decaying plant matter, and specifically Basidiobolus can be contracted from insects and the feces of reptiles or amphibians.^[3] In medicine, immune deficiency (or immunodeficiency) is a state where the immune system is incapable of defending the organism from infectious disease. ...

Lagenidiosis

The best known species of Lagenidium is Lagenidium giganteum, a parasite of mosquito larvae used in biological control of mosquitoes. A different species causes disease exclusively in dogs. Lagenidiosis is found in the southeastern United States in lakes and ponds. It causes progressive skin and subcutaneous lesions in the legs, groin, trunk, and near the tail. The lesions are firm nodules or ulcerated regions with draining tracts. Regional lymph nodes are usually swollen. Many dogs have spread of the disease to distant lymph nodes, large blood vessels, and the lungs.^[3] Predatory Polistes wasp looking for bollworms or other caterpillars on a cotton plant Biological control of pests and diseases is a method of controlling pests and diseases in agriculture that relies on natural predation rather than introduced chemicals. ... The distribution of the bloodvessels in the skin of the sole of the foot. ...

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis is through biopsy, although an ELISA test has been developed for Pythium insidiosum in animals.^[6] Treatment is very difficult and includes surgery when possible. Postoperative recurrence is common. Antifungal drugs show only limited effect on the disease, but itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride are often used for two to three months following surgery.^[3] Humans with Basidiobolus infections have been treated with amphotericin B and potassium iodide.^[5] For pythiosis and lagenidiosis, a new drug targeting water moulds called caspofungin is available, but it is very expensive.^[3] Immunotherapy has been used successfully in humans and horses with pythiosis.^[6] The prognosis for any type of phycomycosis is poor. A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. ... Elisa portrayed on the cover of her album Pearl Days. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... Something antifungal kills or inhibits the growth of fungus. ... Itraconazole (marketed as Sporanox® by Janssen Pharmaceutica) is an antifungal agent that is prescribed to patients with fungal infections. ... Terbinafine hydrochloride, sold as Lamisil tablets in the U.S., is often prescribed for the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail or fingernail due to dermatophytes (Tinea unguium). ... Amphotericin B (Fungilin®, Fungizone®, Abelcet®, AmBisome®, Fungisome®, Amphocil®, Amphotec®) is a polyene antimycotic drug, used intravenously in systemic fungal infections. ... Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula KI, used in photography and radiation treatment. ... Caspofungin is an antifungal drug, the first of a new class termed the echinocandins. ... Immunotherapy is a form of medical treatment based upon the concept of modulating the immune system to achieve a therapeutic goal. ... ...

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