Physical force Irish republicanism is a term used by historians in Ireland to describe the recurring appearance of non-parliamentary violent insurrection in Ireland between 1798 and the present. It is often described as a rival to parliamentary nationalism which for most of the period drew the predominant amount of support from Irish nationalists. A true colour image of Ireland, captured by a NASA satellite on January 4, 2003. ... Events February-October - Irish Rebellion of 1798 April 7 - The Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain April 26 - France annexes Geneva May 24 - Irish nationalists rebel against British occupation forces believing that French troops were...

Physical force Irish republicanism has usually been marked by a number of features:

Patrick Pearse, 'President of the Provisional Government', leader of the 1916 Rising

• A commitment to a radical Irish republic which stressed the rights of the Irish people as a community to independence and the ownership of Ireland rather than to individual rights, such as the rights to private property;

• The holding of a series of failed rebellions, often with minimal support, but some of whom impacted upon parliamentary nationalism;

• A demand to break all links with the United Kingdom through the use of force.

• The use of secret societies to plot and organise rebellions; including the Fenians/Irish Republican Brotherhood.

The most prominent physical force rebellions were Photo of Patrick Pearse claim fair use b/c of unreproducable historical nature of the photo This work is copyrighted. ... Photo of Patrick Pearse claim fair use b/c of unreproducable historical nature of the photo This work is copyrighted. ... The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a country in western Europe, and member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G8, the European Union, and NATO. Usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK, or (inaccurately) as Great Britain or Britain, the UK has four constituent... A secret society is a social organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation or club ceremonies—from outsiders. ... Fenian is a term used since the 1860s for an Irish nationalist who espouses violence, usually by people opposed to their aims. ... The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) played an important role in the history of Ireland. ...

• 1798 rebellion of Wolfe Tone
• 1803 rebellion associated with Robert Emmet
• 1848 Young Irelander rebellion associated with Thomas Davis and Charles Gavin Duffy
• 1867 Fenian rebellion associated with James Stephens and Jeramiah O'Donovan Rossa
• 1916 Easter Rising associated with Padraig Pearse and James Connolly

The grave of Fenian leader John Devoy in Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin

The overall impact of the various rebellions differed. Many historians and contemporary archives suggest that the 1798 rebellion triggered British determination to ensure the union of the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain, lest a rebellious Ireland, in sympathy with revolutionary France, be used as a means to attack Britain. Some historians speculate that the 1848 rebellion, through miniscule in physical impact, helped weaken the strength of the parliamentary movement of the recently deceased Daniel O'Connell The Liberator, though others contend that the movement, under the politically less skilled Morgan O'Connell, was a spent force politically in any case. (Redirected from 1798 rebellion) The Irish Rebellion of 1798 or 1798 rebellion as it is known locally, was an uprising in 1798, lasting several months, against the British establishment in Ireland. ... Theobald Wolfe Tone Theobald Wolfe Tone, commonly known as Wolfe Tone (20 June 1763 - 19 November 1798) was a leading figure in the Irish independence movement. ... Robert Emmet Statue of Robert Emmet; photo courtesy Paul Huang. ... Thomas Osborne Davis (October 14, 1814 - September 16, 1845) was Irish writer and politician who was the chief organizer and poet of the Young Ireland movement. ... Note: This was originially a subsection of Fenian Brotherhood. ... James Stephens (February 9, 1882–December 26, 1950) was an Irish novelist and poet. ... The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Casca) was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916. ... Patrick Pearse Patrick Henry Pearse (known as Pádraic Pearse or, in the Irish language, as Pádraic Anraí Mac Piarais) (November 10, 1879 - May 3, 1916) was a teacher, poet, writer and political activist who led the Irish Easter Rising in 1916. ... There are two well-known individuals named James Connolly: James Connolly - Irish socialist republican James Connolly - American athlete This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... John Devoys grave in Glasnevin Cemetery - my image, no c/r File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... John Devoys grave in Glasnevin Cemetery - my image, no c/r File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Glasnevin Cemetery is the main Catholic cemetery in Dublin, the capital of Ireland. ... Dublins Hapenny Bridge. ... National motto: None Capital Dublin head of state King of Ireland Kings representative: variously called Judiciar, Lord Deputy or Lord Lieutenant of Ireland head of government: Chief Secretary for Ireland Parliament: Irish House of Commons and Irish House of Lords The Kingdom of Ireland was the name given to... The united Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the merger of the Kingdoms of Scotland and England in 1707 (see Act of Union 1707). ... for other men called Daniel OConnell, see Daniel OConnell (disambiguation) Daniel OConnell Daniel OConnell ( August 6, 1776 - May 15, 1847), known as The Liberator, was Irelands predominant politician in the first half of the nineteenth century. ...

The 1867 rebellion was similarly unsuccessful in a military sense, but did become a focal point in Irish revolutionary folklore, inspiring later generations of rebels.

The 1916 Rising alone had a dramatic impact in achieving Irish independence. Though it too was a military failure, with its Government of the Irish Republic all executed, the backlash against the brutality of the British response allowed surviving Rising leader Eamon de Valera to take over parliamentary politics in the 1918 general election. The tensions between the democratic features of the new Irish Republic proclaimed by the First Dáil, the Army of the Republic (The Irish Republican Army), and the secretive Irish Republican Brotherhood, reached a head in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty which created an independent Irish dominion known as the Irish Free State. Allegations of bad faith, betrayal of republicanism and secret IRB plots (Michael Collins's association with the IRB irked rivals Eamon de Valera and Cathal Brugha) plunged the new Irish state into civil war (1922-1923). Eamon de Valera1 (born Edward George de Valera, Irish name Éamonn de Bhailéara) (October 14, 1882 - August 29, 1975), was a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th Century, and of the Republican opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, and was subsequently... The United Kingdom general election of 1918 held on 14th December 1918 was the first election at which women could vote. ... The Irish Republic (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann), also known as the Republic of Ireland, was a revolutionary state established by Irish nationalists seeking secession from the United Kingdom (UK) in the 1910s, with the aim of supplanting the UK government. ... The First Dáil (Irish: An Chéad Dáil) was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919–1921. ... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, etc. ... Signature page of the Anglo_Irish Treaty The Anglo_Irish Treaty was a treaty between the British government and the Irish Republic which brought the Anglo-Irish War to an end and established the Irish Free State. ... This is a page about Dominions of the British Empire/Commonwealth. ... Eamon de Valera1 (born Edward George de Valera, Irish name Éamonn de Bhailéara) (October 14, 1882 - August 29, 1975), was a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from Britain in the early 20th Century, and of the Republican opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, and was subsequently... Charles William St John Burgess (Cathal Brugha) (18 July 1874-7 July 1922) was an Irish revolutionary, born in Dublin, who was active in the Easter Rising and the Irish Civil War. ... A civil war is a war in which the competing parties are segments of the same country or empire. ... 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Eamon de Valera, physical force republican leader, then parliamentarian, who executed IRA members in the 1940s

Physical force republicanism continued after 1923. Anti-Treaty republicans continued to call themselves the IRA. The movement, and its political wing, Sinn Féin went through periodic splits, most dramatically in 1969 when two IRAs emerged, the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA, along with two Sinn Féins; Official Sinn Féin and Provisional Sinn Féin. The two provisional organisations came to dominate only to split again in the mid 1980s, into the mainstream Provisional Sinn Féin (increasingly simply called Sinn Féin) and the Provisional IRA, and Republican Sinn Féin and its own small IRA. Eamon de Valera. ... Eamon de Valera. ... The name Sinn Féin pronounced Shin-Feyn (in the Irish language ourselves or we ourselves; not as sometimes incorrectly translated, ourselves alone or we alone) has been applied to a series of political movements since 1905 in Ireland, each of which claim or claimed sole descent from the original party... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... The term Official IRA relates to one of the two elements of the Irish Republican Army - the other being the Provisional IRA - that emerged from the ideological split in the Irish Republican movement in 1969-70. ... The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) is a paramilitary group which aimed, through the use of violence, to achieve three goals: (i) British withdrawal from Ireland, (ii) the political unification of Ireland through the merger of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland , and (iii) the creation of an all... Official Sinn Féin (aka Sinn Féin the Workers Party) evolved from the split in Sinn Féin and the IRA that took place in 1970. ... Provisional Sinn Féin evolved from the split in Sinn Féin and the IRA that took place in the late 1960s. ... Republican Sinn Féin (RSF) is a minor political party operating in Ireland. ...

In 2005 Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams called on the Provisional IRA to move from physical force activity to exclusively democratic means. 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gerry Adams (born October 6, 1948) is an Irish politician, Member of Parliament for the West Belfast constituency and President of Sinn Féin. ...

Other IRAs, notably the Real IRA and the Continuity IRA continued to exist with their political wings, though with less impact than the earlier PIRA. Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Organization stubs | Terrorist organizations in Northern Ireland | Rebellion ... The Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA) is an Irish republican paramilitary group that split from the Provisional IRA in 1986 in a dispute over the attendance of the elected representatives of Sinn Féin (the political party affiliated to the Provisional IRA) at Dáil Éireann (the lower house of...

Additional Reading

• Marianne Elliott, Robert Emmet: The Making of a Legend
• Hugh Gough, David Dickson (Eds), Ireland and the French Revolution
• Patrick Geoghegan, Robert Emmet: A Life (Gill and Macmillan) ISBN 0717133877
• Jim Smyth, The Men of No Property: Irish Radicals and Popular Politics in the Late Eighteenth Century
• A.T.Q. Stewart, A Deeper Silence: The Hidden Origins of the United Irish Movement
• Tim Pat Coogan, The Troubles
• Robert Kee, Ireland: A History
• Joseph Lee, The Modernisation of Irish Society
• Dorothy McCardle, The Irish Republic