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Encyclopedia > Physicist

Physicists working in a government lab
Physicists working in a government lab

A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena spanning all length scales: from the sub-atomic particles from which all ordinary matter is made (particle physics) to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole (cosmology). There are numerous branches of physics and each has its corresponding specialists. The Doctor by Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, one type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor. ... Image File history File links Usaf-laser. ... Image File history File links Usaf-laser. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Properties In chemistry and physics, an atom (Greek ἄτομος or átomos meaning indivisible) is the smallest particle still characterizing a chemical element. ... Thousands of particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per ion) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in which all events occur. ... Physical cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Contents

Education

Nearly all the material a student encounters in the undergraduate physics curriculum is based on discoveries and insights of a century or more in the past. Newton’s laws of motion were formulated in the 17th century; Maxwell's equations, 19th century; and quantum mechanics, early 20th century. The undergraduate physics curriculum generally includes the following range of courses: chemistry, classical physics, astronomy, physics laboratory, electricity and magnetism,thermodynamics, optics, modern physics, quantum physics, nuclear physics, solid state physics. Undergraduate physics students must also take extensive mathematics courses (calculus, differential equations, advanced calculus), and computer science and programming. Undergraduate physics students often perform research with faculty members. Newtons First and Second laws, in Latin, from the original 1687 edition of the Principia Mathematica. ... In electromagnetism, Maxwells equations are a set of equations first presented as a distinct group in the later half of the nineteenth century by James Clerk Maxwell. ... Fig. ... Chemistry - the study of interactions of chemical substances with one another and energy based on the structure of atoms, molecules and other kinds of aggregrates Chemistry (from Egyptian kÄ“me (chem), meaning earth[1]) is the science concerned with the reactions, transformations and aggregations of matter, as well as accompanying... Classical physics is physics based on principles developed before the rise of quantum theory, usually including the special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity. ... A giant Hubble mosaic of the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant Astronomy (also frequently referred to as astrophysics) is the scientific study of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as the cosmic background radiation). ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... Thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη, therme, meaning heat and δυναμις, dunamis, meaning power) is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale by analyzing the collective motion of their particles using statistics. ... For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. ... Modern physics may refer to: Quantum mechanics Theory of relativity 20th-century physics in general See also History of physics This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Fig. ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ... Solid-state physics, the largest branch of condensed matter physics, is the study of rigid matter, or solids. ... Calculus (from Latin, pebble or little stone) is a branch of mathematics that includes the study of limits, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series, and constitutes a major part of modern university education. ... In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation in which the derivatives of a function appear as variables. ... Calculus (from Latin, pebble or little stone) is a branch of mathematics that includes the study of limits, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series, and constitutes a major part of modern university education. ...


Many positions, especially in research, require a doctoral degree. At the Master's level and higher, students tend to specialize in a particular field. Fields of specialization include experimental and theoretical astrophysics, atomic physics, molecular physics, biophysics, chemical physics, geophysics, material science, nuclear physics, optics, particle physics, and plasma physics. Post-doctorate experience may be required for certain positions. A doctorate is an academic degree of the highest level. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ... Atomic physics (or atom physics) is the field of physics that studies atoms as isolated systems comprised of electrons and an atomic nucleus. ... Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and of the chemical bonds between atoms that bind them into molecules. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Materials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ... For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. ... Thousands of particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per ion) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ... A Plasma lamp In physics and chemistry, a plasma is an ionized gas, and is usually considered to be a distinct phase of matter. ...


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Employment

The three major employers of career physicists are academic institutions, government laboratories, and private industry, with the largest employer being the last.[1] Many people who are trained as physicists, however, use their skills in other parts of the economy, in particular in engineering, computing, and finance. Some physicists take up careers where their knowledge of physics can be combined with further training in other disciplines, such as patent law in industry or private practice. In the United States, a majority of those in the private sector with a physics degree work outside physics, astronomy and engineering altogether.[2] Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... RAM (Random Access Memory) Look up computing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A patent attorney is an attorney who has the specialized qualifications necessary for representing clients in obtaining patents and acting in all matters and procedures relating to patent law and practice, such as filing an opposition. ...


See also

Albert Einstein, One of the world's most well known physicists
Albert Einstein, One of the world's most well known physicists

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1135x1493, 127 KB) from [1] Library of Congress description is: EINSTEIN, ALBERT. Photograph by Oren Jack Turner, Princeton, N.J. Copyrighted 1947. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1135x1493, 127 KB) from [1] Library of Congress description is: EINSTEIN, ALBERT. Photograph by Oren Jack Turner, Princeton, N.J. Copyrighted 1947. ... “Einstein” redirects here. ... The American Institute of Physics (AIP) is a professional body representing American physicists and publishing physics related journals. ... Engineering physics (EP) is an academic degree, usually at the level of Bachelor of Science. ... The Institute of Physics (IOP) is Britain and Irelands main professional body for physicists. ... Since antiquity, human beings have sought to understand the workings of nature: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, the character of the universe such as the form of the Earth and the behavior of celestial objects such as the Sun and the Moon... Below is a list of famous physicists. ... Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995) accepting the Nobel Prize for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics from 1901 to the present day. ... The term professional physicist has multiple meanings. ...

Further reading

Physics Today magazine, created in 1948, is the flagship publication of The American Institute of Physics. ...

External links

References

  1. ^ AIP Statistical Research Center. Initial Employment Report, Fig. 7. Retrieved on 21 Aug, 2006. Also relevant is: Institute of Physics. Education Statistics, Graph 4.11. Retrieved on 21 Aug, 2006.
  2. ^ AIP Statistical Research Center. Initial Employment Report, Table 1. Retrieved on 21 Aug, 2006.

  Results from FactBites:
 
Physicists and astronomers (2382 words)
Physicists explore and identify basic principles and laws governing motion and gravitation, the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of gases, and the structure and behavior of matter, the generation and transfer between energy, and the interaction of matter and energy.
Some physicists use these principles in theoretical areas, such as the nature of time and the origin of the universe; others apply their knowledge of physics to practical areas, such as the development of advanced materials, electronic and optical devices, and medical equipment.
Physicists generally specialize in one of many subfields: elementary particle physics, nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, physics of condensed matter (solid-state physics), optics, acoustics, space physics, plasma physics, or the physics of fluids.
  More results at FactBites »

 

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