?Piciformes
male Red-bellied Woodpecker, (Melanerpes carolinus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Piciformes Meyer & Wolf, 1810
Families
Galbulidae Bucconidae Capitonidae Ramphastidae Picidae Indicatoridae For prehistoric taxa, see text Image File history File linksMetadata Red-bellied_woodpecker_on_railing. ... Binomial name Melanerpes carolinus Linnaeus, 1758 The Red-bellied Woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus, is a medium-sized woodpecker. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Myxozoa (slime animals) Superphylum Deuterostomia (blastopore becomes anus) Chordata (vertebrates, etc. ... {{{subdivision_ranks}}} See below Chordates (phylum Chordata) are a group of animals that includes the vertebrates, together with several closely related invertebrates. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... Dr Bernhard Meyer (1767 - 1836) was a German physician and ornithologist. ... Genera Galbalcyrhynchus Brachygalba Jacamaralcyon Galbula Jacamerops The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, extending up to Mexico. ... Genera Notharchus Bucco Nystalus Hypnelus Micromonacha Nonnula Hapaloptila Chelidoptera Malacoptila Monasa The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine bird family Bucconidae are tropical near passerine birds from Mexico. ... This article is about the Barbet family of birds. ... Genera Aulacorhynchus Pteroglossus Baillonius Andigena Selenidera Ramphastos Toucans (in Portuguese: Tucano, Spanish: Tucán) are tropical near passerine birds from South America. ... Genera Many, see text. ... Genera Indicator Melichneutes Prodotiscus Honeyguide birds, also known as honey birds, indicator birds, and simply honeyguides, (family Indicatoridae) are several dull-colored near passerine bird species of the order Piciformes, notable for their method of obtaining food. ...

Six families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes, the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. There are about 67 genera in the six families and a little over 400 species. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Genera Melanerpes Sphyrapicus Xiphidiopicus Dendropicos Dendrocopos Picoides Veniliornis Campethera Geocolaptes Dinopium Meiglyptes Hemicircus Micropternus Picus Mulleripicus Dryocopus Celeus Piculus Colaptes Campephilus Chrysocolaptes Reinwardtipicus Blythipicus Gecinulus Sapheopipo For other uses, see Woodpecker (disambiguation). ...

In general, the Piciformes are insectivorous, although the toucans mostly eat fruit and the honeyguides beeswax. Nearly all Piciformes, like the parrots, have zygodactyl feet—two toes forward and two back, an arrangement that has obvious advantages for birds that spend much of their time on tree trunks. An exception is a North American genus of three-toed woodpeckers consisting of two members. The jacamars aside, Piciformes do not have down at any age, only true feathers. All nest in cavities and have altricial young. Genera Aulacorhynchus Pteroglossus Baillonius Andigena Selenidera Ramphastos For other uses, see Toucan (disambiguation). ... Genera Indicator Melichneutes Prodotiscus Honeyguide birds, also known as honey birds, indicator birds, and simply honeyguides, (family Indicatoridae) are several dull-colored near passerine bird species of the order Piciformes, notable for their method of obtaining food. ... Beeswax cake Fresh wax scales (in the middle of the lower row) Beeswax is a product from a bee hive. ... Families Cacatuidae Psittacidae The order Psittaciformes (Parrots) includes about 353 species of bird which are generally grouped into two families: the Cacatuidae or cockatoos, and the Psittacidae or true parrots. ... In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of an animal. ... Genera Galbalcyrhynchus Brachygalba Jacamaralcyon Galbula Jacamerops The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, extending up to Mexico. ... In bird and mammal biology, altricial species are those whose newly hatched or born young are relatively immobile, have closed eyes, lack hair or down, and must be cared for by the adults. ...

Systematics and evolution

The Galbulidae and Bucconidae are often separated into a distinct Galbuliformes order. Analysis of nuclear genes confirms that they form a lineage of their own, but suggests that they are better treated as a suborder. The other families form another monophyletic group of suborder rank, but the relationship of the Capitonidae to the toucans deserves more study; it seems that the African barbets are a very distinct lineage. The woodpeckers and honeyguides are each other's closest relatives (Johansson & Ericson, 2003). Nuclear gene is a gene located in the cell nucleus of an eucaryote. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...

Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Piciformes has been hampered by poor understanding of the evolution of the zygodactyl foot. A number of prehistoric families and genera, from the Early Eocene Neanis, the Zygodactylidae, to the Pliocene Bathoceleus are sometimes tentatively assigned to this order. There exist some extinct piciforms known from fossils which have been notoriously difficult to place but probably belong to the Pici. The modern families are known to exist since the Oligo- to Miocene. The Eocene epoch (56-34 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. ... Species Neanis schucherti (type) Neanis kistneri (see text) Neanis is an extinct genus of bird probably related to woodpeckers and toucans. ... The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts) is the period in the geologic timescale that extends from 5. ... In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils are the mineralized remains of animals or plants or other traces such as footprints. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... The Miocene epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23 to 5. ...

Unassigned

• Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. IRScNB Av 65 (fossil; Early Oligocene of Boutersem, Belgium)
• Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. SMF Av 429 (fossil; Late Oligocene of Herrlingen, Germany)

Suborder Galbulae An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ...

• Family Galbulidae (jacamars: 18 species)
• Family Bucconidae (puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets: some 30 species)

Suborder Pici Genera Galbalcyrhynchus Brachygalba Jacamaralcyon Galbula Jacamerops The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, extending up to Mexico. ... Genera Notharchus Bucco Nystalus Hypnelus Micromonacha Nonnula Hapaloptila Chelidoptera Malacoptila Monasa The puffbirds and their relatives in the near passerine bird family Bucconidae are tropical near passerine birds from Mexico. ...

• Family Capitonidae (barbets: about 80 species)
• Genus Capitonides (fossil; Early - Middle Miocene of Europe) - ramphastid or capitonid
• Genus Rupelramphastoides (fossil; Early Oligocene of Frauenweiler, Germany) - ramphastid?
• Family Ramphastidae (toucans: about 40 species)
• Family Primoscenidae (fossil)
• Family Miopiconidae (fossil)
• Family Picidae (woodpeckers, piculets, and wrynecks: over 200 species)
• Family Indicatoridae (honeyguides: 17 species)

This article is about the Barbet family of birds. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... Genera Aulacorhynchus Pteroglossus Baillonius Andigena Selenidera Ramphastos Toucans (in Portuguese: Tucano, Spanish: Tucán) are tropical near passerine birds from South America. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... Genera Many, see text. ... Genera Indicator Melichneutes Prodotiscus Honeyguides (family Indicatoridae) are near passerine birds of the order Piciformes. ...

References

• Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G. P. (2003): Molecular support for a sister group relationship between Pici and Galbulae (Piciformes sensu Wetmore 1960). Journal of Avian Biology 34: 185–197. PDF fulltext