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Encyclopedia > Pikes Peak
Pikes Peak

Pikes Peak from the East
Elevation 14,115 feet (4302 metres)
Location Colorado, USA
Range Front Range
Prominence 5,510 ft (1,680 m)
Coordinates 38°50′26″N, 105°02′39″W
Topo map USGS Pikes Peak
Type granite
Age of rock ~ 1.05 Gyr
First ascent 1820 by Edwin James and party
Easiest route cog railroad or drive

Pikes Peak (formerly Pike's Peak, see below) is a mountain in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, 10 miles (16 km) west of Colorado Springs, Colorado, in El Paso County. It is named for Zebulon Pike, an explorer who led an expedition to the southern Colorado area in 1806. At 14,115 feet (4302 m), it is one of Colorado's 54 fourteeners. Drivers race up the mountain in a famous annual race called the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. Pikes Peak is a federally designated National Historic Landmark. Although not nearly as famous as Pikes Peak in Colorado, Pikes Peak in Iowa, named by the explorer Zebulon Pike in 1805, is a bluff rising 500 feet above the Mississippi River near the town of McGregor. ... Pikes Peak from the east. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... For exotic financial options, see Mountain range (options). ... The Front Range is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Front Range is a mountain range in the United States on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, and on the western edge of the Great Plains. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... // Topographic maps are a variety of maps characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines in modern mapping, but historically using a variety of methods. ... InsertSLUTTY WHORES≤ non-formatted text here{| class=toccolours border=1 cellpadding=4 style=float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; clear: right; |+ United States Geological Survey |- |style= align=center colspan=2| [[Image:USGS logo. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... // For other uses, see time scale. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... Rack railway track using Von Roll system rack. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Mountain (disambiguation). ... The Front Range is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Front Range is a mountain range in the United States on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, and on the western edge of the Great Plains. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that History of Colorado Springs, Colorado be merged into this article or section. ... El Paso County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado. ... Zebulon Pike Jr. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... In mountaineering in the United States, a fourteener is a mountain that exceeds 14,000 feet (4,267. ... Suzuki Escudo at the 2006 Race to the Clouds The Pikes Peak International Hill Climb (PPIHC), also known as the The Race to the Clouds, is an annual pure gravel automobile and motorcycle hillclimb to the summit of Pikes Peak in Colorado, a distance of 19. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ...

Contents

Geography and geology

Much of the fame of Pikes Peak is due to its location near the eastern edge of the Rockies. Unlike most other similarly tall mountains in Colorado, it serves as a visible landmark for many miles to the east, far into the Great Plains of Colorado. Driving south on Interstate 25 towards the city of Colorado Springs, it comes into view from a distance of more than 130 miles (209 km). On a clear day, the peak can be seen from Denver (over 60 miles North), and from locations near the Kansas border to the east. The Great Plains covers much of the central United States, portions of Canada and Mexico. ... Interstate 25 (abbreviated I-25) is an interstate highway in the western United States. ... It has been suggested that History of Colorado Springs, Colorado be merged into this article or section. ... This article refers to the state capital of Colorado. ... Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ...


Pikes Peak is made of a characteristic pink granite, called Pikes Peak granite. The pink color is due to a large amount of potassium feldspar. The granite was formed by an igneous intrusion in the Pre-Cambrian age, approximately 1.05 billion years ago, during the Grenville orogeny. Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... The Pikes Peak Granite While Pikes Peak is one of the most famous mountains in the world, the granite it is made of is also quite distinctive. ... Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... The Precambrian or Cryptozoic is the period of the geologic timescale from the formation of Earth around 4500 million years before the present (BP) to the evolution of abundant macroscopic hard-shelled fossils, which marked the beginning of the Cambrian, some 542 million years BP. Remarkably little is known about... The Grenville orogeny was an episode of mountain-building (orogeny) associated with the assembly of the ancient supercontinent Rodinia. ...


Name

During the period of exploration in Colorado, many would refer to the mountain as "Pike's Peak," after Zebulon Pike, the man who first documented it. Later, some suggested "James' Peak," after Edwin James, the man who first climbed it. The name went back and forth until it was settled as the former. Zebulon Pike Jr. ...


Originally the peak was called "Pike's Peak", but in 1891, the newly-formed US Board on Geographic Names recommended against the use of apostrophes in names, so officially the name of the peak does not include an apostrophe. In addition, in 1978 the Colorado state legislature passed a law mandating the use of "Pikes Peak" only. Even so, the old name is often seen. Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) is a US Federal body whose purpose is to establish and maintain uniform usage of geographic names throughout the Federal Government. ... For the prime symbol (′) used for feet and inches, see Prime (symbol). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...


Discovery

Pikes Peak as seen from within Manitou Springs, Colorado.
Pikes Peak as seen from within Manitou Springs, Colorado.

The first non-natives to sight Pikes Peak were the members of the Pike expedition, led by Zebulon Pike. After a failed attempt to climb to the top in November 1806, Pike wrote in his journal (emphasis added): Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1604x956, 180 KB)Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1604x956, 180 KB)Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. ... Part of the commercial district Manitou Springs is a city located in El Paso County, Colorado. ... United States Army Captain Zebulon Pike led the Pike expedition (July 15, 1806 – July 1, 1807) to explore the south and west of the Louisiana Purchase. ... Zebulon Pike Jr. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

...here we found the snow middle deep; no sign of beast or bird inhabiting this region. The thermometer which stood at 9° above 0 at the foot of the mountain, here fell to 4° below 0. The summit of the Grand Peak, which was entirely bare of vegetation and covered with snow, now appeared at the distance of 15 or 16 miles [24–26 km] from us, and as high again as what we had ascended, and would have taken a whole day's march to have arrived at its base, when I believed no human being could have ascended to its pinical (sic -- "pinnacle" was intended). This with the condition of my soldiers who had only light overalls on, and no stockings, and every way ill provided to endure the inclemency of the region; the bad prospect of killing any thing to subsist on, with the further detention of two or three days, which it must occasion, determined us to return.

This entry has led to an oft-stated claim that Pike said no one had ever, nor would ever reach the top of Pikes Peak. Placed in context, he is making a reasonable assessment of his men's prospects of reaching the top in difficult circumstances.


History

Gold miners at Pikes Peak, ca. 1858.
Gold miners at Pikes Peak, ca. 1858.
Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. 1890
Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. 1890

The first European to climb the peak came 14 years after Pike in the summer of 1820. Edwin James, a young student who had just graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont, signed on as the relief botanist for the Long Expedition after the first botanist had died. The expedition explored the South Platte River up as far as present-day Denver, then turned south and passed close to what James called "Pike's highest peak." James and two other men left the expedition camped on the plains and climbed the peak in two days, encountering little difficulty. Along the way, he was the first to describe the blue columbine, Colorado's state flower. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1045x814, 82 KB) Summary Taken From: Alpenrose Press Web Site http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1045x814, 82 KB) Summary Taken From: Alpenrose Press Web Site http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1604x956, 180 KB)Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1604x956, 180 KB)Climbing Pikes Peak, Colorado, in winter, rounding Windy Point, ca. ... Middlebury College is a small, private liberal arts college located in the rural town of Middlebury, Vermont, United States. ... Official language(s) None Capital Montpelier Largest city Burlington Area  Ranked 45th  - Total 9,620 sq mi (24,923 km²)  - Width 80 miles (130 km)  - Length 160 miles (260 km)  - % water 3. ... The South Platte River in Denver, Colorado The South Platte River is one of the two principal tributaries of the Platte River and itself a major river of the American West, located in the U.S. states of Colorado and Nebraska. ... Binomial name Aquilegia caerulea James Aquilegia caerulea is a species of Aquilegia native to the Rocky Mountains from Montana south to New Mexico and west to Idaho and Arizona. ...


Gold was discovered in the area in 1858. Pike's Peak or Bust became the slogan of the Colorado Gold Rush; see also Fifty-Niner. This was more due to Pikes Peak's notoriety than any actual significant gold find anywhere near Pikes Peak. It was not until 1893, when an ancient volcanic caldera on the west slope, five miles wide, was found to have rich gold deposits. This became the Cripple Creek Mining District, and led in 1893 to the last major gold rush in the lower forty-eight states. Miners at Pikes Peak The Colorado Gold Rush was the boom in the prospecting and mining of gold in present-day Colorado in the United States that began in 1859 (when the land was still in the Kansas Territory) and lasted throughout the early 1860s. ... The Fifty-Niners trace to 1859, during the Colorado Gold Rush. ... Cripple Creek, is a city in Teller County, Colorado; it is the county seat. ...


In July 1860, Clark, Gruber & Company began minting gold coins in Denver bearing the phrase "Pikes Peak Gold" and an artist's rendering of the peak on the obverse. As the artist had never actually seen the peak, it looks nothing like it. In 1863 the US Treasury purchased their minting equipment for $25,000 to open the Denver Mint. 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... This article refers to the state capital of Colorado. ... In logic (and usually without being paired with reverse), obverse has a meaning close to contrapositive. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The U.S. Treasury building today. ... The Denver Mint The Denver Mint is a branch of the United States Mint established in 1862 that is today operational and produces coins for circulation, as well as mint sets and commemorative coins. ...


Katharine Lee Bates was moved to write the words to the song "America the Beautiful" in 1893, after having traveled to the top of Pikes Peak on a carriage ride. Katharine Lee Bates, (August 12, 1859 – March 28, 1929), is remembered as the author of the words to the anthem America the Beautiful. Bates was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. ... America the Beautiful is an American patriotic song which rivals The Star-Spangled Banner, the national anthem of the United States, in popularity. ...


Pikes Peak today

View of Pikes Peak, from Woodland Park
View of Pikes Peak, from Woodland Park
Pike's Peak visitor center (summit)
Pike's Peak visitor center (summit)

There is a visitor center with a gift shop and restaurant on the summit of Pikes Peak, and there are several ways to ascend the mountain. The Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway is a cog railroad operating from Manitou Springs to the summit year-round, conditions permitting. Automobiles can be driven to the summit via the Pikes Peak Highway, a 19 mile (31 kilometer) road which starts a few miles up Ute Pass at Cascade. This road, which is unpaved after the halfway point, was made famous worldwide by a short film featuring Ari Vatanen racing his Peugeot up the steep, twisty slopes as part of the annual Pikes Peak International Hillclimb race. The road has a series of switchbacks, treacherous at high speed, called "The W's" for their shape on the side of the mountain. The road is maintained by the city of Colorado Springs as a toll road. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 791 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2576 × 1952 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 791 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (2576 × 1952 pixel, file size: 1. ... A visitor center is a place where visitors to a location can get information on the areas attractions, lodging, maps, and other items relevant to tourism. ... M&PPR locomotive Pikes Peak circa 1893 The Manitou and Pikes Peak Railway is an Abt rack system cog railway in Colorado (United States), climbing the well-known mountain Pikes Peak. ... Rack railway track using Von Roll system rack. ... Part of the commercial district Manitou Springs is a city located in El Paso County, Colorado. ... The Pikes Peak Highway is a 19-mile toll road that runs from Cascade, Colorado to the summit house of Pikes Peak in El Paso County, Colorado. ... Ute Pass View of Divide from the pass Ute Pass, at 9,165 feet (2,793 m) above sea level, is a mountain pass just west of Divide, Colorado. ... Cascade is an unincorporated town and U.S. Post Office in El Paso County, Colorado, United States. ... Ari Vatanen (born April 27, 1952) is a Finnish rally driver turned politician and Member of the European Parliament. ... Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën. ... The Pikes Peak International Hillclimb is an annual tarmac/gravel hillclimb to the summit of Pikes Peak in Colorado. ... It has been suggested that History of Colorado Springs, Colorado be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


The most popular hiking route to the top is the Barr Trail, approaching the summit from the east. The trailhead is just past the cog railway depot in Manitou Springs. One can walk, hike, or bike the trail. Runners race to the top and back on the Barr Trail in the annual Pikes Peak Marathon. Some have pursued oddball feats on the trail, such as dribbling a soccer ball or walking backwards to the top. In 1929 Bill Williams of Rio Hondo, Texas, pushed a peanut to the summit with his nose over the course of three weeks.[1] Another route begins at the Crags Campground, approaching the summit from the west.[2][3]. July 2007 Barr Trail is a popular 12. ... The Pikes Peak Marathon is a foot race which begins at the base of Pikes Peak, in Manitou Springs, Colorado, and climbs over 7,700 feet (2347 meters) to the top of the 14,110 foot (4300 meter) tall peak. ... Jerec is a fictional character of the Star Wars universe, appearing in the computer game Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II. Jerec is the leader of the seven Dark Jedi that the player must face in the game. ... A football, when used in the singular, is a ball used to play one of the sports known as football. ... Rio Hondo is a city located in Cameron County, Texas. ...


Conditions at the top are, for the most part, not hospitable. The thin air contains only 60% of the oxygen available at sea level. Snow is a possibility any time year-round, and thunderstorms are common in the summer, bringing hail and wind gusts occasionally in excess of 100 m/h (160 km/h). Lightning is especially dangerous above the treeline. A signboard at the cog railway depot in Manitou Springs provides the summit temperature every day, a number that is rarely higher than 40 degrees Fahrenheit, even in mid-summer.


Since 1969, the summit of Pike's Peak has been the site of the United States Army Pike’s Peak Research Laboratory, a medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest. The United States Army Pikes Peak Research Laboratory, or simply the “Pikes Peak Lab”, is a modern medical research laboratory for the assessment of the impact of high altitude on human physiological and medical parameters of military interest. ...


Pikes Peak was once the home of a ski resort, but it closed due to a lack of snow; Pikes Peak does not receive the massive snowdrops that some other mountains do. Expensive snowmaking was required to make the resort feasible, and the high winds on Pikes Peak would often blow the artificial snow away ("to Kansas" as one of the former owners of the resort put it). Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area  Ranked 15th  - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²)  - Width 211 miles (340 km)  - Length 417 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ...


Gallery

See also

Mount Elbert is the highest peak of both the State of Colorado and the Rocky Mountains of North America. ... In mountaineering in the United States, a fourteener (or 14er) is a mountain peak that exceeds 14,000 feet (4,267. ... Mount Elbert, the highest peak of the Rocky Mountains of North America. ... View of Mount Elbert in the Sawatch Range, the highest peak of the Rocky Mountains of North America. ... A digital elevation model relief map of Colorado. ... The Front Range is shown highlighted on a map of the western United States The Front Range is a mountain range in the United States on the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains, and on the western edge of the Great Plains. ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska is the highest peak of North America. ... Mount Robson in British Columbia, the most topographically prominent peak of the Rocky Mountains of North America. ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska is the highest mountain peak of the United States of America. ... In mountaineering in the United States, a fourteener (or 14er) is a mountain peak that exceeds 14,000 feet (4,267. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...

Further reading

  • Rocky Mountain National Park: High Peaks: The Climber's Guide, Bernard Gillett, (Earthbound Sports; 2001) ISBN 0-9643698-5-0
  • Rock and Ice Climbing Rocky Mountain National Park: The High Peaks, Richard Rossiter, (Falcon; 1996) ISBN 0-934641-66-8

External links



  Results from FactBites:
 
Pikes Peak America's Mountain-General Information (697 words)
It is the farthest east of the big peaks in the Rocky Mountain chain, which contributed to its early fame among explorers, pioneers and immigrants and made it the symbol of the 1859 Gold Rush to Colorado with the slogan, "Pikes Peak or Bust".
The second event, the Pikes Peak Auto Hill Climb on Saturday in July 1, 2006 is a race on the 12.42 mile gravel road which starts around the 6 1/2 mile mark on the highway.
Pikes Peak Ranger personnel are on duty and patrol the road at all times when the Highway is open.
Pikes Peak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1294 words)
Pikes Peak is made of a characteristic pink granite, called Pikes Peak granite.
Originally the peak was called "Pike's Peak", but in 1891, the newly-formed US Board on Geographic Names recommended against the use of apostrophes in names, so officially the name of the peak does not include an apostrophe.
The Manitou and Pike's Peak Railway is a cog railroad operating from Manitou Springs to the summit year-round, conditions permitting.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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