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A pile is one type of building foundation. Piles are used when the soil near the ground surface is not strong and the weight of the building must be carried by deeper soil layers. The strength or bearing capacity of the soil can be measured using a cone penetration test. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 150 languages. ...
Pile can refer to a number of different things: Pile, a type of foundation A medical problem, see hemorrhoid A measure of the fibre length in carpets The working part of a nuclear reactor In heraldry, a pile is an ordinary, a downward-pointing triangle reaching from the top of...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (600x800, 82 KB) Piledriving at the Maxwell Bridge (Imola Avenue) in Napa, California. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (600x800, 82 KB) Piledriving at the Maxwell Bridge (Imola Avenue) in Napa, California. ...
Pneumatic crane working as a pile driver The pile driver or piledriver is a term used to describe a mechanical device which converts potential energy into kinetic energy (both forms of mechanical energy). ...
Napa is the county seat of Napa County, California. ...
A foundation is a structure that transmits loads from a building or road to the underlying ground. ...
Loess field in Germany Soil horizons are formed by combined biological, chemical and physical alterations. ...
The (Dutch) Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is a test to measure the strength or bearing capacity of (soft) soils. ...
Historically, piles were wood, later reinforced concrete and pre tensioned concrete. Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ...
Reinforced concrete at Sainte Jeanne dArc Church (Nice, France): architect Jacques Dror, 1926–1933 Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete in some countries, is concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars) or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the material that would otherwise be brittle. ...
Concrete is strong in compression but weak and structurally unreliable in tension. ...
Driven piling
Prefabricated piles are driven into the ground using a hydraulic hammer, a vibrator or a diesel pile driving rig supported on a drag line excavator. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
A Diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1906 Rudolf Diesels 1893 patent on his engine design The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine. ...
Look up Rig in Wiktionary, the free dictionary In Norse mythology, see RÃg. ...
Huge Manitowok 4600 Heavy lift Dragline at the SNS Project, 2005. ...
Driven piles are typically either wood, concrete, or steel. Wooden piles are typically made from trunks of tall trees. Concrete piles are available in square, octagonal, and round cross-section, are reinforced, and are often prestressed. Steel piles are either pipe piles or some sort of beam section. Historically, wood piles were spliced together when the bearing layer was too deep for use with a single pile; today splicing is only common with steel piles, though concrete piles can be spliced with difficulty. Concrete is strong in compression but weak and structurally unreliable in tension. ...
Drilled piles Also called drilled piers.
Rotary boring techniques offer larger diameter piles than any other piling method and permit pile construction through particularly dense or hard strata. Construction methods depend on the geology of the site. In particular, whether boring is to be undertaken in 'dry' ground conditions or through water-logged but stable strata - i.e. 'wet boring'.
'Dry' boring methods employ the use of a temporary casing to seal the pile bore through water-bearing or unstable strata overlying suitable stable material. Upon reaching the design depth, a reinforcing cage is introduced, concrete is poured in the bore and brought up to the required level. The casing can be withdrawn or left in situ.
'Wet' boring also employs a temporary casing through unstable ground and is used when the pile bore cannot be sealed against water ingress. Boring is then undertaken using a digging bucket to drill through the underlying soils to design depth. The reinforcing cage is lowered into the bore and concrete is placed by tremmie pipe, following which, extraction of the temporary casing takes place.
In some cases there may be a need to employ drilling fluids (such as bentonite suspension) in order to maintain a stable shaft. Rotary auger piles are available in diameters from 350 mm to 2400 mm and using these techniques, pile lengths of beyond 50 metres can be achieved. It has been suggested that Pascalite be merged into this article or section. ...
Underreamed piles Underream piles have mechanically formed enlarged bases that have been as much as 6m in diameter. The form is that of an inverted cone and can only be formed in stable soils. In such conditions they allow very high load bearing capacities.
Auger Cast Pile An auger cast pile is formed by drilling into the ground with a hollow stemmed continuous flight auger to the required depth or degree of resistance. No casing is required. A high slump concrete mix is then pumped down the stem of the auger. While the concrete is pumped, the auger is slowly withdrawn, lifting the spoil on the flights. A shaft of fluid concrete is formed to ground level. Reinforcement placed by hand is normally limited to 6 metres in depth. Longer reinforcement cages can be installed by a vibrator, or placed prior to pouring concrete if appropriate specialized drilling equipment is used. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 705 KB)CFA piling in Leciester File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 705 KB)CFA piling in Leciester File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
An auger is a device for moving material or liquid by means of a rotating helical flighting. ...
Casing is a metal tube used during drilling an oil well in combination with cement to sequentially stabilize recently drilled formation. ...
Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...
An electrically driven pump (electropump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany. ...
Rebar is common steel reinforcing bar, an important component of reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures. ...
Auger cast piles cause minimal disturbance, and are often used for noise and environmentally sensitive sites.
Specialty piling
Mini piling, micropiling Where the demands of the job require piles in low headroom or otherwise restricted areas, and for specialist and or smaller scale projects, many companies offer a range of mini piling services using hydraulic pressure or percussive and rotary. The micropiles can be installed using either drilling [1], impact driving, jacking, vibrating or screwing machinery. The micropiles are often grouted as shaft bearing piles but non-grouted micropiles are also common in Nordic Countries as end-bearing piles. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 711 KB) Minipiling File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 711 KB) Minipiling File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Tripod piling The use of a tripod rig to install piles is one of the more traditional ways of forming piles and although unit costs are generally higher than with most other forms of piling, it has several advantages which have ensured its continued use through to the present day. The tripod system is easy and inexpensive to bring to site, making it ideal for jobs with a small number of piles. It can work in restricted sites (particularly where height limits exist), and it is a very reliable, tried and tested system, useable in almost all ground conditions. Look up tripod in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Sheet piling
 Interlocking sheet piling Sheet piling is a form of driven piling using thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in the ground. The main application of steel sheet piles is in retaining walls and cofferdams erected to enable permanent works to proceed. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 4036 KB) Summary Sheet pile was used by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contractors to stem the flow of water from Lake Ponchartrain into the 17th Street Canal, New Orleans. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 4036 KB) Summary Sheet pile was used by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers contractors to stem the flow of water from Lake Ponchartrain into the 17th Street Canal, New Orleans. ...
Structure in the foreground is called a mud box - a kind of retaining wall built to hold the flood waters in check. ...
Scrivener Dam, in Canberra, Australia, was engineered to withstand a once-in-5000-years flood A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. ...
Soldier Pile/King Pile Soldier piles, also known as Berlin Walls,[citation needed] are constructed of wide flange steel H sections spaced about 2-3 m apart, driven prior to excavation. As the excavation proceeds, horizontal timber sheeting (lagging) is inserted behind the H pile flanges.
The horizontal earth pressures are concentrated on the soldier piles because of their relative rigidity compared to the lagging. Soil movement and subsidence is minimised by maintaining the lagging in firm contact with the soil.
Soldier piles are most suitable in conditions where well constructed walls will not result in subsidence such as overconsolidated clays, soils above the water table if they have some cohesion, and free draining soils which can be effectively de-watered, e.g. sands.
Unsuitable soils include soft clays and weak running soils that allow large movements such as loose sands. It is also not possible to extend the wall beyond the bottom of the excavation and de-watering is often required.
Piled walls These methods of retaining wall construction employ bored piling techniques - normally CFA or rotary. They provide special advantages where available working space dictates that basement excavation faces be vertical. Both methods offer technically effective and cost efficient temporary or permanent means of retaining the sides of bulk excavations even in water bearing strata. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1527 KB) Summary The 17th Street Canal stretches southward between Jefferson and Orleans Parishes in this aerial photo taken Sunday, September 4. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1527 KB) Summary The 17th Street Canal stretches southward between Jefferson and Orleans Parishes in this aerial photo taken Sunday, September 4. ...
Nickname: The Crescent City, The Big Easy, The City That Care Forgot, NOLA (acronym for New Orleans, LA) Location in the State of Louisiana and the United States Coordinates: Country United States State Louisiana Parish Orleans Founded 1718 Mayor Ray Nagin (D) Area - City 350. ...
Lowest pressure 902 mbar (hPa; 26. ...
Structure in the foreground is called a mud box - a kind of retaining wall built to hold the flood waters in check. ...
When used in permanent works, these walls can be designed to accommodate vertical loads in addition to moments and horizontal forces. In physics, the moment of force (often just moment, though there are other quantities of that name such as moment of inertia) is a quantity that represents the magnitude of force applied to a rotational system at a distance from the axis of rotation. ...
In physics, force is an influence that may cause a body to accelerate. ...
Construction of both methods is the same as for foundation bearing piles. Contiguous walls are constructed with small gaps between adjacent piles. The size of this space is determined by the nature of the soils.
Secant piled walls are constructed such that space is left between alternate 'female' piles for the subsequent construction of 'male' piles. Construction of 'male' piles involves boring through the concrete in the 'female' piles in order to key 'male' piles between them. The male pile is the one where steel reinforcement cages are installed though in some cases, the female piles are also reinforced.
Secant piled walls can either be true hard/hard, hard/intermediate (firm), or hard/soft, depending on design requirements.
All types of wall can be constructed as free standing cantilevers, or may be propped if space and sub-structure design permit. Where party wall agreements allow, ground anchors can be used as tie backs. The cantilevered beam (green) projects out into space from its supports (blue). ...
See also slurry wall. A slurry wall is a type of wall used to build tunnels, open cuts and foundations in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high water table. ...
See also Deep foundations are foundations for structures and/or other heavy loads that circumvent weak or compressible soil layers to provide adequate support for the aforementioned structures or loads. ...
A drilling rig is a structure housing equipment used to drill into underground reservoirs for water, oil, or natural gas, or into sub-surface mineral deposits. ...
Bostons Big Dig presented geotechnical challenges in an urban environment. ...
References - Ruwan Rajapakse, Pile Design and Construction Guide, 2002.
- Fleming, W. G. K. et al, 1985, Piling Engineering, Surrey University Press; Hunt, R. E., Geotechnical Engineering Analysis and Evaluation, 1986, McGraw-Hill.
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