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The Akimel O'odham or Pima are a group of Native Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona (USA) and Sonora (Mexico). The name means "river people". They are closely related to the Tohono O'odham (meaning "desert people", formerly known as Papago). The name "Pima" apparently comes from a phrase that means "I don't know", used repeatedly in their initial meeting with Europeans. A Hupa man, 1923 The term indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European explorers in the 15th century, as well as many present-day ethnic groups who identify themselves with those historical peoples. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 6th 113,998 sq mi 295,254 km² 310 miles 500 km 400 miles 645 km 0. ...
Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ...
The Tohono Oodham are a Native American tribe formerly known as the Papago who reside primarily in the Sonoran Desert of the southwest United States and northwest Mexico. ...
History prior to 1539
The Akimel O'odham lived along the Gila River, Salt River, Yaqui River, and Sonora River. There are irrigation systems around the Gila and Salt rivers that predate the Akimel O'odham, which are presumed to be the work of the Hohokam, which means "those who have gone" in the language of the Akimel O'odham. The language is part of the Uto-Aztecan family. The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Gila River (Oodham [Pima]: Hila Akimel) is a tributary of the Colorado River, 630 mile (1,014 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ...
The Salt River, a tributary of the Gila, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States and Mexico The Salt River (Oodham [Pima]: Onk Akimel) is a tributary of the Gila River, approximately 200 mi (322 km) long, in central Arizona in the United States. ...
ÉŸThe Yaqui River (RÃo Yaquiin Spanish) is a river in the state of Sonora in northwestern Mexico. ...
Hohokam is the name of one of the four major prehistoric archaeological traditions of the American Southwest. ...
The Uto-Aztecan languages are a Native American language family. ...
The economy of the Akimel O'odham consisted of farming, hunting, and gathering. The made baskets and wove cloth. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, their primary military rival were the Apache, who raided their villages at times. Group of Apaches Apache is the collective name for several culturally related tribes of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan language. ...
History after 1539 The first reported contact with Europeans was in 1539 with the Spanish missionary Marcos de Niza. Later missionary visitors were Father Eusebio Kino and Father Francisco Garcés. The Spanish civil authorities moved into the land and established forts, ranches, and mines. The treatment of the Spanish led to unsuccessful rebellions between 1695 and 1751. European farmers came to the Gila River in the last half of the 19th century, eventually pushing the Akimel O'odham into a reservation on the Salt River. This was left by Marcos de Niza in 1539 at what is now Phoenix South_Mountain_Park Marcos de Niza (c. ...
Bronze by Suzanne Silvercruys. ...
Padre Francisco Tomás Garcés (April 12, 1738 - July 18, 1781), a Spanish Franciscan priest, was a missionary who explored much of the southwestern part of North America, including what is now Arizona and southern California. ...
In the United States an Indian reservation is land which is managed by a Native American tribe under the United States Department of the Interiors Bureau of Indian Affairs. ...
Modern life Currently, the bulk of the people are in the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community and Gila River Indian Community, which they share with the Maricopa people. Some of the Akimel O'odham are also at the Ak-Chin Indian Community, which is primarily home to the Tohono O'odham. Current enterprises include casinos, golf courses, landfills, and construction supply. The Gila River Indian Community is a reservation in Arizona, south of Phoenix, Arizona, Tempe, Arizona and Chandler, Arizona. ...
For the county in Arizona, see Maricopa County, Arizona The Maricopa, or Pipaash, are a Native American ethnic group that consisted of small groups of people situated on the banks of the Colorado River that came together in the 19th century. ...
The Ak-Chin Indian Community is a Native American community located in the Santa Cruz Valley in Arizona. ...
Pima natives (adolescents and adults) are recognized as having a very high risk of type 2 diabetes, hypothesized as being due to the thrifty genotype by Dr. Bernstein[citation needed]. Diabetes mellitus type 2 (formerly Diabetes mellitus type II and also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, relative insulin deficiency and obesity. ...
Pimas of note - Ira Hayes - (1923–1955) Marine Paratrooper and Iwo Jima flagraiser
Ira Hayes Ira Hayes (January 12, 1923 – January 24, 1955) was a Native American hero of World War IIs Battle of Iwo Jima. ...
See also Oodham (often referred to by the names of its two nearly-identical main dialect groupings, Papago (Tohono) and Pima (Akimel)) is an Uto-Aztecan language of Southern Arizona and northern Sonora where the Papago and Pima reside. ...
Bibliography - Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York: Checkmark, 1999. ISBN 0-8160-3964-X
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