| Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge | | IUCN Category IV (Habitat/Species Management Area) | | | | Location: | South Carolina, USA | | Nearest city: | Hilton Head Island, South Carolina | | Coordinates: | 32°14′37.5648″N, 80°45′55.0980″W | | Area: | 4,053 acres | | Established: | 1975 | | Visitation: | 400,000 (in 2004) | | Governing body: | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
 The Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge is a 4,053 acre National Wildlife Refuge located in Beaufort County, South Carolina. Named after Major General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, it was established to provide a nature and forest preserve for aesthetic and conservation purposes. The World Conservation Union or International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ...
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Official language(s) English Capital Charleston(1670-1789) Columbia(1790-present) Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32°430N to 35...
A view of the beach on the islands Port Royal plantation. ...
1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife. ...
Image File history File links Logo of the National Wildlife Refuge system of the United States. ...
National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. ...
Beaufort County is a county located in the state of South Carolina. ...
Charles Cotesworth (C.C.) Pinckney (February 5, 1746 – August 16, 1825), was an early American statesman and a signer of the U.S. Constitution. ...
The refuge is one of seven refuges administered by the Savannah Coastal Refuges Complex in Savannah, Georgia. The complex has a combined staff of 31 with a fiscal year 2005 budget of $3,582,000. Nickname: Coordinates: County Chatham Mayor Otis S. Johnson Area - City 202. ...
History
Pinckney Island NWR is archaeologically rich, with 115 prehistoric and historic sites identified. Analysis of the prehistoric sites indicate human occupation dating from the Archaic Period (8000-1000 BC), with intensive use during the Mississippian Period (1000-1500 AD). Archaeology, archeology, or archology (from the Greek words αÏχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ...
The name Archaic Period is given by archaeologists to the earliest periods of a culture. ...
This article is about the geologic period; for the North American culture, see Mississippian culture. ...
Historic artifacts indicate that small scale, impermanent settlements were made on Pinckney by French and Spanish groups in the 16th and 17th centuries. Permanent settlements did not occur until 1708 when Alexander Mackay, an Indian trader, obtained title to 200 acres of Pinckney Island. By 1715, Mackay had acquired the rest of Pinckney and most of the other islands which comprise the present refuge. In 1736, Mackay's widow sold the islands to Charles Pinckney, father of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. General Pinckney was a commander during the Revolutionary War, a signer of the United States Constitution, and, in 1804 and 1808, a presidential candidate. Pinckney was an absentee landowner until 1804, when he moved to the island and began managing the property. The Pinckney family developed the islands into a plantation, removing much of the maritime forest and draining and tilling the fertile soil. By 1818, over 200 slaves were being used to produce fine quality long-staple Sea Island Cotton on 297 acres; 386 slaves lived on the island by 1840. Charles Pinckney (d. ...
Charles Cotesworth (C.C.) Pinckney (February 5, 1746 – August 16, 1825), was an early American statesman and a signer of the U.S. Constitution. ...
Combatants American Revolutionaries France The Netherlands Spain Native Americans Great Britain Iroquois Confederacy German mercenaries American Loyalists Native Americans Commanders George Washington Horatio Gates Marquis de Lafayette Friedrich Steuben Comte de Rochambeau Nathanael Greene Bernardo de Gálvez Sir William Howe Thayendanegea Sir Henry Clinton Lord Cornwallis (more commanders) The...
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ...
A plantation is an intentional planting of a crop, on a larger scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. ...
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Sea Island Cotton or long-staple cotton commanded high prices from makers of fine fabrics in the 1700s. ...
The plantation flourished until the American Civil War when it was occupied by Union troops. Small skirmishes took place on Pinckney Island. The most significant incident occurred on August 21, 1862, when the Confederate Beaufort Light Artillery/11th Infantry attacked the camp of Company H, Third Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteers, killing four Union soldiers and wounding ten men (eight Confederate, two Union). Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Lincoln, President Ulysses S. Grant, General Jefferson Davis, President Robert E. Lee, General Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action...
The 21st Michigan Infantry, a company of Shermans veterans. ...
August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
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Army records also reflect that black troops were recruited for the Union Army from the area. Five military (U.S. Colored Troops) headstones are located in a cemetery on the northwest side of Pinckney Island indicating the possibility that slaves living on the plantation during the Civil War were recruited by the U.S. Army. The United States Colored Troops (USCT) were those regiments of the United States Army during the American Civil War which were made up of African-American soldiers. ...
After the war, the plantation did not prosper, and by the 1930's, was virtually abandoned. In 1937, after over 200 years of Pinckney ownership, the plantation was sold to Ellen Bruce, wife of James Bruce, a New York banker who used the property as a hunting preserve. Hardwoods and pine were planted, ponds were built to attract waterfowl and for irrigation, and 70 percent of the farm fields were placed back into cultivation. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...
Falcated Duck at Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands centre, Gloucestershire, England Wildfowl or waterfowl, also waterbirds, is the collective term for the approximately 147 species of swans, geese and ducks, classified in the order Anseriformes, family Anatidae. ...
Edward Starr and James Madison Barker, a distinguished MIT alumnus and early leader in the field of international business, purchased the islands in 1954 and continued to manage them as a game preserve. In 1975, the islands were donated to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to be managed exclusively as a National Wildlife Refuge and as a nature and forest preserve for aesthetic and conservation purposes. The Pinckney Island NWR was established on December 4, 1975. The USFWS logo The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is a unit of the United States Department of the Interior that is dedicated to managing and preserving wildlife. ...
National Wildlife Refuge is a designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. ...
Topography The 4,053-acre refuge includes Pinckney Island, Corn Island, Big Harry and Little Harry Islands, Buzzard Island and numerous small hammocks. Pinckney is the largest of the islands and the only one open to public use. Nearly 67% of the refuge consists of saltmarsh and tidal creeks. A wide variety of land types are found on Pinckney Island alone: saltmarsh, forestland, brushland, fallow field and freshwater ponds. In combination, these habitats support a diversity of bird and plant life. Hardwood Hammocks Hammocks are dense stands of hardwood trees that grow on natural rises of only a few inches in the land. ...
Atlantic coastal salt marsh in Connecticut, USA. WEED - Marine Park, Salt marsh Nature Center in Brooklyn, NY GRASS - Marine Park, Salt marsh Nature Center in Brooklyn, NY The panoramic view of Marine Park Salt Marsh Nature Center in Brooklyn, NY Walkway for people. ...
Satellite image of circular crop fields in Haskell County, Kansas in late June 2001. ...
A pond is typically a body of water smaller than a lake. ...
Wildlife and protected species Several threatened and endangered species are protected on the refuge, including the American Alligator, Flatwoods Salamander, Bald Eagle, and the Wood Stork. Other wildlife commonly observed on Pinckney Island include waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, raptors, neo-tropical migrants, and white-tailed deer, with large concentrations of white ibis, herons, and egrets. Binomial name Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1801) American Alligator range map The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the two living species of Alligator, a genus within the family Alligatoridae. ...
Binomial name Ambystoma cingulatum (Cope, 1868) The Flatwoods Salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum) has a very narrow distribution occupying seasonally wet, pine flatwoods and savannahs from southern South Carolina, southern Georgia, and northern Florida west to southern Alabama (Petranka 1998). ...
Binomial name Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), also known as the American Eagle, is a bird of prey found in North America, most recognizable as the national bird of the United States. ...
Binomial name Mycteria americana Linnaeus, 1758 The Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ...
Binomial name Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, 1780 The White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer found throughout most of the continental United States, southern Canada, Mexico, Central America and northern portions of South America as far south as Peru. ...
There are three species of bird named White Ibis. ...
Genera See text. ...
Genera Egretta Ardea An egret is any of several herons, most of which are white or buff, and several of which develop fine plumes during the breeding season. ...
Facilities There is no visitor center at the refuge. However, there are opportunities for hiking, cycling, photography and wildlife observation.
Each year the refuge holds a one-day quota deer hunt to ensure that population numbers remain in balance with the surrounding habitat. However, fishing is prohibited from the land portions of the refuge.
Trails There 41.5 miles of hiking trails on the refuge on nine different trails: - Ibis Pond - 1.2 miles, round trip; one and a half hours
- Shell Point - 4.6 miles, round trip; four hours and 15 minutes
- Wood Stork Pond - 2.7 miles, round trip; two and a half hours
- Osprey Pond - 3.0 miles, round trip; three hours
- Nini Chapin Pond - 3.6 miles, round trip; three and a half hours
- Bull Point - 5.0 miles, round trip; five hours
- Dick Point - 7.4 miles, round trip; six and a half hours
- Clubhouse Pond - 6.2 miles, round trip; five and a half hours
- White Point - 7.8 miles, round trip; seven hours
See also This is a list of some 300 of the National Wildlife Refuges in the United States. ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
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