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Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (Oglala Oyanke in Lakota) is an Oglala Sioux Native American reservation located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Pine Ridge was established in the southwest corner of South Dakota on the Nebraska border and consists of 8,984.306 km² (3,468.86 sq mi) of land area, the eighth-largest reservation in the United States, larger than Delaware and Rhode Island combined. Most of the land comprising the reservation lies within Shannon County and Jackson County, two of the poorest counties in the U.S. In addition, there are extensive off-reservation trust lands, mostly in adjacent Bennett County, but also extending into adjacent Whiteclay, Nebraska in Sheridan County, just south of the community of Pine Ridge, the reservation's administrative center and largest community. The 2000 census population of all these lands was 15,521. However, a study conducted by Colorado State University and accepted by the Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development estimate the resident population to be approximately 28,000. Image File history File links Pine_Ridge_Flag. ...
Image File history File links Pine_Ridge_Flag. ...
Eddie Plenty Holes, a Sioux Indian photographed about 1899. ...
Alternative meaning: Lakota, Côte dIvoire is a département of Côte dIvoire. ...
Native Americans are the indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, including parts of Alaska down to their descendants in modern times. ...
BIA map of reservations in the United States Tribal sovereignty: Map of the United States, with non-reservation land highlighted. ...
Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal A state of the United States is any one of the fifty subnational entities referred to...
Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area Ranked 17th - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 380 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Dover Largest city Wilmington Area Ranked 49th - Total 2,491 sq mi (6,452 km²) - Width 30 miles (48 km) - Length 100 miles (161 km) - % water 21. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Shannon County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. ...
Jackson County is a county located in the state of South Dakota. ...
Bennett County is a county located in the state of South Dakota. ...
Whiteclay is an unincorporated village (referred to as Pine Ridge by the Census Bureau) that lies on the Nebraska/South Dakota border; Whiteclay has a population of 14. ...
Sheridan County is a county located in the state of Nebraska. ...
Pine Ridge is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...
Unemployment on the Reservation hovers around 85% and 97% live below the Federal poverty levelcitation needed. Average annual family income is $3,800 as of 1999[1]. Adolescent suicide is 4 times the National average. Many of the families have no electricity, telephone, running water, or sewer. Many families use wood stoves to heat their homes. The population on Pine Ridge has among the shortest life expectancies of any group in the Western Hemisphere: approximately 47 years for males and in the low 50s for females. The infant mortality rate is five times the United States national average. Percent below each countrys official poverty line, according to the CIA factbook. ...
History
Pine Ridge Reservation was originally part of the Great Sioux Reservation established in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and originally encompassed approximately 60 million acres (240,000 km²) of parts of South Dakota, Nebraska and Wyoming. In 1876, the U.S. government violated the treaty of 1868 by opening up 7.7 million acres (31,000 km²) of the Black Hills to homesteaders and private interests. In 1889 the remaining area of Great Sioux Reservation was divided into seven separate reservations: Cheyenne River Agency, Crow Creek Agency, Lower Brule Agency, Rosebud Agency, Sisseton Agency, Yankton Agency and Pine Ridge Agency. The Great Sioux Reservation was established in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, and includes all of modern Western South Dakota (commonly known as West River South Dakota) and modern Boyd County, Nebraska. ...
Treaty signing by William T. Sherman and the Sioux at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area Ranked 17th - Total 77,163 sq mi (199,905 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 380 miles (610 km) - % water 1. ...
For other uses, see Nebraska (disambiguation). ...
Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area Ranked 10th - Total 97,818 sq mi (253,348 km²) - Width 280 miles (450 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 0. ...
1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
The Black Hills The Black Hills are a small, isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, USA. Set off from the main body of the Rocky Mountains, the region is somewhat of a geological anomaly—accurately described as...
The Homestead Act of 1836 was a United States federal law that gave one quarter of a section of a township (160 acres, or about 65 hectares) of undeveloped land in the American West to any family head or person who was at least 21 years of age, provided he...
1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Cheyenne River Indian Reservation was created in 1889 following the defeat of the Lakota in the Indian Wars of the 1870s. ...
The Crow Creek Indian Reservation is located on the east bank of the Missouri River in central South Dakota. ...
The Rosebud Indian Reservation is home of the Sicangu Oyate, also known as the Sicangu Lakota, the Upper Brule Sioux Nation, and the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. ...
 Tashun-Kakokipa (Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses) at his lodge on the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1891 Starting on February 27, 1973, the reservation was the site of the Wounded Knee Incident, a 71-day stand-off between entrenched American Indian Movement (AIM) activists and FBI agents and the National Guard. Some 200 activists occupied the site of the 1890 Wounded Knee massacre in protest of poor conditions on the reservations. In the months after the stand-off ended peacefully, a number of murders of those opposed to the tribal government installed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs took place, many of which were never solved.[citation needed] Image File history File links Tashun-Kakokipa (Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses, an Oglala Sioux; standing in front of his lodge,Pine Ridge, South Dakota. ...
Image File history File links Tashun-Kakokipa (Young-Man-Afraid-of-His-Horses, an Oglala Sioux; standing in front of his lodge,Pine Ridge, South Dakota. ...
February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ...
The Wounded Knee Incident began in February 1973, and represented the longest civil disorder in the history of the Marshals Service. ...
AIM logo AIM flag The American Indian Movement (AIM), is a Native American activist organization in the United States. ...
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
The United States National Guard is a component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air National Guard). ...
Combatants Sioux United States Commanders Big Foot†James W. Forsyth Strength 120 men 230 women and children 500 men Casualties 153 killed 50 wounded 150 missing 25 killed 39 wounded The Wounded Knee massacre was the last major armed conflict between the Lakota Sioux and the United States, subsequently described...
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the Department of the Interior charged with the administration and management of 55. ...
On June 26, 1975, the reservation was the site of an armed confrontation between AIM activists and the US Federal Bureau of Investigation in an event which became known as the Pine Ridge Shootout. This resulted in the death of two FBI agents and one Native American, Joe Stuntz. The hunt for the killer(s) of the two FBI agents led to the controversial extradition, trial, and conviction of the AIM member Leonard Peltier [1] The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
Leonard Peltier behind bars. ...
On February 24, 1976, Anna Mae Aquash, a Mi'kmaq activist and member of AIM, was found shot to death by the side of State Road 73 in the far northeast corner of the Pine Ridge Reservation. In February, 2004, Fritz Arlo Looking Cloud, a homeless Lakota man, was tried and convicted of her murder. He was given a mandatory sentence of life in prison. John Graham, a Southern Tutchone Athabascan man from Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, was also indicted for the murder. He is presently appealing an order for his extradition to face trial in the U.S. The alleged motive for the murder was the mistaken belief that Ms. Aquash was a government informant. Anna Mae Aquash (also Anna Mae Pictou Aquash or Anna Mae Pictou; first name also spelled Annie Mae; Indian name Naguset Eask) (b. ...
It has been suggested that Lnu be merged into this article or section. ...
Eddie Plenty Holes, a Sioux Indian photographed about 1899. ...
The Southern Tutchone are a First Nations people living mainly in the southern Yukon in Canada. ...
Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Athapascan or Athapaskan) is the name of a large group of distantly related Native American peoples, also known as the Athabasca Indians or Athapaskes, and of their language family. ...
On March 21, 2006, Oglala Sioux tribal president Cecilia Fire Thunder announced her intention to bring a women's health clinic to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, which would provide abortions in the event that the South Dakota abortion signed into law by South Dakota Governor Mike Rounds were to take effect. [2] [3] Alternative meaning: Lakota, Côte dIvoire is a département of Côte dIvoire. ...
Cecilia Fire Thunder (born 1946, Pine Ridge, South Dakota) has worked as a nurse, and is currently president of the Oglala Sioux Tribe of South Dakota, residing on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. ...
Marion Michael Mike Rounds (born October 24, 1954) is an American politician. ...
On May 31, 2006, the Oglala Sioux tribal council unanimously voted to ban all abortions on the reservation, regardless of the circumstances (i.e. no provision in case of rape, incest, health of the mother). According to Indian Country Today, the ban also includes "the use of any drug that would prevent a pregnancy or abort a fetus the day after any sexual activity." The council also voted to suspend tribal president Cecilia Fire Thunder for 20 days pending an impeachment hearing. [4]
A month after her suspension, on June 29, 2006, Fire Thunder was impeached from her duties as Tribal President. Six charges were made against Fire Thunder, the most topical being that she organized the aforementioned clinic outside of her authority as president and that she didn't consult with the council about the project and get their permission. Other charges were that Fire Thunder used the media, the U.S. Post Office and the Oglala Sioux Tribe to solicit funds for the clinic.
The reservation is also the setting for the Chris Eyre movie Skins and the book On the Rez by Ian Frazier. Ian Frazier is an American writer and humorist who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1951. ...
Communities
Allen is a census-designated place located in Bennett County, South Dakota. ...
Batesland is a town located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Kyle is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Manderson-White Horse Creek is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Oglala is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Pine Ridge is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Porcupine is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
Wanblee is a census-designated place located in Jackson County, South Dakota. ...
Whiteclay is an unincorporated village (referred to as Pine Ridge by the Census Bureau) that lies on the Nebraska/South Dakota border; Whiteclay has a population of 14. ...
Wounded Knee is a census-designated place located in Shannon County, South Dakota. ...
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