Pinkerton guards escort strikebreakers in Buchtel, Ohio, 1884

The Pinkerton National Detective Agency, usually shortened to the Pinkertons, was a private U.S. security guard and detective agency established by Allan Pinkerton in 1850. Pinkerton had become famous when he foiled a plot to assassinate president-elect Abraham Lincoln, who later hired Pinkerton agents for his personal security during the Civil War. (At the time of Lincoln's assassination, his security was no longer handled by Pinkerton, but by U.S. Army personnel.) Pinkerton's agents performed services ranging from security guards to private military contracting work. At its height, the Pinkerton National Detective Agency employed more agents than there were members of the standing army of the United States of America, causing the state of Ohio to outlaw the agency due to fears it could be hired out as a private army or militia. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (836x606, 176 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Pinkerton National Detective Agency ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (836x606, 176 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Pinkerton National Detective Agency ... Buchtel is a village located in Athens and Hocking counties in Ohio, just northeast of Nelsonville, Ohio. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... A security officer guards a construction site in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Portrait of Allan Pinkerton from Harpers Weekly, 1884 Allan Pinkerton (August 25, 1819 – July 1, 1884) was a U.S. detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton Agency, the first detective agency of the United States. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A President-elect is a candidate who has officially been elected President, but who has not yet acceded to his Office, as it is still occupied by the out-going President. ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The United States Army is the largest, and by some standards oldest, established branch of the armed forces of the United States and is one of seven uniformed services. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... This article is about the U.S. State. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...

During the labor unrest of the late 19th century, businessmen hired Pinkerton agents to infiltrate unions, and guards to keep strikers and suspected unionists out of factories. The most well known such confrontation was the Homestead Strike of 1892, in which Pinkerton agents were called in to enforce the strikebreaking measures of Henry Clay Frick, acting on behalf of Andrew Carnegie, who was abroad; the ensuing conflicts between Pinkerton agents and striking workers led to several deaths on both sides. The Pinkertons were also used as guards in coal, iron, and lumber disputes in Illinois, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania, as well as the railroad strikes of 1877. Labor spies may be referred to as spies, operatives, agents, agents provocateurs, saboteurs, infiltrators, informants, spotters, special police, or detectives. ... Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by employees to perform work. ... The Lawrence textile strike (1912), with soldiers surrounding peaceful demonstrators A trade union or labor union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and working conditions, forming a cartel of labour. ... The Homestead Strike was a labor lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Henry Clay Frick Henry Clay Frick (December 19, 1849 – December 2, 1919) was an American industrialist and art patron. ... Andrew Carnegie (properly pronounced , but commonly or )[1] (November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish industrialist, businessman, a major philanthropist, and the founder of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Mellon University, and Pittsburghs Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The company now operates as Pinkerton Consulting and Investigations, a division of the Swedish security company Securitas AB, although its government division is still known as Pinkerton Government Services. The organization was pejoratively called the "Pinks" by the outlaws and opponents. // Securitas AB was founded in 1934 in Sweden, and has since expanded and grown into various areas of the security business. ... This article is about the color. ... For other senses of this word, see outlaw (disambiguation). ...

Pinkerton logo

Image File history File links We_never_sleep. ... Image File history File links We_never_sleep. ...

Origins

In the 1850s, Allan Pinkerton partnered with Chicago attorney Edward Rucker, in forming the North-Western Police Agency, later known as the Pinkerton Agency. ^[1][2][3] Portrait of Allan Pinkerton from Harpers Weekly, 1884 Allan Pinkerton (August 25, 1819 – July 1, 1884) was a U.S. detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton Agency, the first detective agency of the United States. ...

Historian Frank Morn writes: "By the mid-1850s a few businessmen saw the need for greater control over their employees; their solution was to sponsor a private detective system. In February 1855, Allan Pinkerton, after consulting with six midwestern railroads, created such an agency in Chicago."^[4]

Government work

In 1871, Congress appropriated $50,000 to the new Department of Justice (DOJ) to form a suborganization devoted to "the detection and prosecution of those guilty of violating federal law." The amount was insufficient for the DOJ to fashion an integral investigating unit, so the DOJ contracted out the services to the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.^[5] Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building, Washington, D.C. For animal rights group, see Justice Department (JD) The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the...

However, since passage of the Anti-Pinkerton Act in 1893, federal law has stated that an "individual employed by the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization, may not be employed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia."^[6]

Molly Maguires

Main article: Molly Maguires

In the 1870s, Franklin B. Gowen, then president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad hired the agency to investigate the labor unions in the company's mines. A Pinkerton agent, James McParland, infiltrated the Molly Maguires using the alias James McKenna, leading to the downfall of this militant labor union. The incident was the inspiration for Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes novel The Valley of Fear. A Pinkerton agent also appears in a small role in The Adventure of the Red Circle, another Holmes story. For the movie, see The Molly Maguires (film). ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... Franklin Benjamin Gowen (February 9, 1836 – December 13, 1889) served as president of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad (also known by the abbreviated name, the Reading Railroad) in the 1870s. ... 1884 map of the Pennsylvania, Reading and Lehigh Valley Railroads The Reading Railroad (AAR reporting mark RDG), officially known as the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, operated in southeast Pennsylvania and neighboring states. ... James McParland[1] was a Pinkerton agent. ... For the movie, see The Molly Maguires (film). ... Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish author most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. ... This article is about Arthur Conan Doyles fictional detective. ... The Valley of Fear is a Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. ... The Adventure of the Red Circle, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of eight stories in the cycle collected as His Last Bow. ...

Pinkerton men leaving a barge after their surrender during the Homestead Strike

Homestead Strike

Main article: Homestead Strike

During the Homestead Strike, the arrival, on July 6, 1892, of a force of 300 Pinkerton detectives from New York and Chicago, who were called in by Henry Clay Frick to protect the mill and replacement workers ("scabs"), resulted in a fight in which about 11 men were killed, and to restore order two brigades of the state militia were called out. The Homestead Strike was a labor lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. ... The Homestead Strike was a labor lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by employees to perform work. ... Lebanese Kataeb militia The term Militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary [1] citizens to provide defense, emergency, law enforcement, or paramilitary service, and those engaged in such activity, without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. ...

Steunenberg murder and trial

Main article: Frank Steunenberg

Harry Orchard was arrested by the Idaho police and confessed to Pinkerton agent James McParland that he assassinated Governor Frank Steunenberg of Idaho and received a sentence of life imprisonment in a nationally publicized trial. Frank Steunenberg (August 8, 1861–December 30, 1905) was the governor of the U.S. state of Idaho from 1897 until 1901. ... Harry Orchard was born Albert Horsley in 1867 in Ontario, Canada. ... James McParland[1] was a Pinkerton agent. ... Frank Steunenberg (August 8, 1861–December 30, 1905) was the governor of the U.S. state of Idaho from 1897 until 1901. ...

Outlaws and competition

Pinkerton agents were hired to track western outlaws Jesse James, the Reno Gang, and the Wild Bunch (including Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid). Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847–April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, the most famous member of the James-Younger gang. ... Wild Bunch, a gang in the American Wild West, led by Butch Cassidy, included Sundance Kid, Ben Kilpatrick, William Carver, Laura Bullion, Elza Lay, George Curry, Harvey Logan, and Bob Meeks. ... Butch Cassidy (13 April 1866 - c. ... Harry Longabaugh (1867-?), also known as the Sundance Kid, was an outlaw and member of Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch, in the Wild West. ...

G.H. Thiel, a former Pinkerton employee, established the Thiel Detective Service Company in St. Louis, Missouri, a competitor to the Pinkerton agency. The Thiel company operated in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. The Thiel Detective Service Company was a private detective agency formed by George H. Thiel, a former Civil War spy and Pinkerton employee. ... St. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Due to its conflicts with labor unions, the word Pinkerton continues to be associated by labor organizers and union members with strikebreaking.^[7] Pinkerton's, however, moved away from labour spying following revelations publicized by the La Follette Committee hearings in 1937.^[8] Pinkerton's criminal detection work also suffered from the police modernization movement, which saw the rise of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the bolstering of detective branches and resources of the public police. Without the industrial espionage against labor and criminal investigation work on which Pinkerton's thrived for decades, the company became increasingly involved in protection services, and in the 1960s, even the word "Detective" disappeared from the agency's letterhead.^[9] In July 2003, Pinkerton's was acquired along with longtime rival, the William J. Burns Detective Agency (founded in 1910), by Securitas AB to create Securitas Security Services USA, Inc., one of the largest security companies in the world. Securitas, and several other major security companies, are now under union organization through the SEIU (Services Employees International Union). A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... The LaFollette Civil Liberties Committee, or more formally, Committee on Education and Labor, Subcommittee Investigating Violations of Free Speech and the Rights of Labor (1936-1941), began as an inquiry into a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) investigation of methods used by employers in certain industries to avoid collective bargaining... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ... This article needs cleanup. ... // Securitas AB was founded in 1934 in Sweden, and has since expanded and grown into various areas of the security business. ... A security officer guards a construction site in the Peoples Republic of China. ...

In popular culture

• In 1892 there was a popular song about the Pinkertons: "Hear the poor orphans tell their sad story/Father was killed by the Pinkerton men."^[10]

• A Pinkerton Detective appears in the town of Sweetwater in the episode 'False Colors' of The Young Riders. The agent is gunned down in cold blood by outlaws.*

• Dashiell Hammett, pioneer of the hard-boiled detective novel, was an ex-detective for Pinkerton and adapted some of the experiences he had while employed there in his stories and novels.

• The Pinkertons were mentioned in the song "Ballad of a Well-Known Gun" on the Elton John album, Tumbleweed Connection.

• In the 2005 movie The Legend of Zorro, Pinkerton agents goad Zorro's wife to divorce him and become one of their agents in order to investigate a secret society threatening to derail California's 1850 admission to the Union.

• The Pinkerton Agency and several agents are featured in the HBO series Deadwood. Pinkertons are often referred to ominously or with contempt by several of the show's characters. In season 1, episode 3, set in 1876, Brom Garrett threatens action by the Pinkertons towards Swearengen. In season 2, the tutor for Alma Garrett's ward is discovered to be an undercover operative for the agency. In season 3, the Pinkertons were hired by the character of George Hearst.

• Corporate-hired Pinkerton personnel assault early 20th century union organizers in an early scene of the 1992 movie Hoffa.

• Pinkerton toughs occasionally appear as secondary characters throughout Harry Turtledove's series of Great War and American Empire fictional novels.

• In Sergio Sollima's Faccia a faccia (1967), William Berger portrays a real-life Pinkerton agent Charlie Siringo.

• In the Dukes of Hazzard episode from 1980 titled "Mason Dixon's Girls," the Pinkertons are mentioned in passing. Waylon Jennings (as the balladeer) says "old Mace's grandfather was a Pinkerton man and so snooping runs in the blood." (Reference: the DVD set with this un-cut original version of the episode).

• Pinkerton agents appear on the trail of four heroines in the 1994 movie Bad Girls.

• Pinkertons appear a few times in the TV show The Adventures of Brisco County Jr.

• Pinkerton men are frequently referred to in the 1980 film about Jesse James and his gang, The Long Riders.

• Pinkertons also appear in the early Ian Fleming James Bond novels. Felix Leiter joins Pinkertons after leaving the CIA and teams up with Bond in his capacity as a Pinkerton in Diamonds are Forever.

• In Mean Streets 1997 by Terrance Dicks, Roz Forrester and Chris Cwej pose as agents of the "Interplanetary Pinkerton Bureau" in order to investigate Megacity.

• In the 2001 movie American Outlaws, Allan Pinkerton is portrayed by actor Timothy Dalton. The Pinkerton Agency is shown trying to capture outlaw Jesse James (portrayed by Colin Farrell).

• The Valley of Fear, a fictional story by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, features a Pinkerton Detective among a gang of terrorist 'Scowrers', a sect of Freemasons, living in the imaginary Gilmerton Mountains set in the west of the United States.

• The Pinkerton Detective agency also features in another one of Sir Conan Doyle's story The Adventure of the Red Circle.

• In The Dante Club a Pinkerton Detective is hired to investigate people's feelings about Dante's literature.

• New England punk band The Pinkerton Thugs took their name from the agency.

• The Pinkerton Detective Agency feature in Malcolm Pryce's "Don't cry for me Aberystwyth."

• Elijah Wood claims that friends sometimes call him "Pinkerton" in private.

• Rock band Weezer has released an album named "Pinkerton," although the album is named for the character in Madama Butterfly. However, Pinkerton's Inc. unsuccessfully sued to stop the album's release because of the name similarity. This limited the album's promotion and is blamed in part for the album's initial flop.

• The Hollywood western 3:10 to Yuma and its 2007 remake feature Pinkerton agents escorting an armed stagecoach filled with bank notes through Arizona. Pinkerton agents are seen throughout the 2007 version.

• In The Adventures of Tintin: Breaking Free the term "bloody pinkerton" is used for cops beating down a strike.

• In Warren Ellis' 2007 novel "Crooked Little Vein", protagonist Michael McGill is a former Pinkerton detective.

• In High Moon, a werewolf western webcomic series by David Gallaher and Steve Ellis, the protagonist Matthew 'Mac' Macgreor is a Pinkerton detective.

• In the Our Gang series (aka The Little Rascals) Alfalfa sets himself up as a private detective. On the door of his office is the Never Sleeping Eye of the Pinkertons.

• Folk/alternative artist Doug Hoekstra has a song entitled "Mama Was a Pinkerton" on his album When the Tubes Begin to Glow.

• In the 1960's film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, the main characters are chased into Bolivia by the Pinkerton detectives, headed by Joe Lefors

The Young Riders is a dramatic western that aired 1989-1992 and featured a fictionalized account of a group of young Pony Express riders. ... Samuel Dashiell Hammett (May 27, 1894 – January 10, 1961) was an American author of hardboiled detective novels and short stories. ... Hard-boiled detective is a type of character that appears in crime and mystery fiction, but occasionally in other genres as well. ... Ballad of a Well-Known Gun is the opening track off of British pop-rock performer Elton Johns 1971 album, Tumbleweed Connection. ... Sir Elton Hercules[1] John CBE[2] (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947) is a five-time Grammy and one-time Academy Award-winning English pop/rock singer, composer and pianist. ... Tumbleweed Connection is the third album by British singer/songwriter Elton John, released in 1970 (see 1970 in music). ... Legend of Zorro is a 2005 movie directed by Martin Campbell. ... For the Europe album, see Secret Society (Europe album). ... For other uses, see HBO (disambiguation). ... Deadwood is an American television drama series that premiered in March 2004 on HBO. The series is a Western set in the 1870s in Deadwood, Dakota Territory. ... George Hearst George Hearst (September 3, 1820–February 28, 1891) was a wealthy American businessman, United States Senator and father of famed newspaperman William Randolph Hearst. ... Hoffa is a 1992 biographical film based on the life and mysterious death of Teamsters Union leader Jimmy Hoffa. ... Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949) is an American historian and prolific novelist who has written historical fiction, fantasy, and science fiction works. ... Sergio Sollima (born April 17, 1921 in Rome) is an Italian former film director and script writer. ... Faccia a faccia (Spanish title: Cara a cara, English title: Face to Face) is a spaghetti western film written and directed by the Italian film director Sergio Sollima in 1967. ... William Berger (b. ... Charlie Siringo (February 7th, 1855-October 18th, 1928) was an author, lawman, and famous detective and agent for the Pinkerton National Detective Agency during the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... The Dukes of Hazzard is an American television series that originally aired on the CBS television network from 1979 to 1985. ... Waylon Arnold Jennings (June 15, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was a respected and influential American country music singer and musician. ... The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. ... For other persons named Jesse James, see Jesse James (disambiguation). ... The Long Riders is a Western, produced by James Keach, Stacy Keach and Tim Zinnemann, and directed by Walter Hill, which told part of the story of the Jesse James gang. ... This article is about the author. ... This article is about the spy series. ... Felix Leiter is a fictional character created by Ian Fleming in the James Bond series of novels and films. ... Diamonds Are Forever is the fourth novel in Ian Flemings James Bond series. ... Mean Streets is an original novel by Terrance Dicks featuring the fictional archaeologist Bernice Summerfield. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Terrance Dicks (born 1935 in East Ham, London) is an English writer, best known for his work in television and for writing a large number of popular childrens books during the 1970s and 80s. ... Roslyn Sarah Inyathi Forrester usually just known as Roz Forrester is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. ... Christopher Rodonanté Cwej, usually just known as Chris Cwej, is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. ... This article is about the year. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Timothy Peter Dalton (born March 21, 1946[1]) is an English actor of stage and screen, best known for portraying James Bond in The Living Daylights (1987) and Licence to Kill (1989) and in his roles in Shakespearean related films and plays. ... Colin James Farrell (born May 31, 1976) is an Irish actor who has appeared in several high-profile Hollywood films including Daredevil, Miami Vice, Minority Report, Phone Booth, Alexander, In Bruges. ... The Valley of Fear is a Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. ... Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (May 22, 1859 - July 7, 1930) is the British author most famously known for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... The Adventure of the Red Circle, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of eight stories in the cycle collected as His Last Bow. ... The Dante Club is the first novel by Matthew Pearl. ... The Pinkerton Thugs were a punk band from Kennebunk, Maine. ... Malcolm Pryce (born 1960, in Shrewsbury, England) is an English author of noir detective novels, in the style of Raymond Chandler except that the stories are incongruously transferred from the mean streets of Los Angeles to the rainswept streets of an alternate universe version of the Welsh seaside resort and... Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor. ... For the albums, see Weezer (1994 album) and Weezer (2001 album). ... Madama Butterfly (Madame Butterfly) is an opera in three acts (originally two acts) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa. ... This article is about the comic book author. ... Crooked Little Vein is writer Warren Elliss first novel and will be released by William Morrow in July, 2007. ... David Matthew Gallaher: (born 1975) is Honolulu-born, American writer, who spent most of his life operating out of Brooklyn, New York and Baltimore, Maryland. ... Steve Ellis (born Stephen John Ellis in Edgware, London, 7 April 1950) is a rock / pop singer. ... A poster for the 1931 Our Gang comedy Love Business featuring depictions of (from left to right): Pete the Pup, Jackie Cooper, and Norman Chubby Chaney. ... Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 Western film that tells the story of bank robber Butch Cassidy (played by Paul Newman) and his partner The Sundance Kid (played by Robert Redford). ... Joe Lefors (February 20th, 1865-Death date and year not known) was a lawman in the closing years of the Old West. ...

See also

• Historian J. Bernard Hogg, Public Reaction to Pinkertonism and the Labor Question
• Morris Friedman, author of Pinkerton Labor Spy
• Labor spies
• Baldwin-Felts detective agency
• Coal and Iron Police, a Pinkerton-supervised private police force in Pennsylvania
• Industrial Workers of the World
• Frank Little, American labor leader; lynched in 1917, probably by Pinkerton agents.
• Joe Lefors Tracker for the Pinkerton Detectives

This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Morris Friedman was the private stenographer for Pinkerton detective James McParland. ... Labor spies may be referred to as spies, operatives, agents, agents provocateurs, saboteurs, infiltrators, informants, spotters, special police, or detectives. ... Baldwin-Felts was a private detective agency in the United States, founded in 1900 by William Gibboney Baldwin and Thomas Lafayette Felts and based in Bluefield, West Virginia. ... The Coal and Iron Police was a private police force established by the Pennsylvania State Legislature but employed and paid by the various coal companies. ... The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union currently headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. At its peak in 1923 the organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the support of perhaps 300,000 workers. ... Frank Little (1879-1917) was an American labor leader. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Joe Lefors (February 20th, 1865-Death date and year not known) was a lawman in the closing years of the Old West. ...

References

Ward LeRoy Churchill (born October 2, 1947) is an American writer and political activist. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

• Pinkerton official site

Further reading

• Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (Oct 1, 2003). Cloak and Dollar: A History of American Secret Intelligence. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10159-7. 

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