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The pion, being the lightest meson, can be used to predict the maximum range of the strong interaction.
The connection between pions and the strong force was proposed by Hideki Yukawa.
We now know that the pion is a meson, a composite particle, and the current view is that the strong interaction is an interaction between quarks, but the Yukawa theory stimulated a major advance in the understanding of the strong interaction.
Pions are the lightest mesons and play an important role in explaining low-energy properties of the strong nuclear force.
In the modern understanding of the strong interaction (quantum chromodynamics), pions are considered to be the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry.
Pion currents thus couple to the axial vector current and pions participate in the chiral anomaly.
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