Catlinite, a type of red, carvable rock found in Pipestone County, Minnesota that was used by Native Americans for pipes and effigies
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The surrounding area in Pipestone County is also rich in history, and the neighboring town of Jasper stands today as a reminder that Pipestone did not possess a monopoly on quarrying and railroad transportation.
The town of Pipestone was largely built with rock quarried from the large deposits of Sioux quartzite in the county.
Pipestone's first school was a 10 by 15 foot wooden building, opening in the summer of 1878 with six students taught by Florence Bennett.
Pipestone, also known as catlinite, is a fine-particled version of the type of rock known as metamorphic claystone.
Here the pipestone is found one to six feet or deeper beneath the surface in several layers sandwiched between layers of Sioux quartzite.
Archaeologists have found evidence that people were using pipestone from the southwestern Minnesota site as early as A.D. During the 1800s the North West Company carved and distributed some 2,000 pipes throughout the upper Missouri River basin.
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