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Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008) | Fittings are used in pipe and plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and to regulate fluid flow, for example. Fittings, especially noncommmon types, can be expensive, and require time, materials, and tools to install, so they are a non-trivial part of piping and plumbing systems. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed separately. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...
Pipe is a tube or hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluid, gas and sometimes other materials. ...
Tubing refers to a flexible hose or pipe used in plumbing, irrigation, and other industries. ...
A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the magnitude of the applied stress. ...
Piping is used to convey fluids (usually liquids and gases but sometimes loose solids) from one location to another. ...
A plumber wrench for working on pipes and fittings A complex arrangement of rigid steel piping, stop valves regulate flow to various parts of the building. ...
// These water valves are operated by handles. ...
Materials for fittings The 'bodies' of fittings for pipe and tubing are most often of the same base material as the pipe or tubing being connected, e.g., copper, steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or other plastic. However, any material that is allowed by code may be used, but must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported, and the temperatures and pressures inside and outside of the system. For example, brass-bodied fittings are common in otherwise copper piping and plumbing systems. Fire hazards, earthquakes, and other factors also influence fitting materials. PVC may refer to the following: Polyvinyl chloride, a plastic Premature ventricular contraction, irregular heartbeat Permanent virtual circuit, a term used in telecommunications and computer networks Param Vir Chakra, Indias highest military honor. ...
A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. ...
Fire protection is the prevention and reduction of the hazards associated with fires. ...
Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998. ...
Common fittings for both piping and plumbing While there are hundreds of specialized fittings manufactured, some fittings are used widely in piping and plumbing systems.
Elbow A pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tube allowing a change of direction, usually 90° or 45°. The ends may be machined for butt welding, threaded (usually female), or socketed, etc. When the two ends differ in size, it is called a reducing or reducer elbow. Piping is used to convey fluids (usually liquids and gases but sometimes loose solids) from one location to another. ...
Tubing refers to a flexible hose or pipe used in plumbing, irrigation, and other industries. ...
This article is about angles in geometry. ...
This article describes the unit of angle. ...
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ...
A threaded pipe plug; note that the threaded portion is slightly conical and so touches the calipers at only two points. ...
In electrical and mechanical trades and manufacturing, each of a pair of mating connectors or fasteners is conventionally assigned the designation male or female. ...
A socket generally designates a cavity or region used for fitting and connecting some specific device. ...
Most elbows are available in short radius or long radius of types. The short radius elbows have a center to end distance equal to the NPS in inches, while the long radius is 1.5 times the NPS in inches. Short elbows are universally available; long elbows are readily available in Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS, plastic), PVC for DWV, sewage and central vacuums, and copper for 1950s to 1960s houses with copper drains. This article is about an authentication, authorization, and accounting protocol. ...
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a set of standard pipe sizes used for pressure piping in North America. ...
An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...
Monomers in ABS polymer ABS plastic pipes in use in a wet basement of a paper mill, in Sault Ste. ...
PVC may refer to the following: Polyvinyl chloride, a plastic Premature ventricular contraction, irregular heartbeat Permanent virtual circuit, a term used in telecommunications and computer networks Param Vir Chakra, Indias highest military honor. ...
For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ...
Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Street elbow A variant of the elbow, typically of male to female connections; see Street elbow. This article needs to be wikified. ...
Tee A tee is used to either combine or split a fluid flow. Most common are tees with the same inlet and outlet sizes, but 'reducing' tees are available as well. Tee-fittings are also an integral part of the computer-enthusiast level watercooling solutions found in many modern enthusiast PCs. The fitting is one of the three main components of a T-Line, alongside an end-cap or fillport and a length of tubing. They are plumbed into the system, with the perpendicular barb (and its attached stretch of tubing leading to a fillport or a cap). A T-line is a simple, hollow piece of plastic (usually) that resembles the letter T. A common use for a T-Line is in a watercooling system, in which two tubes connect to the outer arms, and the system is filled through the hole on the bottom of the...
Cross A cross has one inlet and three outlets, or vice versa. Crosses are common in fire sprinkler systems, but not in plumbing due to their extra cost as compared to using two tees. Fire sprinklers are an active fire protection measure subject to stringent bounding. ...
The three outlets should be named in order; left, middle , right. For example 15-22-15
Coupling A coupling connects two pipes to each other. If the material and size of the pipe are not the same, the fitting may be called a 'reducing coupling' or reducer, or an adapter. The term 'expander' is not used for a coupler that increases pipe size; instead 'reducer' is used. A Coupling (piping or plumbing) is a very short length of pipe or tube, with a socket at one or both ends that allows two pipes or tubes to be welded (steel), brazed or soldered (copper, brass etc. ...
Couplings for copper pipe are available either with or without a stop. The stop is in the center of the coupling and is useful for ensuring that the coupling is centered between the two pipes being connected. The disadvantage of a stopped coupling is that in some repair situations it may be necessary to slide the coupling completely on to one pipe and then slide it back when the pipes being joined are in position. The type of coupling that doesn't have a stop is referred to as a repair coupling. Repair couplings are available in longer than standard lengths to facilitate the repair of a short length of pipe.
Cap A type of pipe fitting, often liquid or gas tight, which covers the end of a pipe. A cap has a similar function to a plug. In plumbing systems that use threads the cap has female threads. Pipe is a tube or hollow cylinder for the conveyance of fluid, gas and sometimes other materials. ...
For other uses, see Liquid (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ...
Plug A plug closes off the end of a pipe. It is similar to a cap but it fits inside the fitting it is mated to. In a threaded iron pipe plumbing system, plugs have male threads.
Union A union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement. While a coupling would require either solvent welding or being able to rotate all the pipes adjacent as with a threaded coupling, a union provides a simple nut transition, allowing easy release at any time. Piping and plumbing fittings are A pipe cap, a type of pipe fitting, often liquid or gas tight, which covers the end of a pipe. ...
Threaded pipe and elbow National Pipe Thread is a U.S. standard for tapered (NPT) or straight (NPS) threads used to join pipes and fittings. ...
In addition to a standard union, there exist Dielectric Unions which are used to separate dissimilar metals (such as copper and galvanized steel) to avoid the damaging effects of electrolysis. When two dissimilar metals are placed in an acidic solution (most tap water is mildly acidic), they will form a battery and generate a voltage. If the two metals touch and conduct, the flow of current from one metal to the other will cause a movement of ions from one to the other, dissolving one metal and depositing on the other. A dielectric union breaks the electrical current with a plastic liner between two halves of the union.
Nipple Short stub of pipe, usually threaded iron, brass or copper; occasionally just bare copper. A nipple is defined as being a short stub of pipe which has two male ends. General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ...
Brazen redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ...
Flow Calibrated 1/4 Nipple In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a fitting, consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided with a male pipe thread at each end, for connecting two other fittings. ...
Additional common fittings for plumbing systems
Closet flange The closet flange is the drain pipe flange to which a 'water closet' (toilet) is attached. The closet flange is the plumbing fitting with the very noble and unpleasant task of connecting a toilet to a drain pipe. ...
Clean-outs Clean-outs are fittings that allow access to drains without removing plumbing fixtures. They are used for allowing an 'auger' or 'plumber's snake' to 'clean out' a plugged drain. Clean-outs should be placed in accessible locations through out a drainage system, and outside the building as these augers have limited length. The minimum is typically at the end of each branch, just ahead of each water closet, at the base of each stack, and both inside and outside the building in the building drain/sewer. Clean-outs normally have screwed-on caps. Cleaning out a side sewer line with a heavy-duty motorized snake A plumbers snake, sometimes known as a toilet jack, is a flexible auger used to remove clogs in plumbing that cannot be loosened with a plunger. ...
Trap primers Trap primers regularly inject water into traps so that water seals are maintained. This seal is necessary to keep sewer gases out of buildings. A trap primer is a plumbing device or valve that adds water to traps. ...
Water seal under a sink. ...
Sewer gas is gases produced in sewers by decomposing sewage and other decomposing organic matter. ...
Combo-Tee A tee with a gradually curving center connecting joint. Used in drain systems to provide a smooth, gradually curving path to reduce the likelihood of clogs and to ease pushing a plumber's snake through a drain system... The "Combo" is a combination of a wye and a 1/8 bend or 45.
Sanitary Tee A tee with a curved center section designed to minimize the possibility of siphon action that could draw water out of a trap. The center connection is generally connected to the pipe which leads to a trap (the trap arm).
Double Sanitary Tee (Sanitary Cross) Similar to a cross. This fitting differs from a standard cross in that two of the ports have curved inlets. The fitting has been used in the past for connecting the drains of back to back fixtures (such as back to back bathroom sinks). Some current codes (including the 2006 UPC) preclude the use of this fitting for that purpose. Instead a Double Fixture Fitting is required.
Y Piece A type of waste fitting tee which has the side inlet pipe entering at a 45° angle.
Hydraulic fittings Hydraulics use extremely high fluid pressures to create useful work, such as in the actuators for machinery such as backhoes. As such the hydraulic fittings are designed and rated for much greater pressures than those experienced in general piping systems and they are generally not compatible for use in general plumbing. More information on hydraulics and their fittings can be found in the hydraulic machinery article. Excavator. ...
See also Joe Kessler is a plumber! A plumber is a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used for potable (drinking) water, sewage, drainage, venting, heating and air-conditioning, or industrial process plant piping. ...
A plumber wrench for working on pipes and fittings A complex arrangement of rigid steel piping, stop valves regulate flow to various parts of the building. ...
Domestic water supply or system (DWS) is a comprehensive term for the potable water supply systems in residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings. ...
A buildings waste-disposal system has two parts: the drainage system and the venting system. ...
Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area. ...
On-site septic disposal systems are common in rural areas where public sewage treatment systems do not exist. ...
Piping is used to convey fluids (usually liquids and gases but sometimes loose solids) from one location to another. ...
Watercooling is a method of heat removal from components. ...
A T-line is a simple, hollow piece of plastic (usually) that resembles the letter T. A common use for a T-Line is in a watercooling system, in which two tubes connect to the outer arms, and the system is filled through the hole on the bottom of the...
This article is considered orphaned, since there are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...
References
External Resources - the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials
- the International Code Council
- the American Society for Testing and Materials
- Society of Piping Engineers and Designers (Society of piping professionals with many resources and technical information)
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