Pius I was pope, perhaps from 158 to 167, though the Vatican's "Annuario Pontificio" (2003) lists 142 or 146 to 157 or 161. He is believed to have been born at Aquileia, his father being one "Rufinus". Some conjecture that he was a martyr, and he is celebrated as such in the Breviary. Nevertheless, there is little other evidence that supports such a conclusion.
It is stated in the second century Muratorian Canon that he was the brother of Hermas, author of the text The Shepherd of Hermas. The writer of the later text identifies himself as a former slave. This has led to speculation that both Hermas and Pius were freedmen.
Pius X reverted to this vital subject on other occasions, especially in those Encyclicals that were written in commemoration of St. Anselm (21 April, 1909) and of St.
The desire of Pius X is for the economical work to be avowedly Catholic, as he expressed it in a memorable letter to Count Medolago-Albani.
Charles, were misinterpreted by Protestants, especially in Germany, and Pius X made a declaration in refutation of them, without belittling the authority of his high office.
After the war Pius was alarmed by the resurgence of Communism in Italy and fostered the growth of Catholic Action groups to strengthen the Christian Democratic party.
In retaliation for the political persecution of the church in Communist Eastern Europe, Pius excommunicated the political leaders of Yugoslavia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Poland.
Pope Pius was widely venerated during his lifetime, and proceedings for his beatification were begun in 1965.
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