The Plan de Casa Mata was formulated to finish with the monarchy in Mexico and to establish the republic.

In December 1822, Antonio López de Santa Anna rose against Agustín de Iturbide, along with Guadalupe Victoria to sign the Plan de Casa Mata on (February 1, 1823), aimed to overthrow the emperor.

In May 1822, using military riots and pressures, Iturbide had taken the power and designated himself Emperor of Mexico, initiating his government in fight with the Congress. Later he dissolved the Congress and ordered opposing deputies to jail.

Several insurrections arose in the provinces, that were choked by the army, except which it headed Antonio López de Santa Anna in Veracruz, because this military man had an agreement with the general Echávarri, who commanded the imperial forces that fought Santa Anna. By agreement of both heads the Plan de Casa Mata was proclaimed in February 1, 1823. This plan did not recognize the Empire and requested the meeting of a new constituent Congress. The insurrectionists sent their proposal to the provincial delegations and requested their adhesion to the plan. In the course of only six weeks the Plan de Casa Mata had arrived at remote places, like Texas, and almost all the provinces had been united to the plan.

When a provincial delegation accepted the Plan de Casa Mata, it retired from obedience the imperial government and assumed the attitude of being able sovereign within its province. Agustín de Iturbide was isolated without more support than the Mexico City and some fractions of the army, reason why it installed the dissolved constituent Congress again, abdicated to the crown and left the country in March, 1823.