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Set of 78 French style playing cards with twenty two atouts, typically used to play French Tarot

Set of 52 French style playing cards with two jokers

Set of 52 Anglo-American style playing cards

Some typical Anglo-American playing cards from the Bicycle brand

Paul Cézanne - The Card Players, 1895

A playing card is a piece of specially prepared heavy paper or thin card, figured with distinguishing motifs and used as one of a set for playing card games. Playing cards are typically palm-sized for convenient handling and since the mid 20th century have sometimes been manufactured from plastic. A complete set of cards is called a pack or deck. A deck of cards may be used for playing a great variety of card games, some of which may also incorporate gambling. Because playing cards are both standardized and commonly available, they are often adapted for other uses, such as magic tricks, cartomancy, encryption, boardgames, or building a house of cards. The first ever printed cards were developed and crafted in Dresden, Germany^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 761 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (10,360 × 8,160 pixels, file size: 11. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 761 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (10,360 × 8,160 pixels, file size: 11. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Tarot is a trick-taking card game played throughout France and also known in French-speaking Canada, which uses a traditional 78-card Tarot deck instead of the standard poker deck. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 500 × 375 pixelsFull resolution (500 × 375 pixel, file size: 152 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 500 × 375 pixelsFull resolution (500 × 375 pixel, file size: 152 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... An example of a joker playing card. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1542x756, 1089 KB) I JUST WANT TO SAY THAT I AM A VISITOR AND THAT EVERYONE CAN EDIT THIS PAGE File links The following pages link to this file: Playing card Suit (cards) ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1542x756, 1089 KB) I JUST WANT TO SAY THAT I AM A VISITOR AND THAT EVERYONE CAN EDIT THIS PAGE File links The following pages link to this file: Playing card Suit (cards) ... Photo of Bicycle brand playing cards (made by U.S. Playing Card Co. ... Photo of Bicycle brand playing cards (made by U.S. Playing Card Co. ... A sampling of Bicycle Playing Cards Bicycle Playing Cards have been manufactured by the The United States Playing Card Company since 1885. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x625, 168 KB) Paul Cézanne, Les joueurs de carte (Die Kartenspieler), 1892-95 Oil on canvas - Courtauld Institute, London File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Game... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x625, 168 KB) Paul Cézanne, Les joueurs de carte (Die Kartenspieler), 1892-95 Oil on canvas - Courtauld Institute, London File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Game... Cezanne redirects here. ... For the game on The Price Is Right, see Card Game (pricing game). ... For the game on The Price Is Right, see Card Game (pricing game). ... Gamble redirects here. ... “Illusionist” redirects here. ... The Fortune Teller, by Art Nouveau painter Mikhail Vrubel, depicting a cartomancer Cartomancy is a form of fortune-telling or divination using a deck of cards. ... Encrypt redirects here. ... This article is about a television show. ...

The front (or "face") of each card carries markings that distinguish it from the other cards in the deck and determine its use under the rules of the game being played. The back of each card is identical for all cards in any particular deck, and usually of a single color or formalized design. The back of playing cards is sometimes used for advertising. For most games, the cards are assembled into a deck, and their order is randomized by shuffling. Randomization is the process of making something random; this can mean: Generating a random permutation of a sequence (such as when shuffling cards). ... The riffle Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. ...

History

Early history

Playing cards emerged in 12th century China.^[1][2] Ancient Chinese "money cards" have four "suits": coins (or cash), strings of coins (which may have been misinterpreted as sticks from crude drawings), myriads of strings, and tens of myriads. These were represented by ideograms, with numerals of 2–9 in the first three suits and numerals 1–9 in the "tens of myriads". Wilkinson suggests that the first cards may have been actual paper currency which were both the tools of gaming and the stakes being played for.^[3] The designs on modern Mahjong tiles likely evolved from those earliest playing cards. However, it may be that the first deck of cards ever printed was a Chinese domino deck, in whose cards we can see all the 21 combinations of a pair of dice. In Kuei-t'ien-lu, a Chinese text redacted in the 11th century, we find that dominoes cards were printed during the T’ang dynasty, contemporary to the first books. The Chinese word pái (牌) is used to describe both paper cards and gaming tiles. A Chinese character. ... Mahjong tiles are tiles of Chinese origin that are used to play many games, most notably Mahjong and Mahjong Solitaire. ... Domino redirects here—for other meanings of the word, see Domino (disambiguation). ... Redaction generally refers to the editing of text to turn it into a form suitable for publication, or to the result of such an effort. ...

An Indian origin for playing cards has been suggested by the resemblance of symbols on some early European decks (traditional Sicilian cards, for example) to the ring, sword, cup, and baton classically depicted in the four hands of Indian statues.^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ...

The time and manner of the introduction of cards into Europe are matters of dispute. The 38th canon of the council of Worcester (1240)^{[citation needed]} is often quoted as evidence of cards having been known in England in the middle of the 13th century, but the games de rege et regina (on the king and the queen) there mentioned are now thought to more likely have been chess. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Western board game. ...

If cards were generally known in Europe as early as 1278 , it is very remarkable that Petrarch, in his work De remediis utriusque fortunae (On the remedies of good/bad fortunes) that treats gaming, never once mentions them. Boccaccio, Chaucer and other writers of that time specifically refer to various games, but there is not a single passage in their works that can be fairly construed to refer to cards. Passages have been quoted from various works, of or relative to this period, but modern research leads to the supposition that the word rendered cards has often been mistranslated or interpolated. From the c. ... Giovanni Boccaccio (June 16, 1313 – December 21, 1375) was an Italian author and poet, a friend and correspondent of Petrarch, an important Renaissance humanist in his own right and author of a number of notable works including On Famous Women, the Decameron and his poetry in the vernacular. ... Chaucer redirects here. ...

It is likely that the precursor of modern cards arrived in Europe from the Mamelukes of Egypt in the late 1300s, by which time they had already assumed a form very close to that in use today. In particular, the Mameluke deck contained 52 cards comprising four "suits": polo sticks, coins, swords, and cups. Each suit contained ten "spot" cards (cards identified by the number of suit symbols or "pips" they show) and three "court" cards named malik (King), nā'ib malik (Viceroy or Deputy King), and thānī nā'ib (Second or Under-Deputy). The Mameluke court cards showed abstract designs not depicting persons (at least not in any surviving specimens) though they did bear the names of military officers. An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ...

A complete pack of Mameluke playing cards was discovered by L.A. Mayer in the Topkapi Sarayi Museum, Istanbul, in 1939 [1]; this particular complete pack was not made before 1400, but the complete deck allowed matching to a private fragment dated to the twelfth or thirteenth century. In effect it’s not a complete deck, but there are cards of three different packs of the same style ^[4]() There is some evidence to suggest that this deck may have evolved from an earlier 48-card deck that had only two court cards per suit, and some further evidence to suggest that earlier Chinese cards brought to Europe may have travelled to Persia, which then influenced the Mameluke and other Egyptian cards of the time before their reappearance.

It is not known whether these cards influenced the design of the Indian cards used for the game of Ganjifa, or whether the Indian cards may have influenced these. Regardless, the Indian cards have many distinctive features: they are round, generally hand painted with intricate designs, and comprise more than four suits (often as many as thirty two, like a deck in the Deutsches Spielkarten-Museum, painted in the Mewar, a city in Rajasthan, between the 18th and 19th century. Decks used to play have from eight up to twenty different suits). Ganjifa, or Gânjaphâ, is a card game that originated in Persia and became popular in India under the Mughal emperors in the 16th century. ... Mewar is a region of south-central Rajasthan state in western India. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ...

Spread across Europe and early design changes

Italians playing cards, Sancai-type bowl, Northern Italy, mid-15th century.

In the late 14th century, the use of playing cards spread rapidly throughout Europe. Documents mentioning cards date from 1371 in Spain, 1377 in Switzerland, and 1380 in many locations including Florence, Paris, and Barcelona [2] [3]. A 1369 Paris ordinance [on gaming?] does not mention cards, but its 1377 update does. In the account books of Johanna, duchess of Brabant and Wenceslaus of Luxemburg, an entry dated May 14, 1379, reads: "Given to Monsieur and Madame four peters, two forms, value eight and a half moutons, wherewith to buy a pack of cards". In his book of accounts for 1392 or 1393, Charles or Charbot Poupart, treasurer of the household of Charles VI of France, records payment for the painting of three sets of cards. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 583 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1494 × 1536 pixel, file size: 818 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 583 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1494 × 1536 pixel, file size: 818 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Sancai horse, Tang Dynasty, 7-8th century. ... Florence (or Firenze, Florentia and Fiorenza) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany, and of the province of Florence. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (1322–1406) was the heiress of Duke Jan III, who died in Brussels, December 5, 1355. ... Wenceslaus (also Wenceslas, Wenzelslaud or Wenzel)) was the name of several European monarchs: Saint Wenceslaus, Duke of Bohemia (907–935 or 929) Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia (?–1192) Wenceslaus I, King of Bohemia (1205–1253) Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia and Poland (1271–1305) Wenceslaus III, King of Hungary, Bohemia... Luxembourg - a small country in west Europe Luxembourg (city) - the capital city of the country Luxembourg (district) - a district in the country Luxembourg, province of Belgium Luxemburg, Iowa - a city in the USA Luxemburg, Wisconsin - a village in the USA Luxembourg Garden, Paris, France Luxemburg Township, Minnesota - a township in... is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1379 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Charles VI Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ...

The earliest cards were made by hand, like those designed for Charles VI; this was expensive. Printed woodcut decks appeared in the 15th century. The technique of printing woodcuts to decorate fabric was transferred to printing on paper around 1400 in Christian Europe, very shortly after the first recorded manufacture of paper there, while in Islamic Spain it was much older. The earliest dated European woodcut is 1418. No examples of printed cards from before 1423 survive. But from about 1418 to 1450[4], professional card makers in Ulm, Nuremberg, and Augsburg created printed decks. Playing cards even competed with devotional images as the most common uses for woodcut in this period. Four horsemen of the Apocalypse by Albrecht Dürer Ukiyo-e woodcut, Ishiyama Moon by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1889) Woodcut is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface... For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation). ... Al-Āndalus (Arabic الأندلس) was the Arabic name given to the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim inhabitants; it refers to both the Emirate (ca 750-929) and Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031) and its taifa successor kingdoms specifically, and in general to territories under Muslim occupation (711-1492). ... The term Old Master Print is used to describe works of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition (European or New World). ... For other uses, see Ulm (disambiguation). ... Nürnberg redirects here. ... For other meanings for Augsburg: See Augsburg (disambiguation) , Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... Four horsemen of the Apocalypse by Albrecht Dürer Ukiyo-e woodcut, Ishiyama Moon by Tsukioka Yoshitoshi (1889) Woodcut is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface...

Most early woodcuts of all types were coloured after printing, either by hand or, from about 1450 onwards, stencils. These 15th century playing cards were probably painted.

The Master of the Playing Cards worked in Germany from the 1430s with the newly invented printmaking technique of engraving. Several other important engravers also made cards, including Master ES and Martin Schongauer. Engraving was much more expensive than woodcut, and engraved cards must have been relatively unusual. The 3 of Birds from the playing cards, a single-plate card The Master of the Playing Cards was the first major master in the history of printmaking. ... Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. ... Hercules fighting the Centaurs , engraving by Sebald Beham Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. ... Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. ... Delilah cutting Samsons hair, circa 1460 by Master E. S., a German printmaker Master E. S. (* ca. ... c. ...

Modern French-style 78-card Tarot

In the 15th century in Europe, the suits in playing cards varied; typically a deck had four suits, although five suits were common and other structures are also known. In Germany, hearts, bells, leaves, and acorns became the standard suits and are still used in Eastern and Southeastern German decks today for Skat and other games. Italian and Spanish cards of the 15th century used swords, batons, cups, and coins. The Tarot, which included extra trump cards, was invented in Italy in the 15th century. Download high resolution version (1992x1467, 995 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1992x1467, 995 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that Tarocchi be merged into this article or section. ... “Trump card” redirects here. ... For the American draw-and-discard card game called Scat, see Thirty-one (game). ... Tarot (Tar-oh) is a system of symbolical images. ...

The four suits (spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs) now used in most of the world originated in France in approximately 1480 . The trèfle (club) was probably copied from the acorn and the pique (spade) from the leaf of the German suits. (The names "pique" and "spade", however, may have derived from the sword of the Italian suits[5]). In England, the French suits were eventually used, although the earliest decks had the Italian suits[Chatto, link not provided]. “Trump card” redirects here. ...

Modern Austrian-style 40-card or 54-card Tarock

Also in the 15th century, Europeans changed the court cards to represent European royalty and attendants, originally "king", "chevalier", and "knave" (or "servant"). In a German pack from the 1440s, Queens replace Kings in two of the suits as the highest card. Fifty-six-card decks containing a King, Queen, Knight, and Valet were common. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (870x630, 79 KB) Beschreibung: Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers Quelle: de:Bild:Tarock. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (870x630, 79 KB) Beschreibung: Tarockkarten in der Hand eines Spielers Quelle: de:Bild:Tarock. ... Tarocchi, also known as tarock, is a trick-taking game, and one of the oldest card games known. ...

Court cards designed in the 16th century in the manufacturing centre of Rouen became the standard design in England, while a Parisian design became standard in France. Both the Parisian and Rouennais court cards were named after historical and mythological heroes and heroines. The Parisian names have become more common in modern use, even with cards of Rouennais design. , Rouen (pronounced in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ...

David and Goliath, by Caravaggio, c. ... Look up Charles in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Charlemagne (disambiguation). ... The name Charles VII is used to refer to numerous persons in history: Kings: Charles VII of France Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII of Naples Charles VII of Sweden Don Carlos María de los Dolores de Borbón, pretendant with the title of Charles VII of Spain (see Carlism). ... Agnès Sorel was the model for this Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels, by Jean Fouquet (c. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... Pallas Athena. ... For other uses of Judith, see Judith (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Biblical character. ... For the game, see Anagrams. ... Regina may refer to a place: Regina, Saskatchewan, the provincial capital of Saskatchewan, Canada. ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... In Greek mythology, Argea (or Argeia) was a daughter of King Adrastus of Argos. ... Polybus was a famous physician. ... There are five figures in Greek mythology named Argus or Argos (Άργος). Argus Panoptes (Argus all eyes) is a giant with a hundred eyes. ... H.P. Pedersen-Dans statue of Holger Danske at Kronborg castle, Denmark Ogier the Dane (Holger Danske) is a fictional Danish hero who first appears in the Old French chanson de geste. ... La Hire and Xaintrailles depicted in a 15th century illuminated book. ... The name Charles VII is used to refer to numerous persons in history: Kings: Charles VII of France Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII of Naples Charles VII of Sweden Don Carlos María de los Dolores de Borbón, pretendant with the title of Charles VII of Spain (see Carlism). ... For other uses, see Hector (disambiguation). ... Judas Maccabeus (or Judah the Maccabee from the Hebrew יהודה המכבי transliteration: Yehudah HaMakabi) translation: Judah the Hammer was the third son of the Jewish priest Mattathias. ... For other uses, see Lancelot (disambiguation) and Sir Lancelot (disambiguation). ...

Later design changes

In early games the kings were always the highest card in their suit. However, as early as the late 14th century special significance began to be placed on the nominally lowest card, now called the Ace, so that it sometimes became the highest card and the Two, or Deuce, the lowest. This concept may have been hastened in the late 18th century by the French Revolution, where games began being played "ace high" as a symbol of lower classes rising in power above the royalty.^{[citation needed]} The term "Ace" itself comes from a dicing term in Anglo-Norman language, which is itself derived from the Latin as (the smallest unit of coinage). Another dicing term, trey (3), sometimes shows up in playing card games. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Corner and edge indices enabled people to hold their cards close together in a fan with one hand (instead of the two hands previously used). For cards with Latin suits the first pack known is a deck printed by Infirerra and dated 1693 (International Playing Cards Society Journal 30-1 page 34), but were commonly used only at the end of 18th century. Indices in the Anglo-American deck were used from 1875, when the New York Consolidated Card Company patented the Squeezers, the first cards with indices that had a large diffusion. However, the first deck with this innovation was the Saladee's Patent, printed by Samuel Hart in 1864). Before this time, the lowest court card in an English deck was officially termed the Knave, but its abbreviation ("Kn") was too similar to the King ("K"). However, from the 1600s on the Knave had often been termed the Jack, a term borrowed from the game All Fours where the Knave of trumps is termed the Jack. All Fours was considered a low-class game, so the use of the term Jack at one time was considered vulgar. The use of indices changed the formal name of the lowest court card to Jack. All-Fours, is a card game known in America as Old Sledge, or Seven Up, is usually played by two players, with the full pack of fifty-two cards, which rank in play as at Whist, the ace being the highest, and the two the lowest. ... The jack is a playing card with a picture of a young man on it. ...

This was followed by the innovation of reversible court cards. This invention is attributed to a French card maker of Agen, main city in the Lot-et-Garonne department, that in 1745 had this idea. But the French government, which controlled the design of playing cards, prohibited the printing of cards with this innovation. In central Europe (trappola cards), Italy (tarocchino bolognese) and in Spain the innovation was adopted during the second half of 18th century. In Great Britain the deck with reversible court cards was patented in 1799 by Edmund Ludlow and Ann Wilcox. The Anglo-American pack with this design was printed around 1802 by Thomas Wheeler (International Playing Cards Society Journal XXVII-5 p. 186 and International Playing Cards Society Journal 31-1 p. 22). Reversible court cards meant that players would not be tempted to turn upside-down court cards right side up. Before this, other players could often get a hint of what other players' hands contained by watching them reverse their cards. This innovation required abandoning some of the design elements of the earlier full-length courts. Lot-et-Garonne is a département in the southwest of France named after the Lot and Garonne rivers. ...

During the French Revolution, the traditional design of Kings, Queens, and Jacks became Liberties, Equalities, and Fraternities. The radical French government of 1793 and 1794 saw themselves as toppling the old regime and a good revolutionary would not play with Kings or Queens, but with the ideals of the revolution at hand. This would ultimately be reversed in 1805 with the rise of Napoleon.

A transformation playing card from the 1895 Vanity Fair deck

In the 19th century, a type of card known as a transformation playing card became popular in Europe and America. In these cards, an artist incorporated the pips of the non-face cards into an artistic design. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... 7 of Diamonds from the Vanity Fair deck. ... 7 of Diamonds from the Vanity Fair deck. ...

The joker is an American innovation. Created for the Alsatian game of Euchre, it spread to Europe from America along with the spread of Poker. The joker was ideated around 1865 by Samuel Hart. The initial denomination of the card was Best or Imperial Bower (Bauer or Boer in German language is the name of the jack of trump in the game of Euchre). From the Alsatian name of the game, Juker, derived the actual appellative of the card. Although the joker card often bears the image of a fool (possibly derived from the stereotypical village idiot), which is one of the images of the Tarot deck, it is not believed that there is any relation. In contemporary decks, one of the two jokers is often more colorful or more intricately detailed than the other, though this feature is not used in most card games. The two jokers are often differentiated as "Big" and "Little," or more commonly, "Red" and "Black." In many card games the jokers are not used. Unlike face cards, the design of jokers varies widely. Many manufacturers use them to carry trademark designs. An example of a joker playing card. ... Euchre (IPA: ) is a trick-taking card game most commonly played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24 standard playing cards. ... For the domestic fireplace tool, see fireplace poker. ...

In the twentieth century, a means for coating paper cards with plastic was invented, and has taken over the market, producing a durable product. An example of what the old cardboard product was like is documented in Buster Keaton's silent comedy The Navigator, in which the forlorn comic tries to shuffle and play cards during a rainstorm. Cards made entirely of plastic were also developed, and are known for their increased durability over plastic-coated cards. Joseph Frank Buster Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966) was an Academy Award-winning American comic actor and filmmaker. ... The Navigator is a 1924 comedy directed by and starring Buster Keaton. ...

Symbolism

Playing cards have been used as vehicles for political statements. Here, a playing card of the French Revolution symbolising freedom of cult and brotherhood.

Popular legend holds that the composition of a deck of cards has religious, metaphysical, or astronomical significance: typical numerological elements of the explanation are that the four suits represent the four seasons, the 13 cards per suit are the 13 phases of the lunar cycle, black and red are for day and night, the 52 cards of the deck (joker excluded) symbolizes the number of weeks in a year, and finally, if the value of each card is added up — and 1 is added, which is generally explained away as being for a single joker — the result is 365, the number of days in a year. If the other joker is also added, that makes 366 days, the amount of days in a leap year. The context for these stories is sometimes given to suggest that the interpretation is a joke, generally being the purported explanation given by someone caught with a deck of cards in order to suggest that their intended purpose was not gambling (Urban Legends Reference Pages article). The first known publication of this type was "The Mystic Test Book, or the Magic of the Cards" by Olney H. Richmond in 1893, Chicago. A further supplement was published as "Sacred Symbols of the Ancients" by Edith L. Randall and Florence Evylinn Campbell in 1947. Many students attended seminars in California. Other authors include Milton A. Pottenger, Willis F. Whitehead, Arne Lein, Robert Lee Camp, Iain McLaren-Owens, Thomas Morrell, Geri Sullivan & Saffi Crawford, and Sharon Jeffers. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1222x1816, 576 KB) Work by Rama File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Playing card Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1222x1816, 576 KB) Work by Rama File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Playing card Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Look up numerology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In astronomy, a phase of the Moon is any of the aspects or appearances presented by the Moon as seen from Earth, determined by the portion of the Moon that is visibly illuminated by the Sun. ... Gamble redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Today

See also: Suit (cards)

“Trump card” redirects here. ...

Anglo-American-French

The primary deck of fifty-two playing cards in use today, called French deck in most languages but Anglo-American playing cards in English, includes thirteen ranks of each of the four French suits, diamonds (♦), spades (♠), hearts (♥) and clubs (♣), with reversible Rouennais court cards. Each suit includes an ace, depicting a single symbol of its suit; a king, queen, and jack, each depicted with a symbol of its suit; and ranks two through ten, with each card depicting that many symbols (pips) of its suit. Two (sometimes one or four) Jokers, often distinguishable with one being more colorful than the other, are included in commercial decks but many games require one or both to be removed before play. Modern playing cards carry index labels on opposite corners (rarely, all four corners) to facilitate identifying the cards when they overlap and so that they appear identical for players on opposite sides. “Trump card” redirects here. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Card games (solitaire, especially) are frequently standard features on computers (seen here a GNOME version of solitaire).

The fanciful design and manufacturer's logo commonly displayed on the Ace of Spades began under the reign of James I of England, who passed a law requiring an insignia on that card as proof of payment of a tax on local manufacture of cards. Until August 4, 1960, decks of playing cards printed and sold in the United Kingdom were liable for taxable duty and the Ace of Spades carried an indication of the name of the printer and the fact that taxation had been paid on the cards.^[5] The packs were also sealed with a government duty wrapper. This article is about the mythical creature. ... An Ace of Spades playing card. ... James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Taxes redirects here. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Duty is a term loosely appliedDuty to any action (or course of action) whichDutyDuty is regarded as morally incumbent, apart from personal likes and dislikes or any external compulsion. ...

Though specific design elements of the court cards are rarely used in game play, a few are notable. The Jack of Spades, Jack of Hearts, and King of Diamonds are drawn in profile, while the rest of the courts are shown in full face, these cards are commonly called "one-eyed". When deciding which cards are to be made wild in some games, the phrase "acey, deucey, one-eyed jack" (or "deuces, aces, one-eyed faces") is sometimes used, which means that aces, twos, and the one-eyed jacks are all wild. The King of Hearts is shown with a sword behind his head, making him appear to be stabbing himself, and the axe held by the King of Diamonds is behind his head with the blade facing toward him. This leads to the nickname "suicide kings". The Jack of Diamonds is sometimes known as "laughing boy"^[6]. The King of Diamonds is armed with an axe while the other three kings are armed with swords. The King of Diamonds is sometimes referred to as "the man with the axe" because of this. This is the basis of the trump "one-eyed jacks and the man with the axe". The Ace of Spades, unique in its large, ornate spade, is sometimes said to be the death card, and in some games is used as a trump card. The Queen of Spades appears to hold a scepter and is sometimes^{[citation needed]} known as "the bedpost queen." A one-eyed jack is, in a standard deck of cards, the jack of spades or the jack of hearts, both of which are seen in profile (and thus only one eye is seen). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Swiss longsword, 15th or 16th century Look up Sword in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... One-Eyed Jacks, a western movie released in 1961, is the only film directed by Marlon Brando, who replaced the original director, Stanley Kubrick. ... An Ace of Spades playing card. ... Queen of Spades may mean a number of things: for the card in a typical playing card deck, see Playing card. ... A sceptre or scepter is an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of kingly regalia. ...

There are theories about who the court cards represent. For example, the Queen of Hearts is believed by some to be a representation of Elizabeth of York — the Queen consort of King Henry VII of England. The United States Playing Card Company suggests that in the past, the King of Hearts was Charlemagne, the King of Diamonds was Julius Caesar, the King of Clubs was Alexander the Great, and the King of Spades was the Biblical King David (see King (playing card)). However the Kings, Queens and Jacks of standard Anglo-American cards today do not represent anyone in particular. They stem from designs produced in Rouen before 1516, and by 1540–67 these Rouen designs show well executed pictures in the court cards with the typical court costumes of the time. In these early cards the Jack of Spades, Jack of Hearts, and King of Diamonds are shown from the rear, with their heads turned back over the shoulder so that they are seen in profile. However, the Rouen cards were so badly copied in England that the current designs are gross distortions of the originals. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Tudor Rose: a combination of the Red Rose of Lancaster and the White Rose of York Henry VII (January 28, 1457 – April 21, 1509), King of England, Lord of Ireland (August 22, 1485 – April 21, 1509), born Henry Tudor, was the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... For other uses, see Charlemagne (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... This page is about the Biblical king David. ... The king is a playing card with a picture of a king on it. ... , Rouen (pronounced in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ...

Other oddities such as the lack of a moustache on the King of Hearts also have little significance. The King of Hearts did originally have a moustache but it was lost by poor copying of the original design.^{[citation needed]} Similarly the objects carried by the court cards have no significance. They merely differentiate one court card from another and have also become distorted over time.

The most common sizes for playing cards are poker size (2½in × 3½in; 63 mm × 88 mm, or B8 size according to ISO 216) and bridge size (2¼in × 3½in, approx. 56 mm × 88 mm), the latter being more suitable for games such as bridge in which a large number of cards must be held concealed in a player's hand. Interestingly, in most casino poker games, the bridge-sized card is used. Other sizes are also available, such as a smaller size (usually 1¾in × 2⅝in, approx. 44 mm × 66 mm) for solitaire and larger ones for card tricks. The weight of an average B8-sized playing card is 0.063 ounces (1.8 grams), a deck 3.3 ounces (94 grams). ISO 216 specifies international standard (ISO) paper sizes, used in most countries in the world today. ... Contract bridge, more usually known as Bridge, is a trick_taking card game for four players who form two partnerships, or sides. The partners on each side sit opposite one another. ... This article is about the solitaire family of card games. ...

Some decks include additional design elements. Casino blackjack decks may include markings intended for a machine to check the ranks of cards, or shifts in rank location to allow a manual check via inlaid mirror. Many casino decks and solitaire decks have four indices instead of the usual two. Many decks have large indices, largely for use in stud poker games, where being able to read cards from a distance is a benefit and hand sizes are small. Some decks use four colors for the suits in order to make it easier to tell them apart: the most common set of colors is black (spades ♠), red (hearts ♥), blue (diamonds ♦) and green (clubs ♣). This article is about casinos for gaming. ... This article is about the gambling game. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A four-color deck is identical to the standard Anglo-American playing cards except for the color of the suits. ...

When giving the full written name of a specific card, the rank is given first followed by the suit, e.g., "Ace of Spades". Shorthand notation may list the rank first "A♠" (as is typical when discussing poker) or list the suit first (as is typical in listing several cards in bridge) "♠AKQ". Tens may be either abbreviated to T or written as 10. For the domestic fireplace tool, see fireplace poker. ...

Example set of 52 playing cards; 13 of each suit clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades

	Ace	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Jack	Queen	King
Clubs:
Diamonds:
Hearts:
Spades:

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The jack is a playing card with a picture of a young man on it. ... The queen is a playing card with a picture of a queen on it. ... The king is a playing card with a picture of a king on it. ... For other uses, see club (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Diamonds () is one of the four suits found in playing cards. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see heart (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... For other uses, see spade (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...

German

German suits may have different appearances. Many eastern and southern Germans prefer decks with hearts, bells, leaves, and acorns (for hearts, diamonds, spades, and clubs), as mentioned above. In the game Skat, Eastern Germany players used the German deck, while players in western Germany mainly used the French deck. After the reunification a compromise deck was created for official Skat tournaments, with French symbols but German colors. For the American draw-and-discard card game called Scat, see Thirty-one (game). ... “East Germany” redirects here. ...

Central European

Set of 32 playing cards, the variations have also the numbering VI.

The cards of Hungary, Austria, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Slovakia, western Romania and southern Tyrol use the same colors (hearts, bells, leaves and acorns) as the cards of Southern and Eastern Germany. They usually have a deck of 32 or 36 cards. The numbering includes VII, VIII, IX, X, Under, Over, King and Ace. Some variations with 36 cards have also the number VI. The VI in bells also has the function like a joker in some games and it's named Welli or Weli. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x802, 437 KB) Summary I scanned this image from a deck of hungarian cards. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x802, 437 KB) Summary I scanned this image from a deck of hungarian cards. ... Coat of arms of the Counts of Tyrol Austria-Hungary in 1914, showing Tirol–Vorarlberg as the left-most province, coloured cream Capital Meran (Merano), until 1848 Government Principality Historical era Middle Ages  - Created County 1140  - Bequeathed to Habsburgs 1363 or 1369  - Joined Council of Princes 1582  - Trent, Tyrol and...

These cards are illustrated with a special picture series that was born in the times before the 1848-49 revolutions in Hungary, when revolutionary movements were awakening all over in Europe. The Aces show the four seasons: the ace of hearts is spring, the ace of bells is summer, the ace of leaves is autumn and the ace of acorns is winter. The characters of the Under and Over cards were taken from the drama William Tell, written by Schiller in 1804, which was shown at Cluj-Napoca in 1827. It was long believed that the card was invented in Vienna at the Card Painting Workshop of Ferdinand Piatnik, however in 1974 the very first deck was found in an English Private Collection, and it has shown the name of the inventor and creator of deck as Schneider József, a Master Card Painter at Pest, and the date of its creation as 1837. He has chosen the characters of a Swiss drama as his characters for his over and under cards; had he chosen Hungarian heroes or freedom fighters, his deck of cards never would have made it into distribution, due to the heavy censorship of the government at the time. Interestingly, although the characters on the cards are Swiss, these cards are unknown in Switzerland. The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was one of many revolutions that year and closely linked to other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Ferd. ...

Games that are played with this deck in Hungary include ulti, snapszer (or 66), zsír, fire, preferansz, makaó, lórum, piros pacsi and piros papucs. This set of cards is also used very often in the game of preferans. In Croatia and Slovenia these cards are also commonly used for a game called belot (also popular in Bulgaria and Armenia). Explanations of these games can be found at The Card Games Website. The Préférence, Painting of Viktor Vasnetsov Preference or preferans (Russian: преферанс) is a European trick-taking game especially popular in late Imperial Russia, Soviet Union and currently in post-Soviet Russia. ... Belot (usually abbreviated to Bela) is a trick-taking card game very popular in some parts of Croatia (especially Zagreb), and played worldwide by the Armenian Diaspora. ...

The most common game played in western Romania (Transilvania and Banat) is Cruce, a variation of Snapszer, most commonly played in 2 pairs, with team members facing each other, hence the name (Cruce = Romanian for Cross).

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the national game is Jass. It is played with decks of 36 cards. West of the Brünig-Napf-Reuss line, a French-style 36-card deck is used, with numbers from 6 to 10, jacks, queens, kings and aces. The same kind of deck is used in Graubünden and in parts of Thurgau. Jass is the name of a trick taking card game. ... Graubünden or Grisons (German:  ; Italian: Grigioni; Romansh: Grischun, French: Grisons) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. ... Thurgau (Thurgovia) is a canton of Switzerland. ...

In Central Switzerland, Zürich, Schaffhausen and Eastern Switzerland, the prevalent deck consists of 36 playing cards with the following suits: roses, bells, acorns and shields (in German: Rosen, Schellen, Eichel und Schilten). The ranks of the alternate deck, from low to high, are: 6, 7, 8, 9, banner (10), "under", "over", king and ace. link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink titleCentral Switzerland is the region is geographically the heart and historically the origin of Switzerland, with the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, Obwalden, Nidwalden, Lucerne and Zug. ... The Canton of Zürich (German: Kanton ) has a population of about 1. ... The Canton of   is a canton of Switzerland. ... Eastern Switzerland (German: Ostschweiz) is the common name of the region situated to the north of Glarus Alps, with the cantons of Schaffhausen, Thurgau, St. ...

Italian

Example of a knight of money, cavallo di denari (horse of coins). From the Carte Piacentine.

Italian playing cards most commonly consist of a deck of 40 cards (4 suits going 1 to 7 plus 3 face cards), and are used for playing Italian regional games such as Scopa or Briscola. 52 (or more rarely 36) card sets are also found in the north. Since these cards first appeared in the late 14th century when each region in Italy was a separately ruled province, there is no official Italian pattern. There are sixteen official regional patterns in use in different parts of the country (about one per region). These sixteen patterns are split amongst four regions: Image File history File linksMetadata Piacentine_Gumppemberg_9D.jpg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Playing card Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Piacentine_Gumppemberg_9D.jpg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Playing card Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. ... Scopa is an Italian card game played with a standard Italian 40-card deck. ... Briscola (brìscula in Sicilian, briškula in Croatian, la brisca in Spanish, briškola in Slovenian) is an Italian trick-taking card game for two to six players, played with a standard Italian 40-card deck. ... The Regions of Italy were granted a degree of regional autonomy in the 1948 constitution, which states that the constitutions role is: to recognize, protect and promote local autonomy, to ensure that services at the State level are as decentralized as possible, and to adapt the principles and laws...

• Northern Italian Suits - Triestine, Trevigiane, Trentine, Primiera Bolognese, Bergamasche, Bresciane
• Spanish-like Suits - Napoletane, Sarde, Romagnole, Siciliane, Piacentine.
• French Suits - Genovesi, Lombarde or Milanesi, Toscane, Piemontesi.
• German Suits - Salisburghesi used in Alto Adige/Südtirol

A set of Carte Bergamasche

The suits are coins (sometimes suns or sunbursts) (Denari in italian), swords (Spade), cups (Coppe) and clubs (sometimes batons Bastoni), and each suit contains an ace (or one), numbers two through seven, and three face cards. The face cards are: For other uses, see Trieste (disambiguation). ... Treviso (French: Trévise, Latin: Tarvisium, Venetian: Trèviso) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. ... Trento (Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many of the regions Italian languages/dialects use Trent or Trènt) is an Italian city located in the Adige River valley in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. ... For the food product, see Bologna sausage. ... Small street (via della Noca) leading to città alta. ... The Capitoline Temple. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... Sardinia (pronounced ; Italian: ; Sardinian: or ) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily). ... Emilia-Romagna is an administrative region of Northern Italy comprising the two historic regions of Emilia and Romagna. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... Piacenza (Placentia in Latin and old-fashioned English, Piasëinsa in the local dialect of Emiliano-Romagnolo) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. ... For other uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... For the village of the same name in Ontario, Canada, see Lombardy, Ontario. ... For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tuscany (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of the Austrian state of Salzburg. ... The Province of Bolzano-Bozen[1][2][3] (Italian: ; German: ; Ladin: Provinzia autonoma de Bulsan), also referred to in English as Alto Adige (from the Italian name) or South Tyrol (from the German name Südtirol) is an autonomous province of Italy. ...

• Re (king), the highest valued - a man standing, wearing a crown
• Cavallo (lit. horse) [italo-Spanish suits] - a man sitting on a horse / or Donna (lit. woman from Latin domina = mistress) [french suits] - a standing woman with a crown
• Fante (lit. infantry soldier) - a younger figure standing, without a crown

The Spanish-like-suit knave (fante - the lowest face card) is depicted as a woman, and is sometimes referred to as donna like the next higher face card of the French-suit deck; this, when coupled with the French usage, which puts a queen, also called donna (woman) in Italian and not regina (queen), as the mid-valued face card, can very occasionally lead to a swap of the value of the French-suit donna (or more rarely of the international-card Queen) and the knave (or jack).

Unlike Anglo-American cards, some Italian cards do not have any numbers (or letters) identifying their value. The cards' value is determined by identifying the face card or counting the number of suit characters.

Example: "Triestine" playing cards manufactured by Modiano

Spanish

The four aces present in the baraja, from the deck made by Heraclio Fournier. Left to right, top to bottom: oros, copas, espadas, and bastos.

The traditional Spanish deck (referred to as baraja española in Spanish) uses Latin suit symbols. Being a Latin-suited deck (like the Italian deck), it is organized into four palos (suits) that closely match those of the Italian-suited Tarot deck: oros ("golds" or coins), copas (beakers or cups), espadas (swords) and bastos (batons or clubs). Certain decks include two "comodines" (jokers) as well. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (824x1118, 153 KB)[edit] Summary The four aces present in the baraja, from the deck made by Heraclio Fournier. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (824x1118, 153 KB)[edit] Summary The four aces present in the baraja, from the deck made by Heraclio Fournier. ... The four aces of the Spanish deck, as styled in the best-selling deck made by Heraclio Fournier. ... The four aces present in the baraja, from the deck made by Heraclio Fournier. ... The four Anglo-American playing card suits: clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades. ... An example of a joker playing card. ...

The cards (cartas in Spanish) are all numbered, but unlike in the standard Anglo-French deck, the card numbered 10 is the first of the court cards (instead of a card depicting ten coins/cups/swords/batons); so each suit has only twelve cards. The three court or face cards in each suit are as follows: la sota ("the knave" or jack, numbered 10 and equivalent to the Anglo-French card J), el caballo ("the horse", horseman, knight or cavalier, numbered 11 and used instead of the Anglo-French card Q; note the Tarot decks have both a queen and a knight of each suit, while the Anglo-French deck uses the former, and the Spanish deck uses the latter), and finally el rey ("the king", numbered 12 and equivalent to the Anglo-French card K). However, most Spanish games involve forty-card decks, with the 8s and 9s removed, similar to the standard Italian deck.

The box that goes around the figure has a mark to distinguish the suit without showing all of your cards: The cups have one interruption, the swords two, the clubs three, and the gold none. This mark is called "la pinta" and gave rise to the expression: "le conocí por la pinta" (I knew him by his markings).

The Baraja have been widely considered to be part of the occult in many Latin-American countries, yet they continue to be used widely for card games and gambling, especially in Spain, which does not use the Anglo-French deck. Among other places, the Baraja have appeared in One Hundred Years of Solitude and other Hispanic and Latin American literature. The Spanish deck is used not only in Spain, but also in other countries where Spain maintained an influence (e.g., Mexico, Argentina and most of Hispanic America, the Philippines and Puerto Rico) 1. Among the games played with this deck are: el mus (a very popular and highly regarded vying game of Basque origin), la brisca, el tute (with many variations), el guiñote, la escoba del quince (a trick-taking game), el julepe, el cinquillo, las siete y media, la mona, el truc (or truco), el cuajo (a matching game from the Philippines), el jamón, el tonto, el hijoputa, el mentiroso, el cuco and las parejas. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Spanish: ) is a novel by Nobel Prize winning Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez that was first published in Spanish in 1967 (Buenos Aires: Sudamericana), with an English translation by Gregory Rabassa released in 1970 (New York: Harper and Row). ... Hispanic America (Hispanoamérica in Spanish) refers to those parts of the Americas inhabited by Spanish-speaking peoples. ... Aces of the Baraja deck Mus is a popular Spanish card game originating from the Basque region. ... Location of the Basque Country The Basque Country divided in seven provinces Capital Pamplona Official languages Basque, French, Spanish Demonym Basque Currency Euro The Basque-speaking areas This article is about the overall Basque domain. ... Briscola (brìscula in Sicilian, briÅ¡kula in Croatian, la brisca in Spanish, briÅ¡kola in Slovenian) is an Italian trick-taking card game for two to six players, played with a standard Italian 40-card deck. ... Escoba is a trick-taking card game for two to four players, originating in Spain. ... Trick-taking games are card games with a distinct and common play structure: Each round of play is divided into units called tricks, during which each player selects one card from his or her hand. ... The aces of the Spanish deck, used to play truco. ... Rummy is a generic term for card games of the same family as gin rummy. ... Jamón (Spanish for ham) is a traditional Spanish card game, involving any deck of cards (usually 48 Baraja or 52 Anglo-French cards, although any deck can be used) and some counters (traditionally real Jamón). ... The Cuco (Coco, coca, or cuca) is a mythical monster, a ghost, witch; equivalent to the boogeyman found in many Hispanic and Lusophone countries. ...

East Asia

The standard 52-card deck is commonly known as a "poker" deck in Japan and South Korea. These cards are most often used for baccarat and blackjack in casinos, or deciding the order of play or challenge in games of billiards. Poker itself and other western games are relatively unknown. Home and online card games in east Asia such as Koi-Koi and Go-Stop use a hanafuda or kabufuda deck in Japan, and the equivalent hwatu deck in Korea. This article is about the card game. ... This article is about the gambling game. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Kabufuda (nine-cards) are Japanese playing cards used for gambling games such as Oicho-Kabu. ...

Accessible playing cards

Playing cards have been adapted for use by the visually impaired by the inclusion of large-print and/or braille characters as part of the card. Both standard card decks and decks for specific games such as UNO are commonly adapted. Large-print cards are also commonly used by the elderly. In addition to increasing the size of the suit symbol and the denomination text, large-print cards commonly reduce the visual complexity of the images for simpler identification. They may also omit the patterns of pips in favor of one large pip to identify suit. Oversize cards are sometimes used but are uncommon. These can assist with ease of handling and to allow for larger text. Blindness can be defined physiologically as the condition of lacking sight. ... Large font, large type or large print, is a type of book in which the pages and font are much larger. ... Listen to this article ( info/dl) This audio file was created from a revision dated 2006-09-06, and may not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Uno (pronounced ) (spanish for one) is a sport/card game played with a specially printed deck (see Mau Mau for an almost identical game played with normal playing cards). ...

No universal standards for braille playing cards exist. There are many national and producer variations. In most cases each card is marked with two braille characters in the same location as the normal corner markings. The two characters can appear in either vertical (one character below another) or horizontal (two characters side by side). In either case one character identifies the card suit and the other the card denomination. 1 for ace, 2 through 9 for the numbered cards, X or the letter O for ten, J for jack, Q for queen, K for king. The suits are variously marked using D for diamond, S for spade, C or X for club and H or K for heart.

Playing card symbols in Unicode

The Unicode standard defines 8 characters for card suits in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, from U+2660 to U+2667:

The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... The Miscellaneous Symbol plane of Unicode (2600–26FF) contains various glyphs representing things from a variety of categories: Astrological, Astronomical, Chess, Dice, Ideological symbols, Musical notation, Political symbols, Recycling, Religious symbols, Trigrams, Warning Signs and Weather. ...

There is also a proposal by Michael Everson, dated 2004-05-18 to encode the 52 cards of the Anglo-American-French deck together with a character for "Playing Card Back" and another for a joker. [6] Michael Everson in Isfahan Michael Everson (born January 9, 1963) is a linguist, script encoder, typesetter, and font designer. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 138th day of the year (139th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Production Techniques

The typical production process, leading to the realization of a new deck, starts with the choice between the most suitable materials: cardboard and plastic. Cardboard is a generic non-specific term for a heavy duty paper based product. ... For other uses, see Plastic (disambiguation). ...

Cards are printed on unique sheets that undergo a varnishing procedure in order to enhance the brightness and glow of the colors printed on the cards, as well as to increase their durability.

In today’s market, some high-quality products are available. There are some specific treatments on cards surface - such as calendering and linen finishing - that guarantee performance for either professional or domestic use. Calendering is a finishing process applied to textiles and paper. ...

The cards are printed on sheets, which are cut and arranged in bands (vertical stripes) before undergoing a cutting operation that cuts out the individual cards. After assembling the new decks, they pass through the corner-rounding process that will confer the final outline: the typical rectangular playing-card shape.

Finally, each deck is wrapped in cellophane, inserted in its case and is ready for the final distribution. Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of processed cellulose. ...

See also

Look up playing card in
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Playing card

Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ... For the game on The Price Is Right, see Card Game (pricing game). ... A card manipulator performing a flourish with a deck of playing cards. ... A riffle shuffle being performed during a game of poker Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. ... Sleight-of-hand, also known as legerdemain, is a technique of close-up magic in which small items are concealed in and around the performers hands, sometimes by the use of misdirection, to enhance the illusion being performed. ... This article is about a television show. ... Austrian-style 54-card Tarock hand: the Fool; six trumps; King, Queen, 1 of hearts. ... This article is about the general history, iconography, and uses of tarot cards. ... Bourgeois Tarot or Tarot Nouveau Central European 54 card Tarock deck, often called Industrie und Glück Tarocks after the slogan appearing on Tarock II: French suited tarot cards began to appear in Germany during 18th century. ... The four aces present in the baraja, from the deck made by Heraclio Fournier. ... Card throwing is the art of throwing standard playing cards. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Ganjifa, or Gânjaphâ, is a card game that originated in Persia and became popular in India under the Mughal emperors in the 16th century. ...

Notes

The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. ...

References

• Needham, Joseph (2004), Science & Civilisation in China, vol. IV:1, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521058023 
• Parlett, David. The Oxford Guide to Card Games. 1990. ISBN 0-19-214165-1.
• An Introduction to a History of Woodcut, Arthur M. Hind, Houghton Mifflin Co. 1935 (in USA), reprinted Dover Publications, 1963 ISBN 0-486-20952-0
• Prints and Printmaking, Antony Griffiths, British Museum Press (in UK),2nd edn, 1996 ISBN 0-7141-2608-X
• Wilkinson, W.H. (1895), "Chinese Origin of Playing Cards", The American Anthropologist VIII: 61–78, <http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/Archives/Wilkinson/Wilkinson.html> 

Joseph Terence Montgomery Needham (December 9, 1900 – March 24, 1995) was a British biochemist and pre-eminent authority on the history of Chinese science. ...

External links

• History of the design of the court cards
• Online database of playing cards and card games
• World Web Playing Card Museum
• Courts on playing cards
• Deck of playing cards in SVG
• Deck of playing cards in .fla and .png
• Modern Production process