Derived from the Latin term "plenus" meaning "full", plenary authority refers to the complete power of a governing body. The concept is also used in legal circles to define complete control in other circumstances, as in plenary authority over public funds, as opposed to limited authority over funds that are encumbered as collatoral or by a legal claim.
The plenary power of the U.S. Congress, or of other sovereign nations, allow them to pass laws, levy taxes, wage wars and hold in custody those who offend against their laws. While other legal doctrines, such as the rights of states and of individuals, are held to limit the plenary power of Congress, Chief JusticeWilliam Rehnquist said the idea of limited federal powers is "one of the greatest 'fictions' of our federalist system.". Hodel v. Virginia Surface Mining & Reclamation Ass'n (1981). A congress is a gathering of people, especially a gathering for a political purpose. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, group of people, or oneself. ... In many countries such as Canada and the United States the Chief Justice is the name for the presiding officer on a senior court such as the United States Supreme Court, the Supreme Court of Canada or provincial or state supreme courts. ... William H. Rehnquist has served as the Chief Justice of the United States since 1986. ...
The concept is also used in legal circles to define complete control in other circumstances, as in plenaryauthority over public funds, as opposed to limited authority over funds that are encumbered as collatoral or by a legal claim.
The plenary power of the U.S. Congress, or of other sovereign nations, allow them to pass laws, levy taxes, wage wars and hold in custody those who offend against their laws.
While other legal doctrines, such as the rights of states and of individuals, are held to limit the plenary power of Congress, Chief Justice William Rehnquist said the idea of limited federal powers is "one of the greatest 'fictions' of our federalist system.".
Later usage has restricted the term plenary to those councils which are presided over by a delegate of the Apostolic See, who has received special power for that purpose, and which are attended by all the metropolitans and bishops of some commonwealth, empire, or kingdom, or by their duly accredited representatives.
Plenary councils, in the sense of national synods, are included under the term particular councils as opposed to universal councils.
A plenary or national council may not be convoked or celebrated without the authority of the Apostolic See, as was solemnly and repeatedly declared by Pius IX (Coll.
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