| Pleural cavity | | | | Front view of thorax, showing the relations of the pleuræ and lungs to the chest wall. Pleura in blue; lungs in purple. | | | | A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. The pleural and pericardial cavities are exaggerated since normally there is no space between parietal and visceral pleura and between pericardium and heart. | | Gray's | subject #238 1088 | | MeSH | Pleural+Cavity | The lungs are surrounded by two membranes, the pleurae. The outer pleura is attached to the chest wall and is known as the parietal pleura; the inner one is attached to the lung and other visceral tissues and is known as the visceral pleura. In between the two is a thin space known as the pleural cavity or pleural space. It is filled with pleural fluid, a serous fluid produced by the pleura. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Diagram of a tsetse fly, showing the head, thorax and abdomen The thorax is a division of an animals body that lies between the head and the abdomen. ...
The lungs are surrounded by two membranes, the pleurae. ...
The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates. ...
Image File history File links Gray968. ...
Diagram of a tsetse fly, showing the head, thorax and abdomen The thorax is a division of an animals body that lies between the head and the abdomen. ...
FIG. 967– Transverse section through the upper margin of the second thoracic vertebra The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. ...
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels. ...
The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the great vessels. ...
The heart and lungs, from an older edition of Grays Anatomy. ...
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ...
Image:3DScience respiratory labeled. ...
A serous membrane is a very thin layer of cells (usually one row) covering internal body cavity. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
In anatomy, the viscera are the internal organs of an animal, in particular the internal organs of the head, thorax and abdomen. ...
In physiology, the term serous fluid is used for various bodily fluids that are typically pale yellow and transparent, and of a benign nature. ...
The pleural fluid lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows the layers of pleura to slide against each other easily during respiration. It also provides the surface tension that keeps the lung surface in contact with the chest wall. During quiet breathing, the cavity normally experiences a negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) which helps adhere the lungs to the chest wall, so that movements of the chest wall during breathing are coupled closely to movements of the lungs.
The pleural membrane also helps to keep the two lungs away from each other and air tight, thus if one lung is punctured and collapses due to an accident, the other pleural cavity will still be air tight, and the other lung will work normally.
The parietal pleura is highly sensitive to pain; the visceral pleura is not. The visceral pleura has a dual blood supply, from the bronchial and pulmonary arteries. In humans, there is no anatomical connection between the left and right pleural cavities, so in cases of pneumothorax (see below), the other hemithorax will still be able to function normally. Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ...
Bronchial Artery The bronchial arteries supply nutrients and oxygen to the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lungs, and the visceral pleura of the lungs. ...
The pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs. ...
Diseases
Diseases involving the pleura include: - Pneumothorax (collapsed lung): air enters the pleural cavity, either from the outside or from the lung. This can be the result of a penetrating chest wound, or of an internal injury. A tension pneumothorax is where the punctured chest wall forms a one way valve so that air may enter (through the puncture) on inspiration, but cannot exit on expiration. With each breath air builds up in the chest cavity, compressing the lung still further, thus reducing the surface area available for gas exchange. It is a medical emergency.
- Pleural effusion: fluid accumulates in the pleural space, compressing the lungs. This can result for example from lung cancer, infection or heart failure.
- Mesothelioma: this is a type of cancer caused by asbestos exposure.
- Pleurisiya: an inflammatory of the pleura, especially one causing painful respiration. Pleurisy can be provoked by a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes. The modern term for this is pleuritis, but the older term is still in common use.
Left-sided pneumothorax (on the right side of the image) on CT scan of the chest with chest tube in place. ...
A medical emergency is an injury or illness that poses an immediate threat to a persons health or life which requires help from a doctor or hospital. ...
Pleural effusion Chest x-ray of a pleural effusion. ...
Image:3DScience respiratory labeled. ...
Lung cancer is the malignant transformation and expansion of lung tissue, and is the most lethal of all cancers worldwide, responsible for 1. ...
An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ...
Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ...
Fibrous asbestos on muscovite Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos (a misapplication of Latin: asbestos quicklime from Greek : a, not and sbestos, extinguishable) describes any of a group of minerals that can be fibrous, many of which are metamorphic and are hydrous magnesium silicates. ...
Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ...
See Also Look up trachea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The word capillary is used to describe any very narrow tube or channel through which a fluid can pass. ...
Voicebox redirects here. ...
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the neck and throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and cranial, or superior, to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea. ...
Haha u cant see this b/c wiess The epiglottis is a thin, lid-like flap of cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the root of the tongue, that guards the entrance of the glottis, the opening between the vocal cords. ...
A bronchus (plural bronchi, adjective bronchial) is a caliber of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. ...
The bronchioles are the first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage. ...
Additional images The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind. Image File history File links Gray1032. ...
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External links | Anatomy of torso, respiratory system: Lungs and related structures | | lungs | right • left • lingula • apex • base • root • cardiac notch • cardiac impression • hilum • borders (anterior, posterior, inferior) • surfaces (costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic) • fissures (oblique, horizontal) List of bones of the human skeleton Human anatomy is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human body. ...
The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The Respiratory System Among four-legged animals, the respiratory system generally includes tubes, such as the bronchi, used to carry air to the lungs, where gas exchange takes place. ...
The human lungs are the human organs of respiration. ...
The human lungs are the human organs of respiration. ...
The right lung is divided into three lobes, superior, middle, and inferior, by two interlobular fissures: // One of these, the oblique fissure, separates the inferior from the middle and superior lobes, and corresponds closely with the fissure in the left lung. ...
The left lung is divided into two lobes, an upper and a lower, by the oblique fissure, which extends from the costal to the mediastinal surface of the lung both above and below the hilus. ...
According to most sources, there is no middle lobe in the left lung as there is in the right lung. ...
The apex of the lung is rounded, and extends into the root of the neck, reaching from 2. ...
The base of the lung is broad, concave, and rests upon the convex surface of the diaphragm, which separates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver, and the left lung from the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, and the spleen. ...
A little above the middle of the mediastinal surface of each lung, and nearer its posterior than its anterior border, is its root, by which the lung is connected to the heart and the trachea. ...
The anterior border of the right lung is almost vertical, and projects into the costomediastinal sinus; that of the left lung presents, below, an angular notch, the cardiac notch, in which the pericardium is exposed. ...
The mediastinal surface of the lung presents a deep concavity, the cardiac impression, which accommodates the pericardium; this is larger and deeper on the left lung than on the right lung, on account of the heart projecting farther to the left than to the right side of the median plane. ...
Above and behind the cardiac impression is a triangular depression named the hilum, where the structures which form the root of the lung enter and leave the viscus. ...
The anterior border of the lung is thin and sharp, and overlaps the front of the pericardium. ...
The posterior border of the lung is broad and rounded, and is received into the deep concavity on either side of the vertebral column. ...
The inferior border of the lung is thin and sharp where it separates the base from the costal surface and extends into the phrenicocostal sinus; medially where it divides the base from the mediastinal surface it is blunt and rounded. ...
The costal surface of the lung (external or thoracic surface) is smooth, convex, of considerable extent, and corresponds to the form of the cavity of the chest, being deeper behind than in front. ...
The mediastinal surface of the lung is in contact with the mediastinal pleura. ...
The diaphragmatic surface of lung is the portion of the lung which borders on the thoracic diaphragm. ...
In the lung, the oblique fissure (or major fissure) separates the inferior lobe of either lung from the remainder of the lung. ...
The horizontal fissure of right lung (or transverse fissure) is a fissure separating the superior lobe from the inferior lobe. ...
| | conducting zone | trachea • carina • bronchi • main bronchus (right, left) • lobar/secondary bronchi (eparterial bronchus) • segmental/tertiary bronchi (bronchopulmonary segment) • bronchiole • terminal bronchiole The conducting zone of the respiratory system is made up of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. ...
The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube that has a inner diameter of about 12mm and a length of about 10-12cm. ...
In anatomy, the carina is a cartilaginous ridge in the sagittal plane of the trachea where it splits into the two primary bronchi. ...
A bronchus (plural bronchi, adjective bronchial) is a caliber of airways in the the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. ...
The Respiratory system is a very important part of the human body. ...
The left main bronchus (or left primary bronchus, or left principal bronchus) is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being nearly 5 cm long. ...
Secondary bronchi (also known as lobar bronchi) arise from the primary bronchi, with each one serving as the airway to a specific lobe of the lung. ...
The right bronchus gives off, about 2. ...
The tertiary bronchi (also known as the segmental bronchi) arise from the secondary bronchi. ...
Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. ...
The bronchioles are the first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage. ...
Basically what the bronchioles divide into before dividing into alveoli. ...
| | respiratory zone | respiratory bronchiole • alveolar duct • alveolus • alveolar-capillary barrier The respiratory zone is the site of O2 and CO2 exchange with the blood. ...
The bronchioles are the first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage. ...
Alveolar ducts are the tiny end tubules of the branching airways that fill the lungs. ...
Detailed drawing of the alveoli from Grays Anatomy, 1918 - Schematic longitudinal section of a primary lobule of the lung (anatomical unit); r. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
| | pleurae | parietal pleura (cervical, costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic) • pulmonary pleura • pulmonary ligament • recesses (costomediastinal, costodiaphragmatic) The portion of the pleura external to the pulmonary pleura lines the inner surface of the chest wall, covers the diaphragm, and is reflected over the structures occupying the middle of the thorax; this portion is termed the parietal pleura. ...
Different portions of the parietal pleura have received special names which indicate their position: thus, that which rises into the neck, over the summit of the lung, is the cupula of the pleura (cervical pleura). ...
Different portions of the parietal pleura have received special names which indicate their position: thus, that portion which lines the inner surfaces of the ribs and Intercostales is the costal pleura. ...
Different portions of the parietal pleura have received special names which indicate their position: thus, that portion which lines the inner surfaces of the ribs and Intercostales is the costal pleura; that clothing the convex surface of the diaphragm is the diaphragmatic pleura; that which rises into the neck, over...
Different portions of the parietal pleura have received special names which indicate their position: that clothing the convex surface of the diaphragm is the diaphragmatic pleura. ...
Each lung is invested by an exceedingly delicate serous membrane, the pleura, which is arranged in the form of a closed invaginated sac. ...
The root of the lung is covered in front, above, and behind by pleura, and that at its lower border the investing layers come into contact. ...
The costomediastinal recess is a potential space at the border of the mediastinal pleura and the costal pleura. ...
In the pleural cavity, the costodiaphragmatic recess is a potential space at the posteriormost tips of the cavity, located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura. ...
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