The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript Codex Regius. Along with Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda the Poetic Edda is the most important extant source on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends. Old Norse is the Germanic language spoken by the inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300. ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... The Codex Regius is an Icelandic manuscript (See also Codex) which is thought to have been written in the 1270s, but many of the poems and stories contained in it pre-date the conversion of Scandinavia to Christianity in the late tenth century. ... A statue of Snorri Sturluson by Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland was erected at Reykholt in 1947. ... The Younger Edda, known also as the Prose Edda or Snorris Edda is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories. ... Norse, Viking or Scandinavian mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian peoples, including those who settled on Iceland, where most of the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ...

Codex Regius was written in the 13th century but nothing is known of its whereabouts until 1643 when it came into the possession of Brynjólfur Sveinsson, then Bishop of Skálholt. At that time versions of Snorri's Edda were well known in Iceland but scholars speculated that there once was another Edda—an Elder Edda—which contained the pagan poems which Snorri quotes in his book. When Codex Regius was discovered, it seemed that this speculation had proven correct. Brynjólfur attributed the manuscript to Sæmundr the Learned, a larger-than-life 12th century Icelandic priest. While this attribution is rejected by modern scholars, the name Sæmundar Edda is still sometimes encountered. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... // Events January 21 - Abel Tasman discovers Tonga February 6 - Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands. ... Brynjólfur Sveinsson (1605–1675) served as the Lutheran Bishop of the village Skálholt in the south of Iceland. ... Skálholt in winter Skálholt (Old Icelandic: Skálaholt) is an historical site situated in the south of Iceland at the river Hvitá. The village Skálholt consists only of a relatively big church and a few houses. ... Norse paganism or Nordic religion is a termed used to abbreviate the religion preferably amongst the Germanic tribes living in Nordic countries under pre-Christian period that are supported by archaeology findings and early written materials. ... Saemund the wise (1056-1133) was an Icelander and Christian priest, who studied in Paris. ...

Bishop Brynjólfur sent Codex Regius as a present to the Danish king, hence the name. For centuries it was stored in the Royal Library in Copenhagen but in 1971 it was returned to Iceland. The Royal Library in Copenhagen (Danish: Det Kongelige Bibliotek) is the national library of Denmark and the largest and most important library of Scandinavia. ...

Style

The Eddic poems are composed in alliterative verse. Most are in fornyrðislag, while málaháttr is a common variation. The rest, about a quarter, are composed in ljóðaháttr. The Old English epic poem Beowulf is written in alliterative verse. ... The Old English epic poem Beowulf is written in alliterative verse. ... Málaháttr is a poetic metre in Old Norse poetry, which is usually described as conversational style. It is similar to fornyrðislag except in that there are a regular number of syllables in a line, usually (but not always) five. ... The Old English epic poem Beowulf is written in alliterative verse. ...

The language of the poems is usually clear and relatively unadorned. While kennings are often employed they do not rise to the frequency or complexity found in skaldic poetry. In literature, a kenning is a poetic phrase, a figure of speech, substituted for the usual name of a person or thing. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with skaldic poetry. ...

Authorship

Like most early poetry the Eddic poems were minstrel poems, passing orally from singer to singer and from poet to poet for centuries. None of the poems are attributed to a particular author though many of them show strong individual characteristics and are likely to have been the work of individual poets. Scholars sometimes speculate on hypothetical authors but firm and accepted conclusions have never been reached. For the 18th century American form of music and performance known as minstrelsy, see minstrel show. ...

Time of composition

The dating of the poems has been a lively source of scholarly argument for a long time. Firm conclusions are hard to reach. While lines from the Eddic poems sometimes appear in poems by known poets such evidence is difficult to evaluate. For example Eyvindr skáldaspillir, composing in the latter half of the 10th century, uses in his Hákonarmál a couple of lines also found in Hávamál. It is possible that he was quoting a known poem but it is also possible that Hávamál, or at least the strophe in question, is the younger derivative work. Eyvindr Finnsson skáldaspillir was a 10th century Norwegian skald. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... Hákonarmál is a skaldic poem which the skald Eyvindr Skáldaspillir composed about the fall of the Norwegian king Haakon the Good and his reception in Valhalla. ... Hávamál (Sayings of Hár, Sayings of the high one) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda. ...

The few demonstrably historical characters mentioned in the poems, like Attila, provide a terminus post quem of sorts. The dating of the manuscripts themselves provides a more useful terminus ante quem. For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... This page lists direct English translations of common Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. ...

Individual poems have individual clues to their age. For example Atlamál hin groenlenzku is claimed by its title, and seems by some internal evidence, to have been composed in Greenland. If so, it can be no earlier than about 985 since there were no Scandinavians in Greenland until that time. The bottom of page 43 verso of the Codex Regius contains stanzas 96 and 97 of Atlamál. ... Events Barcelona sacked by Al-Mansur Greenland colonized by Icelandic Viking Erik the Red (the date is according to legend but has been established as at least approximately correct – see History of Greenland) Lady Wulfruna founded the town that later became the city of Wolverhampton Births Al-Hakim bi...

In some cases old poems can have been interpolated with younger verses or merged with other poems. For example stanzas 9-16 of Völuspá, the "Dvergatal" or "Catalogue of Dwarfs", is considered to be an interpolation. Völuspá (The Prophecy of the Seeress) is the first poem in the Poetic Edda. ...

Location of composition

The problem of dating the poems is linked with the problem of finding out where they were composed. Since Iceland was not settled until about 870, anything composed before that time would necessarily have been elsewhere, most likely in Norway. Any young poems, on the other hand, are likely Icelandic in origin. Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. ...

Scholars have attempted to localize individual poems by studying the geography, flora and fauna which they refer to. This approach usually does not yield firm results. While there are, for example, no wolves in Iceland we can be sure that Icelandic poets were familiar with the species. Similarly the apocalyptic descriptions of Völuspá have been taken as evidence that the poet who composed it had seen a volcanic eruption in Iceland - but this is hardly certain. Völuspá (The Prophecy of the Seeress) is the first poem in the Poetic Edda. ...

In later years scholars have tended to avoid this debate.

Editions

Some poems similar to those found in Codex Regius are normally also included in editions of the Poetic Edda. Important manuscripts include AM 748 I 4to, Hauksbók and Flateyjarbók. Many of the poems are quoted in Snorri's Edda but usually only in bits and pieces. AM 748 I 4to is an Icelandic vellum manuscript fragment containing several Eddaic poems. ... The Hauksbók is one of the few medieaval Norse manuscripts of which we know the author. ... The Flatey Book, (in Icelandic the Flateyjarbók Flat-island book) is one of the most important medieval Icelandic manuscripts. ...

What poems are included in an edition of the Poetic Edda depends on the editor. Those not in Codex Regius are sometimes called Eddica minora from their appearance in an edition with that title edited by Andreas Heusler and Wilhelm Ranisch in 1903. 1900 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Friday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...

English translators are not consistent on the translations of the names of the Eddic poems or on how the Old Norse forms should be rendered in English. Up to three translations are given below, taken from the translations of Bellows, Hollander, and Larrington with proper names in the normalized English forms found in Lindow's Norse Mythology and in Orchard's Cassell's Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend.

Poems included by various editors

Mythological Poems

In Codex Regius

Völuspá Wise-woman's prophecy, The Prophecy of the Seeress, The Seeress's Prophecy

Hávamál The Ballad of the High One, The Sayings of Hár, Sayings of the High One

Vafþrúðnismál The Ballad of Vafthrúdnir, The Lay of Vafthrúdnir, Vafthrúdnir's Sayings

Grímnismál The Ballad of Grímnir, The Lay of Grímnir, Grímnir's Sayings

Skírnismál The Ballad of Skírnir, The Lay of Skírnir, Skírnir's Journey

Hárbarðsljóð The Poem of Hárbard, The Lay of Hárbard, Hárbard's Song

Hymiskviða The Lay of Hymir, Hymir's Poem

Lokasenna Loki's Wrangling, The Flyting of Loki, Loki's Quarrel

Þrymskviða The Lay of Thrym, Thrym's Poem

Völundarkviða The Lay of Völund

Alvíssmál The Ballad of Alvís, The Lay of Alvís, All-Wise's Sayings

Völuspá (The Prophecy of the Seeress) is the first poem in the Poetic Edda. ... Hávamál (Sayings of Hár, Sayings of the high one) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda. ... In Norse mythology, Vafþrúðnismál (Vafþrúðnirs sayings) is the third poem in the Poetic Edda. ... Grímnismál (Sayings of Grímnir) is one of the mythological poems of the Poetic Edda. ... AM 748 I 4to, one of the two manuscripts to preserve Skírnismál, has notes on the margin indicating the speaker of each verse. ... The Hárbarðsljóð (Lay of Hárbarðr; the name can be anglicized as Hárbardsljód, Hárbarthsljóth, Hárbardhsljódh, Harbardsljod and variations on this) is one of the poems of the Poetic Edda, found in the Codex Regius and AM 748 I 4to manuscripts. ... Jörmungandr gets himself fished by Thor. ... Lokasenna (Lokis flyting, Lokis wrangling, Lokis quarrel) is one of the mythological poems of the Poetic Edda. ... Thor dresses up as a bride and Loki as a bridesmaid. ... Völundr and his brothers marry valkyries who dress in swan skins. ... Alvíssmál is an Eddic poem relating a conversation Þórr had with the dwarf Alvíss (All-knowing). Alvíss comes to Þórr to claim Þórrs daughter as his bride. ...

Not in Codex Regius

Baldrs draumar Baldr's Dreams

Rígsþula The Song of Ríg, The Lay of Ríg, The List of Ríg

Hyndluljóð The Poem of Hyndla, The Lay of Hyndla, The Song of Hyndla

Völuspá in skamma The short Völuspá, The Short Seeress' Prophecy, Short Prophecy of the Seeress - This poem is included as an interpolation in Hyndluljóð.

Svipdagsmál The Ballad of Svipdag, The Lay of Svipdag - This title, originally suggested by Bugge, actually covers two separate poems:

Grógaldr Gróa's Spell, The Spell of Gróa

Fjölsvinnsmál Ballad of Fjölsvid, The Lay of Fjölsvid

Gróttasöngr The Mill's Song, The Song of Grotti (Not included in many editions.)

Hrafnagaldur Óðins Odins's Raven Song, Odin's Raven Chant. (A late work not included in most editions).

Baldrs draumar (Balders dreams) or Vegtamskviða is an Eddic poem, contained in the manuscript AM 748 I 4to. ... In the eddic poem Rígthula (Old Norse Rígþula ) Song of Ríg, the name Ríg is applied to a god who is called old and wise, mighty and strong who wandered through the world and brought into being (apparently by fathering them) the progenitors of the... Hyndluljóð or Lay of Hyndla is an Old Norse poem often considered a part of the Poetic Edda. ... Völuspá hin skamma, Völuspá the Less or the Short Völuspá, is an Old Norse poem which survives as a handful of stanzas in Hyndluljóð, in the Poetic Edda, and as one stanza in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturlusons Prose Edda. ... Svipdagsmál or The Lay of Svipdag is an Old Norse work, a part of the Elder Edda, comprised of two poems, The Spell of Groa and The Lay of Fjolsvith. ... Gróa. ... Menglöð. Fjölsvinnsmál or The Sayings of Fjölsvinnr is the second of two Old Norse poems which comprise the Svipdagsmál, The Lay of Svipdagr. ... Fenja and Menja Grottasöngr is a Scandinavian legend that was written down by Snorri Sturluson in the Poetic Edda. ... Hrafnagaldr Óðins (Odins raven-galdr) or Forspjallsljóð (prelude poem) is an Icelandic poem in the style of the Poetic Edda. ...

Heroic lays

In Codex Regius

After the mythological poems Codex Regius continues with heroic lays about mortal heroes. A Lai was a song form composed in northern Europe, mainly France and Germany, from the 13th to the late 14th century. ...

The Helgi Lays

Helgakviða Hundingsbana I or Völsungakviða The First Lay of Helgi Hundingsbane, The First Lay of Helgi the Hunding-Slayer, The First Poem of Helgi Hundingsbani

Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar The Lay of Helgi the Son of Hjörvard, The Lay of Helgi Hjörvardsson, The Poem of Helgi Hjörvardsson

Helgakviða Hundingsbana II or Völsungakviða in forna The Second Lay of Helgi Hundingsbane, The Second Lay of Helgi the Hunding-Slayer, A Second Poem of Helgi Hundingsbani

Note: Helgi Hjörvarðsson and Helgi Hundingsbani are two different characters, though the connecting prose of the Poetic Edda states that the second is the first reborn.

The Niflung Cycle

Frá dauða Sinfjötla Of Sinfjötli's Death, Sinfjötli's Death, The Death of Sinfjötli (A short prose text.)

Grípisspá Grípir's Prophecy, The Prophecy of Grípir

Reginsmál The Ballad of Regin, The Lay of Regin

Fáfnismál The Ballad of Fáfnir, The Lay of Fáfnir

Sigrdrífumál The Ballad of The Victory-Bringer, The Lay of Sigrdrífa

Brot af Sigurðarkviðu Fragment of a Sigurd Lay, Fragment of a Poem about Sigurd

Guðrúnarkviða I The First Lay of Gudrún

Sigurðarkviða hin skamma The Short Lay of Sigurd, A Short Poem about Sigurd

Helreið Brynhildar Brynhild's Hell-Ride, Brynhild's Ride to Hel, Brynhild's Ride to Hell

Dráp Niflunga The Slaying of The Niflungs, The Fall of the Niflungs, The Death of the Niflungs

Guðrúnarkviða II The Second Lay of Gudrún or Guðrúnarkviða hin forna The Old Lay of Gudrún

Guðrúnarkviða III The Third Lay of Gudrún

Oddrúnargrátr The Lament of Oddrún, The Plaint of Oddrún, Oddrún's Lament

Atlakviða The Lay of Atli. (The full manuscript title is Atlakviða hin grœnlenzka, that is, The Greenland Lay of Atli, but editors and translators generally omit the Greenland reference as a probable error from confusion with the following poem.)

Atlamál hin groenlenzku The Greenland Ballad of Atli, The Greenlandish Lay of Atli, The Greenlandic Poem of Atli

The Jörmunrekkr Lays

Guðrúnarhvöt Gudrún's Inciting, Gudrún's Lament, The Whetting of Gudrún.

Hamðismál The Ballad of Hamdir, The Lay of Hamdir

The heroic lays are to be seen as a whole in the Edda, but they consist of three layers, the story of Helgi Hundingsbani, the story of the Nibelungs and the story of Jörmunrekkr, king of the Goths. These are, respectively, Scandinavian, German and Gothic in origin. It is interesting to note, that as far as historicity can be ascertained, Attila, Jörmunrekkr and Brynhildr actually existed, taking Brynhildr to be partly based on Brunhilda of Austrasia, but the chronology has been reversed in the poems. Helgis army departs to fight for Sigrún. ... Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar (Lay of Helgi Hjörvarðsson) is an Eddic poem, found in the Codex Regius manuscript where it follows Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and precedes Helgakviða Hundingsbana II. The portion of text which constitutes the poem is unnamed in the manuscript and may never... Helgi returns to Valhalla Helgi Hundingsbane was a hero in the Norse sagas, who appears in the Volsunga saga and in two lays in the Poetic Edda named Helgakviða Hundingsbana I and II. // Earning his name and meeting a Valkyrie He appears to be the son of Sigmund and... Frá dauða SinfjÇ«tla, although published in editions of the Elder Edda, is not a poem, but a very short piece in prose, describing the death of SinfjÇ«tli, son of Sigmundr, connecting Helgakviða Hundingsbana II and Grípisspá. Borghildr, wife of Sigmundr, wanted SinfjÇ«tli, her stepson... Grípisspá (Grípirs prophecy) or Sigurðarkviða Fáfnisbana I (First Lay of Sigurd Fáfnirs Slayer) is an Eddic poem, found in the Codex Regius manuscript where it follows Frá dauða Sinfjötla and precedes Fáfnismál. ... We dont have an article called Reginsmál Start this article Search for Reginsmál in. ... Sigurd plunges his sword into Fáfnirs chest in this illustration by Arthur Rackham. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This poem dealt extensively with the meeting of Sigurd and Brynhildr. ... Guðrúnarkviða I, II and III are three different skaldic poems in the Poetic Edda with the same protagonist, Gudrun. ... Gunnarr has to decide whether to kill Sigurd or lose his wife Brynhildr. ... Sigurd and Brynhilds funeral In Norse mythology, Brynhildr was a shieldmaiden and a valkyrie. ... Attila the Hun (Atli) gets his revenge by killing the lords of the Burgundians in this section of the Poetic Edda. ... Guðrúnarkviða I, II and III are three different skaldic poems in the Poetic Edda with the same protagonist, Gudrun. ... Guðrúnarkviða I, II and III are three different skaldic poems in the Poetic Edda with the same protagonist, Gudrun. ... Oddrúnargrátr (Oddrúns lament) or Oddrúnarkviða (Oddrúns poem) is an Eddic poem, found in the Codex Regius manuscript where it follows Guðrúnarkviða III and precedes Atlakviða. ... Atlakviða (The Lay of Atli) is a heroic lay from the Poetic Edda. ... The bottom of page 43 verso of the Codex Regius contains stanzas 96 and 97 of Atlamál. ... Guðrúnarhvöt is a skaldic poem of the Poetic Edda. ... The Hamðismál is a poem which ends the Skaldic poetry of the Poetic Edda, and thereby the whole collection. ... Helgi Hundingsbane/Hundingsbani was a hero in the Norse sagas. ... German Nibelung and the corresponding Old Norse form Niflung (Niflungr) refers in most of the German texts and in all the Old Norse texts to the royal family or lineage of the Burgundians who settled at Worms. ... The green area is the traditional extent of Götaland and the dark pink area is the island of Gotland. ... This article is about the Germanic tribes. ... For other uses, see Attila (disambiguation). ... The green area is the traditional extent of Götaland and the dark pink area is the island of Gotland. ... In Norse mythology, Brünnehilde was a shieldmaiden and a Valkyrie. ... Philippoteaux and Girardet, Die Folterung von Brunhilde. ...

Not in Codex Regius

Several of the legendary sagas contain poetry in the Eddic style. Its age and importance is often difficult to evaluate but Hervarar saga, in particular, contains interesting poetic interpolations. A Fornaldarsaga deals with matter that took place in Scandinavia (and a few distant places) before the colonization of Iceland. ... Hervarar saga ok Heidhreks is a fornaldarsaga from the 13th century using material from an older saga. ...

Hlöðskviða Lay of Hlöd, also known in English as The Battle of the Goths and the Huns. Extracted from Hervarar saga.

The Waking of Angantýr Extracted from Hervarar saga.

Gizur challenges the Huns Hlöðskviða or The Battle of the Goths and Huns is sometimes counted among the Eddic poems. ... Hervarar saga ok Heidhreks is a fornaldarsaga from the 13th century using material from an older saga. ... The Waking of Angantyr or the Incantation of Hervor is a poem in the Poetic Edda, which is also found in the Hervarar saga. ... Hervarar saga ok Heidhreks is a fornaldarsaga from the 13th century using material from an older saga. ...

Sólarljóð

Sólarljóð Poems of the sun.

This poem, also not in Codex Regius, is sometimes included in editions of the Poetic Edda even though it is Christian and belongs, properly speaking, to the visionary literature of the Middle Ages. It is, however, written in ljóðaháttr and uses some heathen imagery. The Sólarljóð is an Old Norse poem that is sometimes included in editions of the Poetic Edda due to its imagery from Norse mythology. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Allusions and quotations

• As noted above, the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson makes much use of the Poetic Edda.
• The Volsungasaga is a prose version of much of the Niflung cycle of poems. Due to several missing pages in the Codex Regius, the Volsungasaga is the oldest source for the Norse version of much of the story of Sigurð. Only four stanzas found on those pages are still extant, all of which are quoted in the Volsungasaga.

The Younger Edda, known also as the Prose Edda or Snorris Edda is an Icelandic manual of poetics which also contains many mythological stories. ... The Ramsund carving in Sweden depicts 1) how Sigurd is sitting naked in front of the fire preparing the dragon heart, from Fafnir, for his foster-father Regin, who is Fafnirs brother. ... This poem dealt extensively with the relationship of Sigurd and Brynhildr. ...

See also

• Old Norse poetry
• Norse mythology

Old Norse poetry encompasses a range of verse forms written in a number of Nordic languages, embraced by the term Old Norse, during the period from the 8th century to as late as the far end of the 13th century. ... Norse, Viking or Scandinavian mythology comprises the indigenous pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian peoples, including those who settled on Iceland, where most of the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ...

References

• Anderson, Rasmus B. (1876). Norse Mythology: Myths of the Eddas. Chicago: S. C. Griggs and company; London: Trubner & co. Reprinted 2003, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. ISBN 1-4102-0528-2
• Árni Björnsson (Ed.). (1975). Snorra-Edda. Reykjavík. Iðunn.
• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússson (1989). Íslensk orðsifjabók, Reykjavík.
• Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0.
• Orchard, Andy (1997). Cassell's Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36385-5.
• Ólafur Briem (Ed.). (1985). Eddukvæði. Reykjavík: Skálholt.
• Tolkien, J. R. R. The Return of the Shadow, page 240. Ed. Christopher Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988.

Bibliography in reverse chronological order

• Original text
  • Neckel, Gustav (Ed.). (1983). Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern I: Text. (Rev. Hans Kuhn, 5th edition). Heidelberg: Winter. (A web text of the Poetic Edda based on this edition has been prepared by David Stifter and Sigurdur H. Palsson (1994), Vienna, corrections by Fabrizio Ducci (2001), Titus version by Jost Gippert, available at Titus: Text Collection: Edda.)
  • Jón Helgason (Ed.). (1955). Eddadigte (3 vols.). Copenhagen: Munksgaard. (Codex Regius poems up to Sigrdrífumál.) (Reissue of the following entry.)
  • ————— (Ed.) (1951–1952). Eddadigte. Nordisk filologi A: 4 and 7–8. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
  • Finnur Jónsson (Ed.). (1932). De gamle Eddadigte. Copenhagen: Gads. (Available in pdf format at septentrionalia.org.)
  • Boer, R. C. (Ed.). (1922). Die Edda mit historisch-kritischem Commentar I: Einleitung und Text. (2 vols.) Haarlem: Willink & Zoon. (Text and German translation.)
  • Heusler, Andreas & Ranisch, Wilhelm (Eds.) (1903). Eddica Minora. Dortmund.
  • Wimmer, E. A. & Finnur Jónsson (Eds.) (1891). Håndskriftet Nr 2365 4to gl. kgl. samling på det store Kgl. bibliothek i København (Codex regius af den ældre Edda) i fototypisk og diplomatisk gengievelse. (4 vols.) Copenhagen: Samfund til udgivelse at gammel nordisk litteratur. (A lithographic edition of the Codex Regions with diplomatic text. Codex Regions leaves 1–39 of this edition are available at Dr. Samuel Sinner: Edda Mythic Poems - Codex Regius Facsimiles
  • Bugge, Sophus (Ed.). (1867). Sæmundar Edda. Christiania: P. T. Malling. (Available at Old Norse: etexts.)
  • Munch, P.A. (Ed.). (1847). Den ældre Edda: Samling af norrøne oldkvad. Christiania [Oslo]: P.T. Malling. (Available in image format at books.google.com.)
  • Sagnanet: Eddic poetry (Portal to graphic images of Eddic poems from manuscripts and old printed texts).

• Original text with English translation
  • Dronke, Ursula (Ed. & trans.) (1969). The Poetic Edda, vol. I, Heroic Poems. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-811497-4. (Atlakviða, Atlamál in Grœnlenzko, Guðrúnarhvöt, Hamðismál.)
  • ————— (1997). The Poetic Edda, vol. II, Mythological Poems. Oxford: Clarendeon. ISBN 0-19-811181-9. (Völuspá, Rígsthula, Völundarkvida, Lokasenna, Skírnismál, Baldrs draumar.)
  • Bray, Olive. (Ed. & trans.) (1908). The Elder or Poetic Edda: Commonly known as Saemund's Edda, Part 1, The Mythological Poems. Viking Club Translation Series vol. 2. London: Printed for the Viking Club. Reprinted 1982 New York: AMS Press. ISBN 0-404-60012-3
  • Gudbrand Vigfússon & Powell, F. York (Ed. & trans.) (1883). Corpus Poeticum Boreale: The Poetry of the Old Northern Tongue. (2 vols.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. Reprinted 1965, New York: Russell & Russell. Reprinted 1965, Oxford: Clarendon. Translations from Volume 1 issued in Lawrence S. Thompson (Ed.). (1974). Norse mythology: the Elder Edda in prose translation.. Hamden, CN: Archon Books. ISBN 0-208-01394-6
• English translation only.
  

  The Poetic Edda, Translated by Lee M. Hollander
  • Larrington, Carolyne. (Trans.). (1996). The Poetic Edda. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-282383-3
  • Terry, Patricia. (Trans.) (1990). Poems of the Elder Edda. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-8235-3 hardcover, ISBN 0-8122-8220-5 paperback. (A revision of Terry's Poems of the Vikings of 1969, listed below.)
  • Auden, W. H. & Taylor, Paul B. (Trans.). (1981). Norse Poems. London: Athlone. ISBN 0-485-11226-4. Also issued 1983, London: Faber ISBN 0-571-13028-3. (Revised and expanded edition of Auden and Taylor's The Elder Edda: A Selection of 1969, listed below.)
  • Terry, Patricia. (Trans.) (1969). Poems of the Vikings: The Elder Edda. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. ISBN 0-672-60332-2
  • Auden, W. H. & Taylor, Paul B. (Trans.). (1969). The Elder Edda: A Selection. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-09066-4. Issued in 1970, New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-70601-3. Also issued 1975, Bridgeport, CN: Associated Booksellers. ISBN 0-571-10319-7
  • Hollander, Lee M. (Trans.) (1962). The Poetic Edda: Translated with an Introduction and Explanatory Notes. (2nd ed., rev.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-76499-5. (Some of the translations appear at Wodensharrow: Texts).
  • Bellows, Henry Adams. (Trans.). (1923). The Poetic Edda: Translated from the Icelandic with an Introduction and Notes. New York: American-Scandinavian Foundation. Reprinted Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellon Press. ISBN 0-88946-783-8. (Available at Sacred Texts: Sagas and Legends: The Poetic Edda. An HTML version transcribed with new annotations by Ari Odhinnsen is available at Northvegr: Lore: Poetic Edda - Bellows Trans..)
  • Thorpe, Benjamin. (Trans.). (1866). Edda Sæmundar Hinns Froða: The Edda Of Sæmund The Learned. (2 vols.) London: Trübner & Co. 1866. (HTML version transcribed by Ari Odhinnsen available at Northvegr: Lore: Poetic Edda - Thorpe Trans.) Reprinted 1906 as "The Elder Eddas of Saemund" in Rasmus B. Anderson & J. W. Buel (Eds.) The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson. Tr. from the original Old Norse text into English by Benjamin Thorpe, and The Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson Tr. from the original Old Norse text into English by I. A. Blackwell (pp. 1–255). Norrœna, the history and romance of northern Europe. London, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Berlin, New York: Norrœna Society. (A searchable graphic image version of this text requiring DjVu plugin is available at University of Georgia Libraries: Facsimile Books and Periodicals: The Elder Eddas and the Younger Eddas.)
  • Cottle, A. S. (Trans.). (1797). Icelandic Poetry or the Edda of Saemund. Bristol: N. Biggs. (Oldest English translation of a substantial portion of the Poetic Edda.)

• Commentary
  • La Farge, Beatrice & Tucker, John. (Eds.). (1992) Glossary to the Poetic Edda Based on Hans Kuhn's Kurzes Wörterbuch. Heidelberg. (Update and expansions of the glossary of the Neckel-Kuhn edition.)
  • Glendinning, Robert J. & Bessason, Haraldur. (1983). Edda: A Collection of Essays. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Jón Helgason (June 30, 1899 - January 19, 1986) was an Icelandic philologist and poet. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 370 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (420 × 681 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An edition of The Poetic Edda - Book Cover Image. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 370 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (420 × 681 pixels, file size: 59 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) An edition of The Poetic Edda - Book Cover Image. ... Benjamin Thorpe (1782 - July, 1870) was an English Anglo_Saxon scholar. ...

External links

• The Poetic Edda, Bellows translation at sacred-texts.com
• Critical editions of the Poetic Edda in pdf format at septentrionalia.org
• Eddukvæði Poetic Edda in Old Norse from heimskringla.no
• CyberSamurai Encyclopedia of Norse Mythology: Poetic Edda (Old Norse)
• CyberSamurai Encyclopedia of Norse Mythology: Poetic Edda (English)
• The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson; and the Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson, available at Project Gutenberg., translated by Benjamin Thorpe (Elder Eddas) and I. A. Blackwell (Younger Eddas). (1906)