Poland syndrome (also Poland's syndrome, Poland's syndactyly and Poland's anomaly) is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis) on one side of the body and webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (ipsilateral hand). The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... // Q00-Q99 - Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q07) Congenital malformations of the nervous system (Q00) Anencephaly and similar malformations (Q01) Encephalocele (Q02) Microcephaly (Q03) Congenital hydrocephalus (Q04) Other congenital malformations of brain (Q05) Spina bifida (Q06) Other congenital malformations of spinal cord (Q07) Other congenital malformations of nervous... The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify diseases and a wide variety of signs, symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances and external causes of injury or disease. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. ... // Location The clavicular head of the pectoralis major takes its origin from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. ... In zoology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of an animal. ... The anatomical planes The anatomical position is a schematic convention for describing the relative morphology of the human body. ...

It is named after Sir Alfred Poland, who is credited with first reporting it after performing on autopsy at Guy's Hospital in London in 1841. ^[1] Sir Alfred Poland (1822 - August 21, 1872) was a 19th century British surgeon. ... Guys Hospital for Incurables. An illustration from John Stows Survey of London (1755). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, Poland syndrome affects males three times as often as females and affects the right side of the body twice as often as the left. ^[2] The incidence is estimated to range from one in 7,000 to one in 100,000 live births. ^[3] The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is a division of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland. ...

The cause of Poland syndrome is unknown, however, an interruption of the embryonic blood supply to the arteries that lie under the collarbone (subclavian arteries) at about the 46th day of embryonic development is the prevailing theory. ^[4]

British TV presenter Jeremy Beadle is one of the few celebrities with this disorder. ^[5] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Clinical features

Example female breasts with Poland syndrome

Very Frequent Signs

• Abnormal gastrointestinal tract
• Absent pectoral muscles
• Brachydactyly (Short fingers)
• Dextrocardia
• Diaphragmatic hernia/defect
• Humerus absent/abnormal
• Liver/biliary tract anomalies
• Maternal diabetes
• Oligodactyly/missing fingers
• Radius absent/abnormal
• Rhizomelic micromelia (relatively shorter proximal segment of the limbs compared to the middle and the distal segments)
• Syndactyly of fingers (webbing)
• Ulnar absent/abnormal
• Upper limb asymmetry
• Abnormal rib

Frequent Signs For the Physics term GUT, please refer to Grand unification theory The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and... Location The clavicular head of the pectoralis major takes its origin from the anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. ... Brachydactyly is a medical term which literally means shortness of the fingers and toes (digits). ... Dextrocardia is a peculiar condition in which the heart is positioned on the right side of the chest while it is normally on the left (mirror-image). ... A diaphragm is some sort of separating membrane. ... A hernia is often likened to the failure of a tire. ... The humerus is a long bone in the arm or fore-legs (animals) that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. ... The liver is an organ in some animals, including mammals (and therefore humans), birds, and reptiles. ... X-Ray of the bile duct during a laprascopic cholecystectomy A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile. ... Mother with her child (Sculpture) A mother is typically the biological or social female parent of a child or offspring while the male parent is the father. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... The radius and ulna of the left forearm, posterior surface. ... In zoology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of an animal. ... The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. ... Symmetry is a characteristic of geometrical shapes, equations and other objects; we say that such an object is symmetric with respect to a given operation if this operation, when applied to the object, does not appear to change it. ... The human rib cage. ...

• Hypoplastic/absent nipples
• Scapula anomaly

Occasional Signs Hypoplasia is an incomplete or arrested development of an organ or a part [1]. It is descriptive of many medical conditions such as: Underdeveloped breasts during puberty. ... Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ...

• Agenesis/hypoplasia of kidneys
• Encephalocele/exencephaly
• Abnormal morphology of hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis
• Abnormal function of hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis
• Microcephaly
• Preaxial polydactyly
• Ureteric anomalies (reflux/duplex system)
• Vertebral segmentation anomaly

Agenesis is the medical term for the failure of an organ to develop during embrionic growth and development. ... Hypoplasia is an incomplete or arrested development of an organ or a part [1]. It is descriptive of many medical conditions such as: Underdeveloped breasts during puberty. ... Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... Polydactyly, or polydactylism, also known as hyperdactyly is the anatomical variant consisting of more than the usual number of digits on the hands and/or feet. ... Transverse section of ureter. ... A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. ...

References

1. ^ Poland, Alfred (1841). "Deficiency of the pectoral muscles". Guy’s Hospital Reports VI: 191-193. 
2. ^ "Learning about Poland Anomaly". Retrieved on 2007-02-09.
3. ^ Fokin A, Robicsek F (2002). "Poland's syndrome revisited". Ann Thorac Surg 74 (6): 2218-25. PMID 12643435. 
4. ^ Poullin P, Toussirot E, Schiano A, Serratrice G (1992). "[Complete and dissociated forms of Poland's syndrome (5 cases)]". Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 59 (2): 114-20. PMID 1604222. 
5. ^ Burt, Jennifer. "Jeremy is a role model for children", Leicester (UK) Mercury, 1997-10-20.

2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD (or CE) era. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ...

External links

• Poland syndrome website