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Encyclopedia > Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PSLV-C8 (CA Variant) carrying the AGILE x-ray and γ-ray astronomical satellite of the ASI lifting off from Sriharikota
PSLV-C8 (CA Variant) carrying the AGILE x-ray and γ-ray astronomical satellite of the ASI lifting off from Sriharikota
Fact sheet
Function Expendable launch vehicle
Manufacturer ISRO
Country of origin Flag of India India
Size
Height 44 m
Diameter 2.8 m
Mass 294,000 kg
Stages 4
Capacity
Payload to LEO 3,250 kg
Launch History
Status Active
Launch sites Sriharikota
Total launches 13
Successes 11
Failures 1
Partial failures 1
Maiden flight 20 September 1993
Boosters (Stage 0)
No boosters 6
Engines 1 solid
Thrust 502.600 kN
Specific impulse 262 sec
Burn time 44 seconds
Fuel HTPB (solid)
First Stage
Engines 1 solid
Thrust 4,860 kN
Specific impulse 269sec
Burn time 105 seconds
Fuel HTPB (solid)
Second Stage
Engines 1 Vikas
Thrust 725 kN
Specific impulse 293 sec
Burn time 158 seconds
Fuel N2O4/UDMH
Third Stage
Engines 1 solid
Thrust 328 kN
Specific impulse 294 sec
Burn time 83 seconds
Fuel Solid
Fourth Stage
Engines 2 liquid
Thrust 14 kN
Specific impulse 308 sec
Burn time 425 seconds
Fuel MMH/UDMH

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (usually known by its abbreviation, PSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially viable only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). The Italian Space Agency (Italian: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; ASI) was founded in 1988 to promote, coordinate, and conduct space activities in Italy. ... The Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, in India, is the launch centre for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... A Saturn V launch vehicle sends Apollo 15 on its way to the moon. ... The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is Indias national space agency. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... Kg redirects here. ... In military aircraft or space exploration, the payload is the carrying capacity of an aircraft or space ship, including as cargo, munitions, scientific instruments or experiments, or external fuel, although internal fuel is usually not included. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... The Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, in India, is the launch centre for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... This article is about the SI unit of force. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), a butadiene, is a stable and easily stored synthetic rubber, often used in tire manufacturing. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... For other uses, see Newton (disambiguation). ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), a butadiene, is a stable and easily stored synthetic rubber, often used in tire manufacturing. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Nitrogen tetroxide (or Dinitrogen tetroxide) (N2O4) is a hypergolic propellant often used in combination with a hydrazine-based rocket fuel. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... The Space Shuttle is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A Solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... A liquid rocket engine has fuel and oxidizer in liquid form, as opposed to a solid rocket or hybrid rocket or gaseous propellant. ... Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. ... Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine with the chemical formula CH3N2H2. ... Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ... An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is Indias national space agency. ... By analogy with the geosynchronous orbit, a heliosynchronous orbit is a heliocentric orbit of radius 24. ... A geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit around the Earth between a low Earth orbit (LEO) and a geostationary orbit (GEO). ...

Contents

Layout

The PSLV has four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately. The first stage is one of the largest solid-fuel rocket boosters in the world and carries 138 metric tonnes of Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binded propellant with a diameter of 2.8 m. The motor case is made of maraging steel. The booster develops a maximum thrust of about 4,430 kN. Six strap-on motors, four of which are ignited on the ground, augment the first stage thrust. Each of these solid propellant strap-on motors carries nine metric tonne of HTPB propellant and produces 677 kN thrust. Pitch and yaw control of the PSLV during the thrust phase of the solid motor is achieved by injection of an aqueous solution of strontium perchlorate in the nozzle to constitute Secondary Injection Thrust Vector Control System (SITVC). The injection is stored in two cylindrical aluminum tanks strapped to the solid rocket motor and pressurized with nitrogen. SITVC in two strap-on motors is for roll control augmentation. The Space Shuttle Columbia is initially launched with the help of solid-fuel boosters A solid rocket or a solid fuel rocket is a rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ... Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is a polymer of butadiene terminated at each end with a hydroxyl functional group. ... Maraging steel is an iron-based steel alloy which is known for possessing superior strength without losing malleability. ... Flight dynamics is the study of orientation of air and space vehicles and how to control the critical flight parameters, typically named pitch, roll and yaw. ... Flight dynamics is the study of orientation of air and space vehicles and how to control the critical flight parameters, typically named pitch, roll and yaw. ... General Name, Symbol, Number strontium, Sr, 38 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 5, s Appearance silvery white metallic Standard atomic weight 87. ... Flight dynamics is the study of orientation of air and space vehicles and how to control the critical flight parameters, typically named pitch, roll and yaw. ...


The second stage employs the Vikas engine and carries 41.5 metric tonne (40 metric tonne till C-5 mission) of liquid propellant — Unsymmetrical Di-Methyl Hydrazine (UDMH) as fuel and Nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidizer. It generates a maximum thrust of 800 kN (724 till C-5 mission). Pitch & yaw control is obtained by hydraulically gimbaled engine (±4°) and two hot gas reaction control for roll.


The third stage uses 7 metric tonne of HTPB-based solid propellant and produces a maximum thrust of 324 kN. It has a Kevlar-polyamide fiber case and a submerged nozzle equipped with a flex-bearing-seal gimbaled nozzle (±2°) thrust-vector engine for pitch & yaw control. For roll control it uses the RCS (Reaction Control System) of fourth stage.


The fourth and the terminal stage of PSLV has a twin engine configuration using liquid propellant. With a propellant loading of 2 metric tonne (Mono-Methyl Hydrazine as fuel + Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen as oxidiser), each of these engines generates a maximum thrust of 7.4 kN. Engine is gimbaled (±3°) for pitch, yaw & roll control and for control during the coast phase uses on-off RCS. PSLV-C4 used a new lightweight carbon composite payload adapter to enable a greater GTO payload capability.


Variants

Operational

PSLV

The standard version of the PSLV has four stages using solid and liquid propulsion systems alternately and six strap-on boosters.It currently has capability to launch 1,600 kg to 622 km SSO. By analogy with the geosynchronous orbit, a heliosynchronous orbit is a heliocentric orbit of radius 24. ...

PSLV-CA

The PSLV-CA, with CA meaning "Core Alone", uses the core stages without any strap-on boosters. It currently has capability to launch 1,100 kg to 622 km SSO.[1]


Under development / Proposed

PSLV-XL

On 29 December 2005, ISRO successfully tested an improved version of the strap-on booster for the PSLV. It will be used for future PSLV flights, including the launches of Chandrayaan-1 and the RISAT Radar Imaging Satellite.[2]. The payload capability for this variant will be 1800 kg compared to 1600 kg for the current one [3]. is the 363rd day of the year (364th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chandrayan I (Chandra=Moon, yan=Ship) is the name for a mission of the Indian space agencies to send an unmanned spacecraft to the Moon which will then take a polar orbit around. ...

PSLV-HP

As reported on the website of The New Indian Express newspaper (April 26, 2007), PSLV project director N Narayanamoorthy spoke of another version being planned called the PSLV-HP, standing for ‘high performance.’ It will have strap-ons motors, but the payload capability will be raised to 2000 kg. The HP version will be used to launch a constellation of seven navigation satellites between 2010 and 2012. Among other things, the efficiency of the stage 4 engine will be improved in this version [3]. The New Indian Express is a newspaper based in Chennai, India. ...

Three-stage PSLV

ISRO is also considering the development of a three-stage version of the rocket (with the second stage of the four-stage version removed) which will be capable of placing 500 kg to LEO. [3][4][5] A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ...


Launches

PSLV on the launchpad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
PSLV on the launchpad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

After some delays, the PSLV had its first launch on 20 September 1993. Although all main engines performed as expected, an altitude control problem was reported in the second and third stages. After this initial setback, ISRO met complete success with the third developmental launch in 1996. Further successful launches followed in 1997, 1999, and 2001. The Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, in India, is the launch centre for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ...


In September 2002, the 1060 kg KALPANA-1 was launched by PSLV-C4 into GTO. On 17 October 2003, the 1360 kg Earth observing ResourceSat1 was launched by PSLV-C5. is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth from orbit, similar to reconnaissance satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. ...


On May 5, 2005, PSLV-C6 launched two satellites into orbit; CARTOSAT-I a stereoscopic Earth observation satellite with cartographic applications, weighing 1560 kg, and HAMSAT providing satellite based radio service for amateur radio operators, weighing 42.5 kg into a high polar orbit (632 x 621 km). is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... CARTOSAT I is a stereoscopic Earth observation satellite built, launched and maintained by the Indian Space agency ISRO. Weighing around 1560 kgs at launch, Its applications will mainly be towards cartography in India. ... Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth from orbit, similar to reconnaissance satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. ... Cartography or mapmaking (in Greek chartis = map and graphein = write) is the study and practice of making maps or globes. ... HAMSAT is a micro-satellite weighing 42. ... Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a hobby and a service that uses various types of radio communications equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for public service, recreation and self-training. ... A polar orbit is an orbit in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the planet orbiting on each revolution. ...


PSLV will continue be the work horse of the ISRO for its launches, especially for LEO satellites and the Chandrayaan Projects. It has undergone several improvements with each subsequent version, especially those involving thrust, efficiency and weight. A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... Chandrayaan I (Sanskrit चंद्रयान-1), which literally means Moon Craft, is an unmanned lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization. ...


On January 10, 2007, the PSLV-C7 carried four satellites - the 680 kg Indian remote sensing satellite CARTOSAT-2, the 550 kg Space Capsule Recovery Equipment (SRE-1), Indonesia's LAPAN-TUBSAT (60kg) and Argentina's 6kg nanosatellite called NANO PEHUENSAT-1 into orbit.[6] is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) is an Indian experimental spacecraft which was launched at 03:53 GMT on January 10, 2007 from Sriharikota by the Indian Space Research Organization. ...


On April 23, 2007, the PSLV-C8 carried its first commercial satellite, the Agile for the Italian Space Agency as main payload with the Advanced Avionics Module as its secondary payload Successfully[7]. This was ISRO's first purely commercial launch. All launches of foreign satellites before this had been of micro-satellites or light weight satellites piggybacked on the PSLV, with an Indian satellite being the primary payload. The PSLV-C8 was also launched without its regular 6 strap-on boosters. Another first for ISRO was the inclination of 2.5o (equatorial orbit)[8][9], which made launch comparatively riskier than usual. is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...


On 21 January 2008, PSLV-C10 launched the Israeli TecSAR satellite. Launch is reported to have been successful.[10] is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...


On 28 April 2008, PSLV-C9 launched ten satellites, the most number ISRO has deployed in one launch. PSLV-C9 placed on orbit an imaging satellite CartoSat2A India, technology demonstrator IMS-1/TWSAT, and a cluster of eight nanosatellites from different countries. The launch is reported a success.[11] This is a World Record, previous record being eight satellites launched by Russia.[citation needed] is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...


Launch log

Vehicle Variant Date of Launch Launch Location Payload Mass Mission Status
D1 PSLV 20 September 1993 Sriharikota Flag of India IRS 1E Failure; Software error causes vehicle crash in to the Bay of Bengal (700 seconds after take off), Developmental Flight
D2 PSLV 15 October 1994 Sriharikota Flag of India IRS P2 Success
D3 PSLV 21 March 1996 Sriharikota Flag of India IRS P3 Success
C1 PSLV 29 September 1997 Sriharikota Flag of India IRS 1D Partial Failure; Suboptimal injection of Satellite.
C2 PSLV 26 May 1999 Sriharikota Flag of India OceanSat 1
Flag of Germany DLR-Tubsat
Flag of South Korea KitSat 3		 Success
C3 PSLV 22 October 2001 Sriharikota Flag of India TES
Flag of Belgium Proba
Flag of Germany BIRD		 Success
C4 PSLV 12 September 2002 Sriharikota Flag of India METSAT 1 (Kalpana 1) 1,060 kg Success.
C5 PSLV 17 October 2003 Sriharikota Flag of India ResourceSat 1 1,360 kg Success
C6 PSLV 5 May 2005 Sriharikota* Flag of India CartoSat 1
Flag of India HAMSAT		 1,560 kg Success
C7 PSLV 10 January 2007 Sriharikota Flag of India CartoSat 2
Flag of India SRE
Flag of Indonesia LAPAN-TUBSAT
Flag of Argentina PEHUENSAT-1		 1,210 kg Success.

Used a device called Dual Launch Adapter for the first time to launch four satellites. [12] is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation of India as part of the Indian space program. ... Look up Bay of Bengal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation of India as part of the Indian space program. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation of India as part of the Indian space program. ... is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation of India as part of the Indian space program. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth Observation satellites, mostly built, launched and maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation of India as part of the Indian space program. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... As the name suggests, Technology Experiment Satellite is an expermental satellite aimed primarily to fulfill the role of spy satellite launched by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) - Indias national space agency. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ... is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image taken by INSAT 2-E Shown here is a GSLV launch vehicle, one of the main launch vehicles for INSAT satellites. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... RESOURCESAT-1 (also known as IRS-P6) is an advanced remote sensing satellite built by Indian Space Research Organization. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... CARTOSAT I is a stereoscopic Earth observation satellite built, launched and maintained by the Indian Space agency ISRO. Weighing around 1560 kgs at launch, Its applications will mainly be towards cartography in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... HAMSAT is a micro-satellite weighing 42. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... CARTOSAT 2 is an Earth observation satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) is an Indian experimental spacecraft which was launched at 03:53 GMT on January 10, 2007 from Sriharikota by the Indian Space Research Organization. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ...


Used for the first time a video imaging system on board to take pictures of the separation of the first three satellites from the fourth stage of rocket. [13]
C8 PSLV-CA 23 April 2007 Sriharikota* Flag of Italy AGILE
Flag of India AAM		 Success
C10 PSLV-CA 21 January 2008 Sriharikota Flag of Israel TECSAR 260 kg Success
C9 PSLV-CA 28 April 2008[14] Sriharikota* Flag of India Cartosat-2A
Flag of India IMS-1/TWSAT
Flag of Japan Cute 1.7+APD-2
Flag of Japan Seeds-2
Flag of Canada CanX-2
Flag of Canada CanX-6/NTS
Flag of the Netherlands Delfi-C3
Flag of Denmark AAUSAT-II
Flag of Germany Compass 1
Flag of Germany RUBIN		 800 kg Success
Planned launches
C11 PSLV-XL July 2008 Sriharikota Flag of India Chandrayaan I Planned
C?? PSLV 2008 Sriharikota Flag of India OceanSat-2 Planned

is the 113th day of the year (114th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... AGILE is an X-ray and Gamma ray astronomical satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Advanced Avionics Module or AAM was a module launched onboard PSLV-C8 along with italian satellite AGILE. It was designed by ISRO to test advanced launch vehicle avionics systems like mission computers, navigation and telemetry systems. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... CUTE-1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX) program is only Canadian picosatellite program at present. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... July is the seventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Chandrayaan I (Sanskrit चंद्रयान-1), which literally means Moon Craft, is an unmanned lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... Sriharikota (also Sriharikote) is a barrier island off the coast of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ...

References

  • * means Second Launch Pad.

Notes

  1. ^ ISRO Annual Report 2006 - Space Transportation. ISRO.
  2. ^ New Solid Propellant Motor to Increase PSLV Capability. ISRO.
  3. ^ a b c PSLV to get new versions. The New Indian Express daily.
  4. ^ ISRO Annual Report 2007 - Space Transportation. ISRO.
  5. ^ ISRO Annual Report 2006 - Space Transportation. ISRO.
  6. ^ PSLV-C7 successfully lifts off
  7. ^ First commercial launch of PSLV-C8 successful-India-The Times of India
  8. ^ :: Bharat-Rakshak.com - Indian Military News Headlines ::
  9. ^ outlookindia.com | wired
  10. ^ NDTV - ISRO Launches Israeli Satellite
  11. ^ ZeeNews -- India creates space history, places ten satellites in one go
  12. ^ PSLV-C7 using DLA
  13. ^ PSLV-C7 using Video Imaging System
  14. ^ Delfi-C3 Mission status page

External links

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Spaceflight Portal

Ariane 5 · Atlas V · Cosmos-3M · Delta II · Delta IV · Dnepr · GSLV · H-IIA · Long March (1D, 2C, 2D, 2F, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4B, 4C) · Minotaur · Pegasus · Proton · PSLV · Rockot · Shavit · Shtil' · Start-1 · Strela · Soyuz (U, FG, 2) · Taurus · Tsyklon-3 · Volna · Zenit An expendable launch system or expendable launch vehicle, ELV, is a single-use launch vehicle usually used to launch a payload into space. ... Ariane 5 is a European expendable launch system designed to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit or low Earth orbit. ... Atlas V is a launch vehicle formerly built by Lockheed Martin and now built by the Lockheed Martin-Boeing joint venture United Launch Alliance in Decatur, Alabama. ... The Cosmos-3M (11K65M) (Russian: Космос-3Ðœ) is a Russian space launch vehicle. ... The Delta II family of launch vehicles was designed and built by Boeings Integrated Defense Systems division and has been in service since 1989. ... It has been suggested that some sections of this article be split into a new article entitled Delta IV launches. ... The Dnepr rocket (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is a space launch vehicle named after the Dnieper River. ... The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (usually known by its acronym, GSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ... The H-IIA is a family of liquid-fuelled rockets providing an expendable launch system for the purpose of launching satellites into geostationary orbit. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Long March 1D is the improved version of Long March 1, mainly for the thrustor of stage 1, from 1020 kilo newton to 1101. ... Long March 2C (CZ-2C) was a derivative of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system designed and operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system designed and operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... CZ-2F rocket The Long March family of rockets (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Minotaur I Rocket is an American solid fuel rocket designed to launch small satellites. ... Pegasus rocket on the ground Pegasus rocket attached to bottom of carrier aircraft The Pegasus rocket is a winged space booster developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation (Orbital). ... The Proton rocket (Прото́н) (formal designation: UR-500) is a rocket used in an expendable launch system for both commercial and Russian government launches. ... Rockot The Rockot is a Russian space launch vehicle. ... Shavit (Hebrew: comet) is a launch vehicle produced by Israel. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Volna. ... START-1 is a Russian orbital (or satellite) launch vehicle based on RT-2PM Topol, a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile developed by Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology. ... Soyuz rocket on launch pad. ... The Soyuz-U or 11A511U rocket in the Soviet rocket designation series was a version of the Soyuz launch vehicle first introduced in 1973. ... The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle is an improved version of Soyuz-U LV in R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by TsSKB-Progress in Samara. ... This article is about the carrier rocket. ... Taurus is an German/Swedish air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by EADS, Saab Bofors Dynamics and used by Germany and Sweden. ... Space launch vehicle Volna (wave in Russian), is a converted SLBM used for launching artificial satellites into Orbit. ... The Zenit rocket (Ukrainian: Зеніт, Russian: Зени́т; meaning Zenith) is a space launch vehicle manufactured by the Yuzhnoe Design Bureau of Ukraine. ...

Planned:

Angara · GSLV III · GX · H-IIB · KSLV · Long March 5 · Taurus II · Vega The Angara rocket is a planned space-launch vehicle, designed to place heavy payloads into orbit. ... The GSLV-III or Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III is a launch vehicle currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organization to launch heavy satellites into geostationary orbit, and will allow India to be less dependent on foreign rockets for heavy lifting. ... The GX launch vehicle is a rocket currently under development by the Galaxy Express Corporation, a joint-venture between Lockheed Martin (LM), Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI), the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and several other Japanese companies. ... H-IIB CG The H-IIB is a family of liquid-fuelled rockets providing an expendable launch system for the main purpose of launching the H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) towards the International Space Station. ... The Korea Space Launch Vehicle (KSLV) will be the first space launcher of South Korea. ... Designed and developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT), Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is Chinas next generation space launch vehicle family, which would include a range of classes of launch vehicles for different missions. ... Vega (ESA) Vega is a planned expendable launch system developed jointly by the Italian Space Agency and the European Space Agency since 1998, with the first launch planned for 2006. ...

Historical:

Ariane (1, 2, 3, 4) · Athena · Atlas (ICBM derived, I, II, III) · Black Arrow · Delta III · Diamant · Energia · Europa · H-II · J-I · Juno I · Juno II · Lambda · Long March (1, 2A, 2E, 3, 4A) · Mu (V) · N1 · R-7 (Molniya (M), Polyot, Sputnik, Voskhod, Vostok) · Saturn (I, IB ,V, INT-21) · Scout · Sparta · Thor · Thor-Agena · Thor-Burner · Thorad-Agena · Titan (I, II, III, IIIB, IV) · Tsyklon (2) · Vanguard The Ariane 4 Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. ... Ariane I is the first version of the Ariane launcher family. ... Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 were expendable launch systems in the Ariane family designed by the European Space Agency. ... Ariane 42P rocket with the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite (Kourou, August 10, 1992) (NASA) Ariane 4 was an expendable launch system, designed by the European Space Agency and manufactured and marketed by its subsidiary Arianespace. ... The Athena rocket is a Lockheed Martin launch vehicle. ... The Mercury spacecraft Friendship 7, carrying astronaut John Glenn, was launched on an Atlas rocket. ... Atlas missile launch from Cape Canaveral in 1957 Atlas was a missile built by the Convair Division of General Dynamics. ... The Atlas I was an American expendable launch system, used in the 1990s to launch a variety of different satellites. ... Mission Atlas II is a member of the Atlas family of launch vehicles, which evolved from the successful Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) program. ... The maiden flight of the Atlas III The Lockheed Martin Atlas III was an American orbital launch vehicle, used between 2000 and 2005. ... Black Arrows engine This article is about the rocket, for the novel, see The Black Arrow Black Arrow was a British satellite carrier rocket, based on the Black Knight and Blue Streak rockets. ... Through the 90s, satellite masses were growing steadily. ... The Diamant rocket (diamant is French for diamond) was the first exclusively French expendable launch system. ... An artists conception of a Soviet Buran space shuttle lifting off atop the Energia booster. ... The Europa rocket was an early expendable launch system of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO), which was the precursor to the European Space Agency and its Ariane family of launchers. ... The H-II (H2) rocket was a Japanese satellite launch system, which flew seven times between 1994 and 1999, with five successes. ... The J-I was a solid rocket expendable launch vehicle from Japan. ... The Jupiter-C Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM) was designed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) The vehicle consists of a modified Redstone ballistic missile with three solid-propellant upper stages. ... Lambda is the name of a series of Japanese rockets. ... CZ-2F rocket A Long March rocket (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Long March 1 family (长征一号系列) of rocket is an expendable launch system operated by Peoples Republic of China. ... The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system operated by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Mu and/or M designates a series of Japanese booster rockets. ... M-V rocket with the ASTRO-E satellite (Febr. ... Two N1 Moon rockets appear on the pads at Baikonur Cosmodrome in early July 1969. ... Molniya 8K78 is a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and has four stages. ... The Molniya-M (8K78M) is a Russian (previously Soviet) carrier rocket, derived from the R-7 Semyorka. ... The Polyot was an interim orbital carrier rocket, built to test ASAT spacecraft. ... The Voskhod rocket (Russian: Восход, translated as Sunrise) was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites. ... The Vostok rocket (Russian Восток, translated as East) was a derivative of the Soviet R-7 ICBM designed for the human spaceflight programme but later used for other satellite launches. ... The SA-9 (Saturn I Block II), the eighth Saturn I flight, lifted off on February 16, 1965. ... The Saturn I was Americas first large clustered rocket. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which featured a much more powerful second stage, the S-IVB. Unlike the earlier Saturn I, the IB had enough throw weight to launch the Apollo Command/Service Module or Lunar Module into Earth orbit, which made it invaluable... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ... This article is about the rocket. ... Scout launch (NASA) The Scout-rocket was an American rocket for launching small satellites. ... Sparta was the name of a rocket, consisting off a Redstone-rocket as first stage, an Antares as second and a BE-3 as third stage. ... Thor Able with Pioneer I at Cape Canaveral in Florida Thor was a space launch vehicle derived from the PGM-17 Thor Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile. ... A Thor Agena, ready to launch the SERT-2 (Space Electric Rocket Test-2) spacecraft, February 4, 1970 Thor-Agena was a series of orbital launch vehicles. ... The Thor-Burner was an American expendable launch system, a member of the Thor family. ... The Thorad-Agena was an American expendable launch system, derived from the Thor and Delta rockets. ... Titan was a family of U.S. expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005. ... The Titan I was the United States first true multistage ICBM. It was the first in a series of Titan rockets, but was unique among them in that it used LO