The polar vortex is a persistent, large-scale cyclone located near the Earth's poles, in the middle and upper troposphere and the stratosphere. The vortex is most powerful in the hemisphere's winter, when the temperature gradient is steepest, and diminishes or can disappear in the summer. The Antarctic polar vortex is more pronounced and persistent than the Arctic one; this is because the distribution of land masses at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere gives rise to Rossby waves which contribute to the breakdown of the vortex, whereas in the southern hemisphere the vortex remains more undisturbed. The Arctic vortex is elongated in shape, with two centres, one roughly over Baffin Island in Canada and the other over northeast Siberia. The CYCLONE, an early computer built in 1959 by Iowa State University, was based on the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) architecture developed by John von Neumann. ... Earth (IPA: , often referred to as the Earth, Terra, or Planet Earth) is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest. ... The Troposphere is the lowermost portion of Earths atmosphere. ... Atmosphere diagram showing stratosphere The stratosphere is a layer of Earths atmosphere that is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down. ... Vortex created by the passage of an aircraft wing, revealed by coloured smoke A vortex (pl. ... A sphere (< Greek σφαίρα) is a perfectly symmetrical geometrical object. ... For other senses of this word, see winter (disambiguation). ... The temperature gradient in a given direction from a given spatial starting point is the rate at which temperature changes relative to distance in that direction from that point. ... For other senses of this word, see Summer (disambiguation). ... Greek &#7936;&#957;&#964;&#945;&#961;&#954;&#964;&#953;&#954;&#8057;&#962;, opposite the arctic) is a continent surrounding the Earths South Pole. ... The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border Satellite image of the Arctic surface The Arctic is the area around the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctican area around the South Pole. ... Rossby (or planetary) waves are large-scale motions in the ocean or atmosphere whose restoring force is the variation in Coriolis effect with latitude. ... Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada. ... Siberian Federal District (dark red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) Siberia (Russian: , Sibir’; Tatar: Seber) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of Northern Asia. ...

The chemistry of the Antarctic polar vortex has created severe ozone depletion. The nitric acid in polar stratospheric clouds reacts with CFCs to form chlorine, which catalyzes the photochemical destruction of ozone. Chlorine concentrations build up during the winter polar night, and the consequent ozone destruction is greatest when the sunlight returns in spring (September/October). These clouds can only form at temperatures below about -80°C, so the warmer Arctic region does not have an ozone hole. Global monthly average total ozone amount The term ozone depletion is used to describe two distinct but related observations: a slow, steady decline, of about 3% per decade, in the total amount of ozone in the earths stratosphere during the past twenty years and a much larger, but seasonal... Categories: Stub | Clouds ... Possible meanings: Certified Financial Consultant Chelsea Football Club Child and Family Canada Chlorofluorocarbon Combined Federal Campaign haloalkane This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... Generic graph showing the effect of a catalyst in an hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction. ... For other uses, see Ozone (disambiguation). ... The Celsius scale is a temperature scale named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701 â€“ 1744), who first proposed a similar system two years before his death. ...

The Polar Vortex lasts from August to November August is the eighth month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... Look up November in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Other astronomical bodies are also known to have polar vortices, including Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn's moon Titan. (*min temperature refers to cloud tops only) Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 9. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa Hydrogen ~86% Helium ~14% Methane 0. ... Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 140 kPa Hydrogen >93% Helium >5% Methane 0. ... Atmospheric characteristics Pressure 146. ...

Sources

Polar vortex. European Environment Agency multilingual environmental glossary. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Polar vortex. Glossary of Meteorology. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

World temperature gradient. Integrated Publishing: Aerographer/Meteorology. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

What is the polar vortex?. The Weather Prediction.com. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Antarctic Polar Vortex. Dynamics in the Ocean and Atmosphere. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Polar Vortex and Arctic Weather Patterns. Arctic Climatology and Meteorology. Retrieved on January 29, 2005. January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...