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Encyclopedia > Poles

For the object, see Pole.
Poles


Skłodowska-Curie • Pope John Paul II • Chopin • Copernicus
Wałęsa • Kościuszko • Wajda • Piłsudski
Total population

50 million (est.)[1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Image File history File links JohannesPaulII.jpg Description: en: Pope John Paul II on 12 August 1993 in Denver (Colorado), shortcut of Image:Johannes Paul II - Bill Clinton. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2536x3391, 757 KB) Description: Title: de: Porträt des Frédéric Chopin Technique: de: Leinwand Dimensions: de: 46 × 38 cm Country of origin: de: Frankreich Current location (city): de: Paris Current location (gallery): de: Musée du Louvre Other notes... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (556x648, 99 KB) de: Nikolaus Kopernikus (Portrait aus Thorn - Beginn des 16. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Thaddeus_Kosciuszko. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Andrzej_Wajda_by_Kubik. ... Jozef Pilsduski This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This article is about the chemist and physicist. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of... Frédéric-François Chopin as portrayed by Eugène Delacroix in 1838. ... Copernicus redirects here. ... WaÅ‚Ä™sa redirects here. ... KoÅ›ciuszko redirects here. ... Andrzej Wajda (born March 6, 1926 in SuwaÅ‚ki) is a Polish film director. ... Pilsudski redirects here. ...

Regions with significant populations
Flag of Poland Poland 38,860,000
 [2]
Flag of the United States United States 10,000,000 [3]
Flag of Brazil Brazil 1,500,000 [4]
Flag of Germany Germany 1,055,700 [5]
Flag of Canada Canada 820,000 [6]
Flag of Belarus Belarus 400,000 [7]
Flag of Argentina Argentina 500,000 [8]
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom 250,000 (est.) [9]
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania 250,000 [10]
Flag of Russia Russia 173,000 [11]
Flag of Australia Australia 150,900
Flag of Ukraine Ukraine 144,130 [12]
Flag of Norway Norway 120,000 [13]
Flag of Ireland Ireland 100,000 (est.) [14]
Flag of Latvia Latvia 57,000 [15]
Flag of the Czech Republic Czech Republic 52,000 [16]
Flag of Italy Italy 50,790 [17]
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan 47,293 [18]
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands 39,500 [19]
Flag of Austria Austria 21,000 [20]
Flag of Iceland Iceland 7,000 [21]
Flag of Turkey Turkey 5,000 [22]
Flag of World Rest of World 1,145,000 (est.)
 [23]
Language(s)
Polish
Religion(s)
Predominantly Roman Catholic, with Eastern Orthodox, Muslim and Protestant minorities

Polish people, or Poles, (Polish: Polacy) are a Western Slavic ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Poles are sometimes defined as people who share a common Polish culture and are of Polish descent. Their religion is predominantly Roman Catholic. The Poles can also be referred to as the inhabitants of the Republic of Poland and Polish emigrants irrespective of their ethnicity. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Western and Eastern Europe, the Americas and Australia. Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belarus. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lithuania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ireland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Latvia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iceland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Newworldmap. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... The GdaÅ„sk masjid The first noticeable presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Countries inhabited by West Slavs (in light green) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language Map showing an approximation location of Polish tribes West Slavs in 9th/10th century The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. ... Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Republic of Poland, a democratic country with a population of 38,626,349 and area of 312,685 km², is located in Central Europe, between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and... For other uses, see Polonia (disambiguation). ...


There is no commonly accepted definition of the Poles. According to the preamble of the Constitution of Poland, the Polish Nation consists of all citizens of Poland. However, like in most European countries, many people limit the group to native speakers of the Polish language, people that share certain views or traditions, or people who share a common ethnic background originating from Poland. As to its origins, the name of the nation comes from a western Slavic ethnic group of Polans primarily associated with Poland and the Polish language. Poles belong to the Lechitic subgroup of these ethnic people. The Polans of Giecz, Gniezno, and Poznań were one of the most influential tribes of Greater Poland and managed to unite many other West Slavic tribes in the area under the rule of what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving birth to a new state. The Polish word for a Polish person is Polak (male) and Polka (female), however, when this common noun is used verbatim (usually spelled as Polack) it is always offensive. Look up Preamble in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 was Polands first post-communist constitution. ... Citizen redirects here. ... Polish (jÄ™zyk polski, polszczyzna) is the official language of Poland. ... Countries inhabited by West Slavs (in light green) Distribution of Slavic peoples by language Map showing an approximation location of Polish tribes West Slavs in 9th/10th century The West Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking West Slavic languages. ... Poland 960-992 Polans (also Polanes, Polanians, or Polians; Polish: Polanie) were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin in the 8th century. ... The Lechitic languages include three languages spoken in Central Europe, principally in Poland, and historically also in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, and Hither Pomerania, in the north-eastern region of modern Germany. ... Poland 960-992 Polans (also Polanes, Polanians, or Polians; Polish: Polanie) were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin in the 8th century. ... Giecz is a small village in Poland, in the Greater Polish Voivodship, near Dominowo and Åšroda. ... Gniezno (pronounced: [gɲȋεznÉ”]) is a town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of PoznaÅ„, inhabited by about 73,000 people. ... Coordinates: , Country Voivodeship Powiat city county Gmina PoznaÅ„ Established 8th century City Rights 1253 Government  - Mayor Ryszard Grobelny Area  - City 261. ... Voivodship wielkopolskie since 1999 Coat of Arms for voivodship wielkopolskie Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: , German: Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. ... Piast the Wheelwright Piast seal Piast coat of arms This article is about a Polish dynasty. ... As a linguistic term, verbatim means an exact reproduction of a sentence, phrase, quote or other sequence of text from one source into another. ... The following is a list of ethnic slurs, also known as ethnophaulisms, that are, or have been, used to refer to members of a given ethnicity (or, in some cases, nationality, region, or religion) in a derogatory or pejorative manner. ...

Contents

Statistics

Poles are the sixth largest national group in Europe.[24] Estimates vary, though most data suggests a total number around 50 million people. Other estimates put that number at around 60 million worldwide. There are 38 million Poles in Poland alone as well as autochthonous Polish minorities in the surrounding countries such as Germany, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Ukraine, and Belarus. There are also some smaller minorities in nearby countries such as Moldova and Latvia. Note that there is also a Polish minority in Russia which included autochthonous Poles as well as some forcibly deported Poles. The total number of Poles in what was the former Soviet Union is estimated at up to 3 million.[25]


The term "Polonia" is usually used in Poland to refer to people of Polish origin who live outside Polish borders, officially estimated at around 10-12 to 20 million. There is a notable Polish diaspora in the United States (Polish-American), Canada, (Polish Canadians) and Brazil (see Polish Brazilian). In the United States a significant number of Polish immigrants settled in Chicago, Detroit, New York City, Orlando, and Buffalo. In recent years, since joining the European Union, many Polish people have emigrated to countries such as Ireland; where an estimated 200,000 Polish people have entered the labor market. It is estimated that three quarters of a million Polish people have immigrated to the United Kingdom. For other uses, see Polonia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ... A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent. ... Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry. ... A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Polish descent, or a Polish-born person with Brazilian citizenship. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... Detroit redirects here. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Nickname: Location in Orange County and the state of Florida Coordinates: , Country State County Government  - Mayor Buddy Dyer (D) Area  - City 261. ... Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State Coordinates: , Country State County Erie Government  - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area  - City 52. ...


Polish tribes

The following is the list of Polish tribes - tribes which constituted the lands of Poland in the early Middle Ages, at the beginning of the Polish state. Some of them have remained a separate ethnicity while others have been assimilated into the culture of Poland. ... This article is on the social structure. ... Justinians wife Theodora and her retinue, in a 6th century mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. ...

The Mazurs (Polish: ) are a sub-ethnic group in the Masovian and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships in Poland. ... Poland 960-992 Polans (also Polanes, Polanians, or Polians; Polish: Polanie) were a West Slavic tribe inhabiting the Warta river basin in the 8th century. ... Girl in Upper Silesian dress from Mysłowice, 2006 Woman in Silesian dress from Teschen, 1914 Silesians (Silesian: Ślônzoki; Polish: ; Czech: ; German: ) are the West Slavic inhabitants of Silesia (Czech: ) , Poland and Czech Republic. ... The Warmiak are a Polish ethnic group from Warmia, mostly Roman Catholics. ... Pomeranians (Pomorzanie) are a group of Slavic tribes living in historical region of Pomerania along the shore of Baltic Sea between Oder and Vistula rivers. ... Kashubians (Kashubian: ; Polish: ), also called Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic ethnic group of north-central Poland. ... Slovincian is an extinct dialect of the Pomeranian language, spoken between the lakes Gardno and Łebsko in Pomerania. ... The Kociewiacy are a Polish ethnic group. ... The Borowiacy are a Polish ethnic group who traditionally inhabit the area of the Tuchola forests near Tuchola in eastern Pomerania. ... Goplans or Goplanie was a hypotetic pre-polish tribe that is said to have lived around Lake Gopło with its capital in Kruszwica, between 7th and 9th century. ... West Slavic tribes from Bavarian Geographer, 845, Lendizi nr 33 The Lendians, (Polish: Lędzianie) were a Lechitic tribe inhabiting, since at least the 7th century, lands known today as East Lesser Poland and Galicia in Ukraine. ... Ślężanie was a tribe of West Slavs, specifically of the Lechitic/Polish tribes/Silesian tribes groups, inhabiting territories of Lower Silesia, near Mount Ślęża mountain and Ślęza river up to the area of modern city of Wrocław. ... Vistulans (Polish: Wiślanie) were a Lechitic tribe inhabiting, since at least 7th century, lands known today as Lesser Poland. ...

European Union

(for ethnic Poles living abroad see Polonia, for those living and working in the United Kingdom see Polish British)

A survey carried out by the CBOS public opinion institute, between March 30 and April 2, 2007, found that 86% of Poles felt that EU membership had had a positive effect, with only 5% of the respondents speaking against it, down from 22 percent in 2004. The institute also found that 55% of those surveyed prefer the EU to remain a union of sovereign states, while 22% supported the idea of a "United States of Europe".[26] Principal areas of Polish life that have been improved by EU membership, are agriculture (according to 75% of those surveyed), the environment (61%), productivity (57%) and unemployment (56%).[27] For other uses, see Polonia (disambiguation). ... British Poles or Polish Britons are people of Polish origin who were born in or emigrated to the United Kingdom. ... Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej (CBOS) (Centre for Public Opinion Research) is the oldest and best known opinion polling institue in Poland, based in Warsaw. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations by or about: European Union The European Union On-Line Official EU website, europa. ... The United States of Europe (sometimes abbreviated U.S.E. or USE) is a name given to several similar speculative scenarios of the unification of Europe, as a single nation and a single federation of states, similar to the United States of America, both as projected by writers of speculative...


Among the ten new EU members, of which eight are Central or Eastern European, Poles are the most mobile, with considerable numbers of Polish migrants found in almost all ‘old’ EU countries, filling numerous vacancies on the European labour market, especially in areas where indigenous workforce is insufficient. According to Franck Duvell of Oxford, some countries, like Germany and Austria, missed on that opportunity by discriminating against mobile Europeans, granting them freedom of movement without freedom of employment, which resulted in the increase of numbers of illegal migrant workers there. “In fact, the EU accession process, and namely the Polish experience could possibly serve as a paradigm for easing some of Europe’s migration dilemma,” Duvell suggested.[28] This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ...


Notes

  1. ^ This estimate includes people of non-primary ethnic origin. Source to be provided.
  2. ^ Excel spreadsheet from Polish Central Statistical Office
  3. ^ Poles in US The American Community Survey 2004PDF (468 KiB) by the US Census Bureau estimates 9,385,233 people claiming Polish ancestry.
  4. ^ O número de integrantes das principais comunidades no Brasil que têm origem em países candidatos à União Européia
  5. ^ (German) Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund - Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus 2005 Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland (German text about migrants in Germany) 886 KiBPDF.
  6. ^ List of Canadians by ethnicity
  7. ^ Poles in Belarus
  8. ^ Poles in Argentina
  9. ^ (English) Poles in the UK, Polish Express, source: government statistics.
    ^ (Polish) According to Tomasz Ziemba from Polish Express online 1,020,000 Polish visitors in the UK logged into Polish chatroom Gadu–Gadu in January: Policzyło nas Gadu–Gadu
    ^ (Polish) Tomasz Wybranowski, Korespondencja, Tygodnik Przegląd, 22.08.2007, onet.pl
    ^ (English) Steve Doughty, Daily Mail, Office for National Statistics recorded the number of Poles who have travelled to the UK in 2006 at over 2,000,000. The number of those who stay exceeds 250,000.
  10. ^ Poles in Lithuania
  11. ^ Poles in AustraliaPDF (56.3 KiB)
  12. ^ Poles in Ukraine
  13. ^ Aftenposten.no: - 120.000 polakker i Norge (Innenriks)
  14. ^ Poles in Ireland
  15. ^ CIA World Factbook
  16. ^ http://wtd.vlada.cz/files/rvk/rnm/zprava_mensiny_2001_en.pdfPDF (1.41 MiB)
  17. ^ Poles in Italy
  18. ^ [1]PDF (87.2 KiB)
  19. ^ Poles in NetherlandsPDF (162 KiB)
  20. ^ Poles in AustriaPDF
  21. ^ www.hagstofa.is
  22. ^ www.polonezkoy.com
  23. ^ Poles around the World (>polonia > statystyka)
  24. ^ NationMaster.com 2003-2008. People Statistics: Population (most recent) by country Accessed 2008-01-25
  25. ^ Gil Loescher, Beyond Charity: International Cooperation and the Global Refugee Crisis, published by Oxford University Press US, 1993, 1996. ISBN 0195102940. Accessed 12-12-2007.
  26. ^ EU Business, 21 June 2007, Poles more pro-EU than ever: survey Accessed 12-06-2007.
  27. ^ EU Business, 02 May 2007, Three years after entering the EU, 86% of Poles are satisfied
  28. ^ Franck Duvell, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, Oxford, Poles in Europe - From Illegal Immigrants to Members of the European UnionPDF (22.3 KiB), accessed 12-06-2007.

“PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... “PDF” redirects here. ... Map of the dominant self-identified ethnic origins of ancestors per census division. ... “PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... “PDF” redirects here. ... MiB redirects here. ... “PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... “PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to... “PDF” redirects here. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... “PDF” redirects here. ... A kibibyte (a contraction of kilo binary byte) is a unit of information or computer storage, commonly abbreviated KiB (never kiB). 1 kibibyte = 210 bytes = 1,024 bytes The kibibyte is closely related to the kilobyte, which can be used either as a synonym for kibibyte or to refer to...

See also

Note: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal. ... For other uses, see Polonia (disambiguation). ... Polish, Hungarian, two good friends is the short form of the popular bilingual proverbial rhyme about the historical friendship of the Polish and the Hungarian people. ... Note: Names that cannot be confirmed in Wikipedia database nor through given sources are subject to removal. ... Polish-American refers to American citizens of Polish descent. ... British Poles or Polish Britons are people of Polish origin who were born in or emigrated to the United Kingdom. ... Polish Australian is the twelfth largest ethnic group in Australia, numbering 150,901 or 0. ... Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry. ... A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Polish descent, or a Polish-born person with Brazilian citizenship. ... Polish-Germans refers to connections between German and Polish descent. ... Polish minority in the Czech Republic (Polish: , Czech: ) is a Polish national minority living mainly in Zaolzie territory. ... Poles constitute 31,223 or about ~80% of the population in Šalčininkai district municipality. ... There are over ten thousand Poles living in Romania - mainly in the villages of the Suceava region. ... The Polish minority in the Soviet Union refers to former Polish citizens or Polish-speaking people who resided in the Soviet Union. ... The demographics of Poland describe the make-up of the country of Poland. ... The diversion of Haplogroup F and its descendants. ... In human genetics, Haplogroup R1a1 (M17) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup, that is spread across Eurasia. ... An 18th century map labeled Poland The ethnonyms for the Poles (people) and Poland (their country) include endonyms (the way Polish people refer to themselves and their country) and exonyms (the way other peoples refer to the Poles and their country). ... Etymologies redirects here. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
85.06.01: Totem Poles of the North American Northwest Coast Indians (6041 words)
The totem pole is an arrangement of symbols or memory devices in sequence created for the purpose of recalling a story or event.
Heraldic portal or family poles were placed in the middle front of a house with a hole near the base which served as a doorway.
Totem poles were painted with a type of fish egg tempera and colors were limited to subdued shades of red, fl, green, and blue.
Poles - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (828 words)
Poles are the second largest Slavic nation after Russians in terms of population number, just ahead of Ukrainians, and the largest predominantly Roman Catholic one.
Ethnic Poles are people who may not have a connection to the Polish language, culture or citizenship, but they are identified or seen as being Polish in countries outside of Poland, due to such factors as having Polish, or partly Polish parents or ancestors.
Poles in Germany According to Andrej Kazula.: Zuwanderer aus Polen in Deutschland the numbers are estimated up to 2 million.
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