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Police forces are government organisations charged with the responsibility of maintaining law and order. The word comes from the French, and less directly from the Greek politeia, referring to government or administration; the word police was coined in France in the 18th century. The police may also be known as a constabulary, after constables, who were an early manifestation of police officers. A car of the Devon and Cornwall Police, photographed in Ilfracombe, North Devon, England. ...
A car of the Devon and Cornwall Police, photographed in Ilfracombe, North Devon, England. ...
The Devon and Cornwall Constabulary is a British police force responsible for the counties of Devon and Cornwall and the unitary authorities of Plymouth, Torbay and the Isles of Scilly. ...
Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion...
Public ownership (also called government ownership or state ownership) is government ownership of any asset, industry, or corporation at any level, national, regional or local (municipal). ...
Law (a loanword from Old Norse lag), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow...
Constabulary may have several definitions. ...
United Kingdom A Constable is a police officer in Britain and most countries with a British colonial history (now mostly members of the Commonwealth of Nations). ...
Introduction In most Western legal systems, the major role of the police is to discourage and investigate crimes, with particular emphases on crime against persons or property and the maintenance of public order, and if able to apprehend suspected perpetrator(s), to detain them, and inform the appropriate authorities. See criminal law. Download high resolution version (1928x1453, 470 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (1928x1453, 470 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Saarland is one of the 16 States of Germany. ...
Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that punishes criminals for committing offences against the state. ...
Police are often used as an emergency service and may provide a public safety function at large gatherings, as well as in emergencies, disasters, and search and rescue situations. To provide a prompt response in emergencies, the police often coordinate their operations with fire and emergency medical services. In many countries there is a common emergency service number that allows the police, firefighters or medical services to be summoned to an emergency. Emergency services are services that deal with emergencies and other aspects of Public Safety. ...
Search and Rescue (acronym SAR) is an operation mounted by emergency services, often well-trained volunteers, to find someone believed to be in distress, lost, sick or injured either in a remote or difficult to access area, such as mountains, desert or forest (Wilderness search and rescue), or at sea...
Firefighter with an axe A firefighter, sometimes still called a fireman though women have increasingly joined firefighting units, is a person who is trained and equipped to put out fires, rescue people and in some areas provide emergency medical services. ...
Emergency medical service (EMS) is a branch of medicine that is performed in the field (i. ...
Many countries public telephone networks have a single emergency telephone number, sometimes known as the universal emergency telephone number or occasionally the emergency services number, that allows a caller to contact local emergency services for assistance. ...
Police are also responsible for reporting minor offences by issuing citations which typically may result in the imposition of fines, particularly for violations of traffic law. Police sometimes involve themselves in the maintenance of public order, even where no legal transgressions have occurred -- for example, in some Australian jurisdictions, people who are drunk and causing a public nuisance may be removed to a "drying-out centre" until they recover from the effects of the alcohol. For the thoroughbred, see Citation (horse). ...
A fine is money paid as a financial punishment for the commission of minor crimes or as the settlement of a claim. ...
In many parts of the world traffic is generally organized, flowing in lanes of travel for a particular direction, with interchanges, traffic signals, or signage at intersectons to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. ...
This article or section should be merged with intoxication Drunkenness, in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with alcohol (i. ...
History -
In 1663, London hired watchmen to guard the streets at night, augmenting the force of unpaid constables, as the first paid law enforcement body. The ineffectiveness of this method led to the world's first organized police force in 1829 with the founding of the London Metropolitan Police by Sir Robert Peel. In 1845 the United States’ first full-time organized police force was formed in New York City; the concepts emphasized by Peel in London were an influence on its creation. [1] (http://www.historychannel.com/thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=219522) Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ...
The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...
For the painter see John Constable. ...
1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
The Metropolitan Police Service (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police or the Met) are the police of Greater London, England, with the exception of the square mile of the City of London, which has its own police force, the City of London Police. ...
This is about the British Prime Minister. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
The NYPD Logo The New York City Police Department (NYPD), the largest police department in the United States, has primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...
Multiple levels of police agencies In many countries, particularly those with a federal system of government, there may be several police or police-like organisations, each serving different levels of government and enforcing different subsets of the applicable law.
The United States of America In the United States, there are several levels of policing and law enforcement services, federal police, state police, special-purpose district police (parks, schools, housing, transit, etc), county police (sheriffs, constables, and some county police agencies), and local police. There are thousands of separate police forces. Download high resolution version (900x439, 83 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Download high resolution version (900x439, 83 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
State nickname: Old Line State; Free State Other U.S. States Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Official languages English Area 32,160 km² (42nd) - Land 25,338 km² - Water 6,968 km² (21%) Population (2000) - Population 5,296,486 (19th) - Density 165 /km² (5th) Admission into...
Federal police are the police of a federal government charged with enforcing and investigating the violations of federal laws. ...
In the United States, state police are a police body unique to each U.S. state, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. ...
Generally a special-purpose district, also known as a special district, is a governmental entity differing from general-purpose districts like municipalities, counties, etc. ...
County Police are the police of a county in the United States and in the United Kingdom. ...
Sheriff is both a political and a legal office held under English common law, Scots law or American common law, or the person who holds such office. ...
United Kingdom A Constable is a police officer in Britain and most countries with a British colonial history (now mostly members of the Commonwealth of Nations). ...
Local policing is usually conducted by the police departments at the county, city, township or village level and may range from one person offices (sometimes still called the town marshal) to the 40,000 men and women of the New York City Police Department. County sheriffs, county police, state police, and highway patrols may assist the local police with investigations and also operate county jails and state prisons. They also enforce laws in their particular jurisdictions and are usually the only police in unincorporated areas beyond the jurisdiction of the cities. Special district police tend to be security police forces with little or no off-site authority. One exception however is the Los Angeles School Police Department, which with a deployment of 525 sworn and non-sworn personnel covers 708 square miles from five police divisions. Marshal (also spelled Marshall) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ...
The NYPD Logo The New York City Police Department (NYPD), the largest police department in the United States, has primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...
Sheriff is both a political and a legal office held under English common law, Scots law or American common law, or the person who holds such office. ...
County Police are the police of a county in the United States and in the United Kingdom. ...
In the United States, state police are a police body unique to each U.S. state, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. ...
The term highway patrol can refer either to a police agency created primarily for the purpose of overseeing traffic safety compliance on a politys roads and highways, such as the California Highway Patrol, or to a detail within an existing local or regional police that primarily concerns its activity...
In law, a region of land is unincorporated if it is not a part of any municipality. ...
Security police (also known as special police) are the special security officers employed by (usually governmental) organizations to protect their facilities, properties, personnel, users and visitors from harm and who enforce laws and administrative regulations. ...
The Los Angeles School Police Department (LASPD) was established in August of 1948 to create a safe and tranquil environment for the students, teachers and staff of the Los Angeles Unified School District. ...
Federal police fall into two broad categories: Police SUV (Chevrolet Tahoe) used by the Coppell, Texas police department. ...
Police SUV (Chevrolet Tahoe) used by the Coppell, Texas police department. ...
A sport utility vehicle (SUV) or off-roader is a type of passenger vehicle which combines the load-hauling and passenger-carrying capacity of a large station wagon or minivan with features designed for off-road driving. ...
Coppell is a city located in Dallas County,Texas. ...
Federal police are the police of a federal government charged with enforcing and investigating the violations of federal laws. ...
Both types operate at the highest level and are endowed with police or quasi-police roles. The investigative agencies have nationwide jurisdiction, while the uniformed agencies tend to have rather limited territorial jurisdictions. The FBI has the most general investigative powers, while the other federal agencies are highly specialized. All federal agencies are limited by the U.S. Constitution to investigating only matters that are explicitly within the power of the federal government, like interstate commerce. But because everything in the U.S. affects interstate commerce nowadays, federal investigative powers are in practice very broad. Official FBI Seal The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
The United States Marshals Service, part of the United States Department of Justice, is the United States oldest federal law enforcement agency. ...
Since 1973, the DEA has enforced the drug laws in the United States. ...
The United States Secret Service is a United States federal government law enforcement agency that is part of the United States Department of Homeland Security (prior to the founding of that department in 2002, it was under the United States Department of the Treasury). ...
Security police (also known as special police) are the special security officers employed by (usually governmental) organizations to protect their facilities, properties, personnel, users and visitors from harm and who enforce laws and administrative regulations. ...
The Federal Protective Service or FPS, is a branch of Immigration and Customs Enforcement and is responsible for the security of over 8. ...
U.S. Park Police officers standing by during the 2005 Inauguration The United States Park Police is the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agency in the United States. ...
The United States Border Patrol (USBP), a Federal police force, is the mobile uniformed law enforcement arm of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a bureau of the Department of Homeland Security. ...
O/a 16:05 EST 20 JAN 05 U.S. Park Police officers standing-by on 16th Street, N.W. (38° 53 59, -77° 2 11) north of Lafayette Park, the White House and the reviewing stand for the Inaugural Parade. ...
O/a 16:05 EST 20 JAN 05 U.S. Park Police officers standing-by on 16th Street, N.W. (38° 53 59, -77° 2 11) north of Lafayette Park, the White House and the reviewing stand for the Inaugural Parade. ...
The United States Park Police is the oldest uniformed federal law enforcement agency in the United States. ...
Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution empowers the United States Congress To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes. The Commerce Clause has been the subject of intense constitutional and political disagreement centering on the extent to...
Because of all this complexity, at a crime or disaster scene affecting large numbers of people, there will be many different police agencies involved. Usually the highest local agency, or the highest federal law enforcement agency (the FBI), if a federal law was involved, will take command in such confusing situations, as depicted in movies like The Negotiator or Die Hard'. Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ...
The Negotiator is a 1998 drama/thriller film, directed by F. Gary Gray. ...
Die Hard is an action film released in 1988, written by Jeb Stuart and Steven E. de Sousa, starring Bruce Willis, Bonnie Bedelia, Alan Rickman, William Atherton, directed by John McTiernan. ...
Canada In Canada, there are three levels of police forces: municipal, provincial, and federal. Constitutionally, law enforcement is a provincial responsibility, although most urban areas have been given the authority to maintain their own police forces. Many municipalities contract out their law enforcement to the provincial authorities, and all but three provinces in turn contract out their law enforcement responsibilities to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the federal force, which therefore is the only police force in the world to service three distinct levels. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP or Mounties; French, Gendarmerie royale du Canada, GRC) is both the federal police force and the national police of Canada. ...
Ontario, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador maintain their own provincial police forces. Smaller Canadian Cities often contract police service from the RCMP, while larger cities maintain their own force. Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) - Land 917,741 km² - Water 158,654 km² (14. ...
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Motto: Quaerite Primum Regnum Dei (Seek ye first the kingdom of God) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital St. ...
France See article Police in France Organizations Agencies France has two national general-purpose law enforcement agencies: the Police Nationale (civilian force; primary responsibility in urban areas; run under the Ministry of the Interior) the Gendarmerie Nationale (military force; primary responsibility in rural areas and military installations; run under the Ministry of Defence and under operational...
In France, there are two separate national police agencies, with overlapping but different jurisdiction:
A similar diffusion exists, or has existed, in several other countries following the French system. The National Police (Police Nationale) is the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. ...
Gendarmes guarding the Paris Hall of Justice Gendarmerie motorcyclists police the roads and autoroutes of rural France. ...
Additionally, French municipalities may have a local police called the police municipale, garde municipale or garde champetre, with restricted powers: they can only enforce the municipal by-laws (amongst which those related to the road circulation) and participate in prevention actions (survey, evacuation of buildings, protection against accidents, etc.). These personnel may or may not be allowed to bear firearms. Note that in French, the term "police" does not only refers to the forces, but also to the general concept of "maintenance of law and order" (policing). There are two types of police in this general sense: A Bylaw (sometimes also seen as By-Law or ByLaw) is a rule governing the internal management of an organization, such as a business corporation. ...
- administrative police (police administrative): preventative actions (patrols, signalizing accident areas, overpowering a violent person, taking care of a lost or abandoned child, etc.);
- judicial police (police judiciaire): noticing infringements of the law, searching for the proofs and for the authors of the crime, investigation, and full powers of arrest.
Thus, the mayor has the administrative police power on the town (i.e. he/she can order the police forces to enforce the municipal by-laws), the judge has the power of police on the court (i.e. he/she can have people who disrupt the proceedings expelled from the court room). A mayor (from the Latin maīor, meaning larger,greater) is the politician who serves as chief executive official of some types of municipalities. ...
A judge or justice is an appointed or elected official who presides over a court. ...
Until 1984, the National Police was involved in the prehospital care and casualty transport (Police secours). The prehospital care is now performed by firemen; however, mountain rescue is performed by the Gendarmerie (PGHM, peloton de gendarmerie de haute montagne) and the CRS (Compagnies républicaines de sécurité, National Police's Republican Security Company). 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The casualty movement is the procedures used to move a casualty from the initial location (street, home, working place. ...
Firefighter with an axe A firefighter, sometimes still called a fireman though women have increasingly joined firefighting units, is a person who is trained and equipped to put out fires, rescue people and in some areas provide emergency medical services. ...
Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is often also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments. ...
Some other countries follow this model and have separate police agencies with the same role but different jurisdictions.
Interpol Most countries are members of the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol, established to detect and fight trans-national crime and provide for international co-operation and coordination of other police activities, such as notifying relatives of the death of foreign nationals. Interpol does not conduct enquiries nor arrests by itself, but only serves as a central point for information on crime, suspects and criminals. Political crimes are excluded from its competencies. The International Criminal Police Organization – Interpol (ICPO-Interpol) was created in 1923 to assist international criminal police co-operation. ...
In the standard sense of the phrase, a political crime is an action deemed illegal by a government in order to control real or imagined threats to its survival, at the expense of a range of human rights and freedoms. ...
Police armament and equipment
Generally German Policemen with automatic guns (in Hamburg in front of a military hospital) In many jurisdictions, police officers carry firearms in the normal course of their duties. Some firearms A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ...
Police often have specialist units for handling armed offenders, and similar dangerous situations, and can often, in extreme circumstances, call on the military, sometimes including special forces like the SAS. They can also be equipped with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, shields, riot control agents, rubber bullets and stun guns. The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. Police officers often also carry handcuffs to restrain suspects. Special forces or special operations forces is a term used to describe relatively small military units raised and trained for reconnaissance, unconventional warfare and special operations. ...
Official Unit Names 21 Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment (Volunteers) 22 Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment, British Army 23 Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment (Volunteers) Nicknames The Regiment 21SAS, 22SAS, 23SAS The SAS The sass Mottos Who Dares Wins (official) Speed Aggression Surprise (unofficial) Description Britains elite Special Forces...
Non-lethal force is force which is not inherently likely to kill or cause great bodily injury to a living target. ...
Riot policemen from a Sheriff department in the United States. ...
Hercules fights the Lernaean Hydra with a club A club or cudgel is perhaps the simplest of all melée weapons. ...
Indo-Persian Dhal Shield A shield is a protective device, meant to intercept attacks. ...
A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ...
Rubber bullets are rubber-coated projectiles fired from guns. ...
The words stun gun can mean:- An electroshock gun or electric shock baton: these exist in the real world. ...
Deadly force is that level of force which is inherently likely to cause death or great bodily injury. ...
A pair of metal double-locking police handcuffs A woman cuffed with handcuffs and thumbcuffs Handcuffs are devices to secure two wrists close together. ...
Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to coordinate their work and share information. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling criminal background checks on persons of interest to be completed in a matter of seconds, and updating the officer's daily activity log and other required reports on a real-time basis. Other common pieces of police equipment include flashlights, whistles, and, most importantly, notebooks and "ticketbooks" or citations. Green Flashlight Flashlight is the NATO designation for the Yakovlev Yak-25 Soviet military jet. ...
A whistle is a one-note woodwind instrument which produces sound from a stream of forced air. ...
A notebook is a book of blank, lined or graph paper on which notes may be written. ...
A summons is a legal document issued by a court addressed to a defendant in a legal proceeding. ...
In specific countries Police in the United States usually carry a pistol (Glocks and Sig-Sauers are the most common) and an impact weapon, a baton also known as a "nightstick". Most large police departments have elite SWAT units which are called in to handle situations which require greater force, such as hostage situations or building raids. Some departments also use nonlethal weapons like Mace, pepper spray, electroshock guns, and beanbag rifles. Some police departments allow their officers to carry shotguns or assault rifles in their vehicles for additional firepower. Download high resolution version (1167x659, 184 KB)Finnish police van in Rovaniemi, Lapland, Finland. ...
Download high resolution version (1167x659, 184 KB)Finnish police van in Rovaniemi, Lapland, Finland. ...
A pistol or handgun is a usually small, projectile weapon, normally fired with one hand. ...
GLOCK - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
The Sig-Sauer P239 is a semi-automatic pistol designed for personal protection. It is offered in 3 calibers: 9mm, .357SIG, and . ...
Impact Weapons, or Impact Tools, are hand-held weapons used by police. ...
SWAT is an acronym for Special Weapons And Tactics. ...
Mace is a brand of tear gas in the form of an aerosol spray which propels the lachrymatory mixed with a volatile solvent. ...
Pepper spray is a non-lethal chemical agent which is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense. ...
An electroshock gun or stun gun, is a weapon used for subduing a person by administering an electric shock. ...
The flexible baton round is the trademarked name for a type of non-lethal kinetic projectile; it is more widely known as a beanbag round. ...
Remington model 870 pump-action shotgun held by a Florida Highway Patrol cadet shotgun, see: Shotgun (disambiguation). ...
Avtomat Fedorova model 1916. ...
To efficiently cover the sprawling layout of the typical American city, American police officers usually patrol in pairs called "units," and ride in specialized cars (such as the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor) called "cruisers" or "prowl cars", or in the New York City Police Department "RMPs" (Radio Mobile Patrol). High-speed car chases are common in certain areas of the United States, so police officers are usually trained in high-speed driving techniques and the PIT maneuver. Horses are still used, mainly in crowd control situations but in remote areas occasionally for patrol or search and rescue. Urban sprawl (also called suburban sprawl and occasionally Los Angelization) describes the growth of a metropolitan area, particularly the suburbs, over a large area. ...
A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town, village, or hamlet by size, population density, importance, or legal status. ...
The Ford Crown Victoria is a variety of automobile made by the Ford Motor Company and sold mainly in the North American market. ...
The NYPD Logo The New York City Police Department (NYPD), the largest police department in the United States, has primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...
In movies and television a car chase is a scene involving one or more automobiles being pursued by other vehicles. ...
The PIT maneuver is a method, popular with police departments, by which one car pursuing another can force the pursued vehicle to abruptly turn sideways to the direction of travel, causing the driver to lose control and stop. ...
Binomial name Equus caballus The Horse (Equus caballus) is a large ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus Equus. ...
In the United Kingdom and some other countries of the British police tradition, the police are not normally issued firearms, but are issued other weapons (truncheons, batons, pepper spray, CS gas etc.), although some officers may be issued firearms in special situations. This originates from the formation of the Metropolitan Police in the 19th Century, when police were not armed, partly to counter public fears and objections concerning armed enforcers. However, the Ministry of Defence Police, Civil Nuclear Constabulary and Police Service of Northern Ireland (formerly known as Royal Ulster Constabulary) are issued firearms as a matter of routine. Every force can also call upon armed response units in a matter of minutes, and certain specialist squads, such as the Flying Squad, Special Branch, Diplomatic Protection Group, Royalty Protection Branch, and officers protecting airports and government buildings, are routinely armed. Hercules fights the Lernaean Hydra with a club A club or cudgel is perhaps the simplest of all melee weapons. ...
Pepper spray is a non-lethal chemical agent which is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense. ...
chemical structure of CS gas CS gas (commonly called tear gas), or ortho-chloro-benzal malonitrile, is a usually non-lethal riot control agent. ...
Metropolitan Police is a generic title for the municipal police force for a major metropolitan area. ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Ministry of Defence Police (or MOD Police; MDP) is the police force of the British Ministry of Defence. ...
The Civil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) is a 650 person police force that polices civil nuclear sites in the UK. It came into being on the 1st April 2005, replacing the former United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary that was established in 1955. ...
The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) is the police service that covers Northern Ireland. ...
The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) was the police force in Northern Ireland from 1922 to 2001. ...
The Flying Squad is a branch of Londons Metropolitan Police force. ...
Special Branch is the arm of British Police forces that deals with national security matters. ...
The archetypal British "bobbie" walked his beat alone. Apart from rapid response units, motor vehicles were rarely used except in rural districts (and even there bicycles were more common). However, in the last few decades the police have become increasingly motorised and it is now rare to see an officer on foot patrol except in city or town centres, and then rarely alone. Patrol cars, known as panda cars (or sometimes jam sandwiches), are in use everywhere and may be crewed by one or two officers. Except for rapid response and traffic patrol vehicles, they are generally smaller and less powerful than American vehicles. This racing bicycle is built using lightweight, shaped aluminum tubing and carbon fiber stays and forks. ...
A panda car is a small or medium-sized police car operated by British police forces. ...
A jam sandwich is a sandwich containing jam. ...
The Republic of Ireland has an unarmed police force, An Garda Síochána, although they are all trained to use firearms and all detectives and special units carry them. A member of the motorcycle unit of the Garda Síochána. ...
Restrictions upon the power of the police In order for police officers to do their job well, they are vested by the state with a monopoly in the use of certain powers. These include the powers to arrest, search, seize, and interrogate; and if necessary, to kill. In nations with democratic systems and the rule of law, the law of criminal procedure has been developed to regulate officers' discretion, so that they do not exercise their vast powers arbitrarily and ruin the lives of innocent people. The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. ...
Criminal procedure is the process used in dealing with violations of criminal law. ...
Generally speaking police/law enforcement officers in the United States can stop (see Terry stop) and detain a person(s) when they have probable cause to suspect that the person(s) have committed a crime, or were about to commit a crime, and incident to such a stop can search the detained person(s) for reasons of 'officer safety' as well as public safety. This juvenille, in the District of Columbia, was released shortly after this image was made after Montgomery County (Maryland) and D.C. police determined he was an unwitting passenger in a stolen vehicle. In American criminal procedure, the most famous case is Miranda v. Arizona which led to the widespread use of Miranda warnings. American police are also prohibited from holding criminal suspects for more than an unreasonable time (usually two days) before arraignment, using torture to extract confessions, using excessive force to effect an arrest, and searching suspects' bodies or their homes without a warrant obtained upon a showing of probable cause. There are exceptions for exigent circumstances such as the need to disarm a suspect who is resisting arrest. The Posse Comitatus Act prevents the use of the U.S. military for police activity, giving added importance to police SWAT units. O/a 18:00 EDT 10 OCT 04 North Portal Street at 16th Street, N.W. in the District of Columbia (two blocks south of the D.C.-MD line) [38° 59 26, -77° 2 10]. Officers of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) in PSA...
O/a 18:00 EDT 10 OCT 04 North Portal Street at 16th Street, N.W. in the District of Columbia (two blocks south of the D.C.-MD line) [38° 59 26, -77° 2 10]. Officers of the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPD) in PSA...
In the United States, a Terry stop is a police officers stop and limited search of a person for weapons, justified by the officers reasonable suspicion that a crime is in progress or imminent, by a person who may be armed, and who causes the officer to fear...
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Miranda v. ...
The Miranda warning is given by police officers in the United States to suspects whom they have arrested and intend to question. ...
Arraignment is a common law term for the formal reading of a criminal complaint, in the presence of the defendant, to inform him of the charges against him. ...
The Iron Maiden of Nuremberg was a famous torture device Torture is the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain as an expression of cruelty, a means of intimidation, deterrent or punishment, or as a tool for the extraction of information or confessions. ...
In criminal proceedings, a confession is a document in which a suspect admits having committed a crime. ...
Probable cause is a legal term used in most common law American criminal law jurisdictions that denotes the standard by which a police officer may conduct a personal or property search, or an arrest. ...
This article is about a United States statute prohibiting the use of the armed forces for law enforcement. ...
British police officers are governed by similar rules, particularly those introduced under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, but generally have greater powers. They may, for example, legally search any suspect who has been arrested, or their vehicles, home or business premises, without a warrant, and may seize anything they find in a search as evidence. Unlike the system in many countries, a British police officer's rank has no bearing on his or her powers - all police powers are derived from the "office of constable" into which every police officer has been sworn and the newest probationary constable (or part-time volunteer special constable) has exactly the same powers as the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, Britain's most senior police officer. The Special Constabulary is the auxiliary wing of the British police. ...
The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police Commissioner) is the head of the Metropolitan Police Service in London. ...
Difficult issues Some police organizations, especially in multi-racial or multi-ethnic areas, are faced with the perception that racial profiling is occurring. Police organizations also must sometimes deal with the issue of police corruption which is often abetted by a code of silence that encourages unquestioning loyalty to one's comrades over the cause of justice. In the US, this is accomplished by having an independent or semi-independent organization investigate such as the FBI, internal affairs, or the Justice Department. Finally, in many places, the social status and pay of police is now leading to major problems with recruitment and morale. Racial profiling is the use of race as one consideration in suspect profiling or other law enforcement practices. ...
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...
The internal affairs division of a police agency investigates incidents and plausible suspicions of lawbreaking and professional misconduct attributed to officers on the force. ...
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) is a Cabinet department in the United States government designed to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. ...
Critics, especially those mindful of the potential for state tyranny, (see "police state"), argue that police organizations are a means by which the state implements its monopoly on the use of force. A police state is a political condition where the government maintains strict control over society, particularly through suspension of civil rights and often with the use of a force of secret police. ...
A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ...
The monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force is a political concept formalized by the sociologist Max Weber, in his 1918 speech Politik als Beruf (Politics as a Vocation). ...
Police forces also find themselves under criticism for their use of force, particularly deadly force when a police officer of one race kills a suspect of another race. In the United States, such events routinely spark protests and accusations of racism against police. Deadly force is that level of force which is inherently likely to cause death or great bodily injury. ...
For more information on extreme forms and various views of policing, see secret police, police state, corporate police state, thought police, and police brutality. A secret police (sometimes political police) force is a police organization that operates in secret to enforce state security. ...
A police state is a political condition where the government maintains strict control over society, particularly through suspension of civil rights and often with the use of a force of secret police. ...
A Corporate police state is a pejorative term for a hypothetical system of government that combines an economy based on private enterprise, especially large business corporations, with a repressive and authoritarian government. ...
In George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four the government attempts to control not only the speech and actions, but also the thoughts of its subjects, labelling unapproved thoughts with the term thoughtcrime or, in Newspeak, crimethink. In the book, Winston Smith, the main character, writes in his diary...
Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive incidents of police brutality occur in most or all countries, even those which actively prosecute and successfully punish such activity. ...
Policing structures Most police forces contain subgroups whose job it is to investigate particular types of crime.
In most Western police forces, perhaps the most significant division is between "uniformed" police and detectives. Uniformed police, as the name suggests, wear uniforms, and their jobs involve overt policing operations, traffic control, and more active crime response and prevention. Detectives, by contrast, wear 'business attire' when their job is to more passively investigate crimes, usually on a longer-term basis. There are also "plainclothes" officers, who are required to dress in more casual attire for purposes of blending in better. In some cases, police are assigned to work "undercover", where they do not identify themselves as police, sometimes for long periods, to investigate crimes, particularly organized crime, unsolvable by other means. This type of policing shares much with espionage. A detective is an officer of the police who performs criminal or administrative investigations, in some police departments, the lowest rank among such investigators (above the lowest rank of officers and below sergeants), a civilian licensed to investigate information not readily available in public records (a private investigator, also called...
This page describes uniform in the sense of clothing. ...
In many parts of the world traffic is generally organized, flowing in lanes of travel for a particular direction, with interchanges, traffic signals, or signage at intersectons to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. ...
Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ...
Spy and secret agent redirect here; for alternate use, see Spy (disambiguation) and Secret agent (disambiguation). ...
Specialized groups exist within the branches either for dealing with particular types of crime (for instance, traffic policing, murder, or fraud) or because of particular specialised skills they have (for instance, diving, operating helicopters, bomb squad, and so on). Most larger jurisdictions also retain specially-trained quasi-military squads armed with small arms for the purposes of dealing with particularly violent situations. These are sometimes called SWAT (Special Weapons And Tactics) teams. A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more large horizontal rotors (propellers). ...
Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous devices are rendered safe. ...
The term small arms describes any weapon that a person can easily transport and fire. ...
SWAT is an acronym for Special Weapons And Tactics. ...
Related articles International International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol EUROPOL Australia Australian Federal Police Australian Security Intelligence Organisation Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police Emergency Response Team (ERT) Royal Newfoundland Constabulary Ontario Provincial Police Sûreté du Québec China Ministry of Public Security Peoples Armed Police France French Gendarmerie EPIGN GIGN (Groupe...
Police roles Auxiliary police are the part time civilian reserves of a regular police force. ...
A Bailiff in a United States courtroom Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian; cf. ...
A civil police force is a police force comprised of civilians and not military personnel. ...
United Kingdom A Constable is a police officer in Britain and most countries with a British colonial history (now mostly members of the Commonwealth of Nations). ...
County Police are the police of a county in the United States and in the United Kingdom. ...
Cybercop generally refers to police who use the Internet; although, it is sometimes in reference to cyborgs this article talks about the policemen. ...
A detective is an officer of the police who performs criminal or administrative investigations, in some police departments, the lowest rank among such investigators (above the lowest rank of officers and below sergeants), a civilian licensed to investigate information not readily available in public records (a private investigator, also called...
Federal police are the police of a federal government charged with enforcing and investigating the violations of federal laws. ...
Fire Police are unarmed volunteer firefighters with special police training who are responsible for traffic control, crowd control, fire and incident scene security, apparatus security, and station security during calls for service. ...
A gendarmerie (French) is a military body charged with general police duties. ...
The term highway patrol can refer either to a police agency created primarily for the purpose of overseeing traffic safety compliance on a politys roads and highways, such as the California Highway Patrol, or to a detail within an existing local or regional police that primarily concerns its activity...
Marshal (also spelled Marshall) is a word used in several official titles of various branches of society. ...
Military police (MPs) are the police of a military organization, generally concerning themselves with law enforcement and security. ...
A mounted police officer on duty in Montreals Parc du Mont-Royal Mounted police are police who patrol on horseback. ...
National police are the primary source of law enforcement activities in some countries, such as Italy, France and Japan, and are organised on a national basis. ...
A Park Ranger is a person charged with protecting and preserving parkland, forests (then called Forest Rangers), wilderness areas other natural resouces. ...
Riot control are the measures to control a riot or to break up an unwanted demonstration (usually of protestors). ...
Security police (also known as special police) are the special security officers employed by (usually governmental) organizations to protect their facilities, properties, personnel, users and visitors from harm and who enforce laws and administrative regulations. ...
A secret police (sometimes political police) force is a police organization that operates in secret to enforce state security. ...
Sheriff is both a political and a legal office held under English common law, Scots law or American common law, or the person who holds such office. ...
Special police in United States terminology can mean a volunteer, unpaid, part-time civilian auxiliary police or it can mean a security police force. ...
In the United States, state police are a police body unique to each U.S. state, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. ...
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Transit Police, or Transport Police, are a specialized type of police employed by a common carrier, usually a railroad (but may also include a bus line or other transportation carrier) that are tasked to prevent and investigate crimes committed against the carrier or by or against passengers or other customers...
Water police, also called harbor patrols, port police, marine police, or river police, are police officers, usually a department of a larger police organisation, who patrol in water craft. ...
Ethical issues related to police Police brutality is a term used to describe the excessive incidents of police brutality occur in most or all countries, even those which actively prosecute and successfully punish such activity. ...
Racial profiling is the use of race as one consideration in suspect profiling or other law enforcement practices. ...
The term speed trap has several meanings, related to detection of speed limit violations. ...
In law enforcement a sting operation is an operation designed to catch a person committing a crime, by means of deception. ...
Related concepts This article is about courts of law. ...
Forensics or forensic science is the application of science to questions which are of interest to the legal system as well as social sciences such as archaeology. ...
Law (a loanword from Old Norse lag), in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments for those who do not follow...
A police station is a building which serves as the headquarters of a police force or unit which serves a specific district. ...
Posse Comitatus can refer to: In common law, Posse Comitatus refers to a means of law enforcement in unusual circumstances. ...
A poster either of the criminal himself when a photograph is available, or of an impression produced by a police artist or of a composite image generated by other means. ...
Notable historical police personalities For fictional accounts of police work, see: Crime fiction. Joseph M. Arpaio (born June 14, 1932 in Springfield, Massachusetts) is a law enforcement officer, most notably as the Sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona. ...
Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914) was French law enforcement officer and biometrics researcher, who created anthropometry, an identification system based on physical measurements. ...
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd (1885–1889) and 24th (1893–1897) President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. ...
James E. Davis (April 3, 1962 - July 23, 2003) was a New York City policeman, corrections officer and councilman. ...
This article is about the lawman; Wyatt Earp is also the name of a card game. ...
Izzy (Isadore) Einstein (1880–1938) and Moe Smith (died 1961) were American policemen during the first years of the alcohol prohibition era (1920–1925). ...
Aida D. Fariscal (1940? - ) is a former policewoman and watch commander in the Manila Police Department in the Philippines. ...
Daniel J. Faulkner (December 21, 1955 - December 9, 1981) was a Philadelphia police officer who was killed in the line of duty. ...
Louis Joseph Freeh (born January 6, 1950) was nominated by President Clinton to be the Director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). ...
Mark Fuhrman (born February 5, 1952) was a detective in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) who found the bloody glove that linked O. J. Simpson to the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson. ...
Pat Garrett (June 5, 1850 Chambers County, Alabama - February 28, 1908) was a bartender and later a sheriff in Lincoln County, New Mexico who is alleged to have tracked down and killed Billy the Kid on July 14, 1881. ...
Portrait of Darryl F. Gates. ...
John Henry Doc Holliday (August 14, 1851 – November 8, 1887) was an American gambler and gunfighter who is usually remembered for his associations with Wyatt Earp and the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral. ...
Hoover in 1961 John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from May 10, 1924, until his death in 1972, having been appointed to that position for life by President John Calvin Coolidge. ...
Bernard Bailey Kerik (born September 4, 1955) is an American law_enforcement officer. ...
Bat Masterson ( November 24, 1853 or 1856 - October 25, 1921) was a legendary figure of the American West. ...
Charles A. Moose served as the 15th Police Chief from August 2, 1999 to June 18, 2003, when he resigned to write a book. ...
Autographed drawing of Eliot Ness Eliot Ness (April 19, 1903 - May 16, 1957) was an American treasury agent, famous for his efforts to enforce Prohibition in Chicago as the leader of a legendary team nicknamed The Untouchables. ...
Jayaram Padikkal IPS was born and bought up at Edappally, a small suburb close to Kochi (Cochin), Kerala, India. ...
This is about the British Prime Minister. ...
Pinkerton (left) with Abraham Lincoln. ...
Order: 26th President Vice President: Charles Warren Fairbanks Term of office: September 14, 1901 – March 3, 1909 Preceded by: William McKinley Succeeded by: William Howard Taft Date of birth: October 27, 1858 Place of birth: New York City Date of death: January 6, 1919 Place of death: Oyster Bay, New...
Frank Serpico (born April 14, 1936) is a former police officer from New York City, now living in Chatham, New York. ...
Sir Samuel Benfield Steele Major General Sir Samuel Benfield Steele, CB, KCMG, MVO (January 5, 1849 - January 30, 1919) was a famous member of the North West Mounted Police. ...
John C. Varrone is the Assistant Commissioner of the Office of Investigations for the US Customs Service. ...
Eugène François Vidocq (July 23, 1775 – May 11, 1857) was a French criminal who later became a first director of Sûreté Nationale and one of the founders of the modern criminal investigation. ...
August Vollmer (1876 - 1955) was a former Berkeley, California police chief who, during the 1920s, persuaded the University of California to teach criminal justice. ...
Juan Vucetich (1858-1925) was a Croatian-born Argentinean anthropologist and police official who pioneered the use of fingerprinting. ...
Joseph Wambaugh (born January 22, 1937) is an American writer known for his fictional and non-fictional accounts of police work in the U.S. Wambaughs unique perspective on the realities of police work comes from experience: he is a former Los Angeles policeman and detective. ...
Sherlock Holmes, pipe-puffing hero of crime fiction, confers with his colleague Dr. Watson; together these characters popularized the genre. ...
Notable police officers better known in other walks of life - Nicola Calipari, Italian intelligence officer (Polizia di Stato)
- Jessie Camacho, American contestant on Survivor: Africa (Altamonte Springs Police Department/Orange County Sheriff's Office)
- Geoff Capes, British strongman (Metropolitan Police)
- John Reginald Christie, British serial killer (Metropolitan Police War Reserve)
- Bill Clark, American screenwriter and producer of NYPD Blue (New York City Police Department)
- Lynn "Buck" Compton, American army officer featured in Band of Brothers (Los Angeles Police Department)
- Rico Constantino, American wrestler (Las Vegas Police Department)
- Lisa Dalton, American actress and drama teacher (Englewood Police Department)
- Jimmie Davis, singer and Governor of Louisiana (Shreveport Police Department)
- Christopher Dean, British ice dancer (Nottinghamshire Police)
- Dave Dee, British singer (Metropolitan Police)
- Reed Diamond, American actor (Los Angeles Police Department)
- John DiResta, American comedian and actor (New York City Transit Police)
- Seán Doherty, Irish politician (Garda Síochána)
- Dennis Farina, American actor (Chicago Police Department)
- Robert Emmett Fitzsimmons, American actor (New York City Police Department)
- Errol Flynn, Australian actor
- Kam Fong Chun, American actor (Honolulu Police Department)
- Don Galloway, American actor (San Bernardino Sheriff's Department Reserve)
- Lucy Gannon, British screenwriter (Royal Military Police)
- Deryck Guyler, British actor (Royal Air Force Police)
- Rafael Hernández, Spanish actor
- Maralyn Hershey, American contestant on Survivor: The Australian Outback (DC Metropolitan Police Department)
- Charlotte Hobrough, winner of British Survivor
- Robert Holmes, British screenwriter (Metropolitan Police)
- Al Hoxie, American silent movie actor (Anaheim Police Department)
- Reina Leone, American porn actress (San Francisco Sheriff's Department)
- Walter Long, American actor (United States Army Military Police Corps)
- Arthur McKenzie, British screenwriter (Northumbria Police)
- Victor McLaglen, British actor (British Army Provost Marshal)
- Eddie Money, American musician (New York City Police Department)
- Dennis Nilsen, British serial killer (Metropolitan Police)
- Sergio Oliva, Cuban-born American weightlifter and bodybuilder (Chicago Police Department)
- Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player (Los Angeles Port Police Reserve/Miami Beach Police Reserve)
- George Orwell, British author (Burma Police)
- John Powell, American discus thrower (San Jose Police Department)
- Ray Reardon, British snooker player (Stoke-on-Trent City Police)
- Phil Regan, American tenor (New York City Police Department)
- Nicholas Rhea, British novelist
- Chuck Roberson, American stuntman (Culver City Police Department)
- Gene Roddenberry, American producer of Star Trek (Los Angeles Police Department)
- Talbot Rothwell, British screenwriter for the Carry On film series
- Sathyan, Indian actor (Kerala Police)
- John Savident, British actor (Manchester City Police)
- Kim Taylforth, British actress (Metropolitan Police)
- Dan White, American murderer (San Francisco Police Department)
Nicola Calipari Nicola Calipari (June 23, 1953, Reggio Calabria - March 4, 2005, Iraq) was an Italian military intelligence (SISMI) officer (ranking Major General). ...
Jessie Camacho is a Survivor contestant who appeared in Survivor: Africa who was voted out in episode 2 for being sick and is notable for being the most popular Survivor ever (she was at 98% popularity before the game). ...
Survivor: Africa was the third installment of the popular United States reality show Survivor. ...
Geoff Capes, former shot put champion and title holder of Worlds Strongest Man, is now a breeder of budgerigars, having won many top prizes at all major shows. ...
10 Rillington Place, Notting Hill, Notting Hill Gate, London was the site of one of Britains most notorious serial killers, and a miscarriage of justice which contributed towards the abolition of the death penalty in Britain. ...
NYPD Blue was a long-running American television police drama. ...
Poster for Band of Brothers. ...
Rico Constantino (also spelled as Rico Costantino) is a professional wrestler. ...
James Houston Davis, better known as Jimmie Davis, (September 11, 1899 - November 5, 2000) was a noted singer who served as Governor of Louisiana. ...
List of Governors of Louisiana First French Era Sieur Sauvole de la Villantry 1699-1701 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne, Sieur de Bienville 1701-1713 Antonine de la Mothe Cadillac 1713-1716 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1716-1717 De lEpinay 1717-1718 Jean Baptiste de la Moyne 1718...
Christopher Dean was a British figure skater who won a gold medal in ice dancing at the 1984 Winter Olympics with his skating partner Jayne Torvill. ...
Ice dancing is a form of pairs figure skating which draws from the world of ballroom dancing. ...
John DiResta is a former policeman turned comedian who had his short lived UPN series called DiResta from 1998-1999. ...
Seán Doherty (born August 29, 1944), is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. ...
Dennis Farina (born February 29, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois) is a film and television actor, starring since 2004 as Detective Joe Fontana NBCs Law & Order. ...
Emmett Fitzsimmons retired from the New York City Police Department where he was awarded the Combat Cross for Valor. ...
Errol Flynn Errol Flynn as Robin Hood, one of his most famous roles Errol Leslie Thompson Flynn (June 20, 1909–October 14, 1959), was a film actor born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, most famous for his romantic swashbuckler roles. ...
Kam Fong Chun played Chin Ho Kelly on the CBS television series Hawaii Five-O for ten years. ...
Deryck Guyler (April 29, 1914 - October 7, 1999) was a British comedy actor, best known for roles as an officious short-tempered middle-aged man in sitcoms such as Please, Sir and Sykes. ...
Maralyn Hershey (born January 24, 1949) was on the reality show Survivor: The Australian Outback,where she became the third person voted out. ...
Survivor: The Australian Outback was the second installment of the popular United States reality show Survivor. ...
Survivor was a television series. ...
This entry is about the television scriptwriter. ...
Victor McLaglen (1883-1959) was a boxer and actor. ...
Eddie Money (born March 2, 1949) is an arena rock singer. ...
Dennis Nilsen Dennis Andrew Nilsen (born November 23, 1945) was a British serial killer who lived in London. ...
Sergio Oliva (born 4 July 1941) is a bodybuilder. ...
Shaquille Roshan ONeal, nicknamed Shaq (born March 6, 1972 in Newark, New Jersey) is known as one of the National Basketball Associations most dominant basketball players. ...
George Orwell George Orwell was the pen name of British author Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950). ...
Ray Reardon is a retired Welsh snooker player. ...
Snooker table Snooker is a billiards game played on a baize-covered table that has pockets in all four corners and in the middle of each of the long cushions. ...
Gene Roddenberry, the creator of Star Trek Eugene Wesley Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was born in El Paso, Texas, USA, and spent his boyhood in Los Angeles, California. ...
The Enterprise boldly going where no man had gone before. ...
The Carry On films were a long-running series of British popular low-budget comedy films, directed by Gerald Thomas and produced by Peter Rodgers. ...
John Savident (born 1938) is a well-known British actor. ...
Dan White Dan White (September 2, 1946 - October 21, 1985) was the former city supervisor of San Francisco who assassinated Supervisor Harvey Milk and Mayor George Moscone on November 27, 1978 at City Hall. ...
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