A 'polis' (πόλις, pronunciation pol'-is) plural: poleis (πόλεις) is a city, a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. When used to describe classical Athens and its contemporaries, polis is often translated as "city-state." Look up Suffix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The English suffix -archy (from Greek αρχή, rule) denotes leadership and government. ... The English suffix -cide denotes an act related to killing. ... The English suffix -cracy means a form of government or a state having such government. ... The English suffix -cycle indicates a vehicle for transportation, but generally smaller than an automobile or truck. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the first book of the Bible, see Genesis. ... -graphy or -ography or -igraphy (etc. ... Disambiguation: -hood may also be short for neighbourhood -hood is an English suffix that means a state or condition of or a group sharing a certain characteristic. ... The Modern English adjectival suffix -ic was first seen as a suffix in English during the Middle English period. ... This is an incomplete list of suffixes in English: See also List of generic forms in British place names List of English prefixes External link Acsmedicalbilling. ... Look up -illion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The English suffix -ism was first used to form a noun of action from a verb. ... -ist is an English suffix denoting a person - it describes that persons chief duty, or belief. ... For pseudoscientific uses (such as psionic abilities), see Psychokinesis. ... A privative, named from Latin privare[1], to deprive, is a particle that negates or inverts the value of the stem of the word. ... The English suffix -ology or -logy denotes a field of study or academic discipline, and -ologist describes a person who studies that field. ... The English suffix -mania denotes an obsession or madness towards something; a mania. ... -manship is a suffix in English referring to skill in a particular discipline. ... The English suffix -nik is of Slavic origin. ... -oid is a suffix much used in the sciences and mathematics to indicate a similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, -oid is derived from the Latin suffix -oides taken from Greek and meaning having the likeness of. Thus, asteroid means like a star... -Ome is a suffix commonly attached to biological entities for describing very large-scale data collection and analysis. ... Informally, the English-language neologism omics refers to a field of study in biology ending in the suffix -omics such as genomics or proteomics. ... Words in English with the suffix -onym (from the Greek onoma which means name) refer to words with a particular property. ... -ous is an suffix used in chemistry to name chemical compounds in which a specified element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. ... Suffixes with the common part -phil- (-phile, -philia, -philic) are used to specify some kind of attraction or affinity to something, in particular the love or obsession with something. ... -phobia. ... In the English language, a variety of French-derived words ending in the suffix -phone exist to denote a connection to a specific language. ... -scope is a suffix used in English denoting viewing and observing. ... The English suffix -ship referrs to a quality, status, skill or group. ... The suffix -stan (spelled ـستان in the Perso-Arabic script) is Persian for place of, and -sthan (स्थान in the DevanāgarÄ« script) is a cognate Sanskrit suffix with the same meaning. ... Ville is the French word for city or town. ... This is a list of computing terms that end in -ware: Abandonware Adware Baitware Be-ware Beerware Bloatware Careware Crippleware Donationware Firmware Freeware Guiltware Hardware Malware Nagware Tupperware Scareware Software Shareware Spyware Payware Postcardware Vaporware Wetware Categories: English suffixes ... Look up city, City in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ...

The word originates from the ancient Greek city-states, which developed during the Archaic period, the ancestor of city, state and citizenship, and persisted (though with decreasing influence) well into Roman times, when the equivalent Latin word was civitas, also meaning 'citizenhood', while municipium applied to a non-sovereign local entity. The term city-state which originated in Greek(alongside the German Stadtstaat) does not fully translate the Greek term. The poleis were not like other primordial ancient city-states like Tyre or Sidon, which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, but rather a political entity ruled by its body of citizens. The traditional view of archaeologists, that the appearance of urbanization at excavation sites could be read as a sufficient index for the development of a polis was criticised by François Polignac in 1984^[1] and has not been taken for granted in recent decades: the polis of Sparta for example was established in a network of villages.The term polis which in archaic Greece meant city, changed with the development of the governance center in the city to indicate state (which included its surrounding villages), and finally with the emergence of a citizenship notion between the land owners it came to describe the entire body of citizens. The ancient Greeks didn't refer to Athens, Sparta, Thebes and other poleis as such; they rather spoke of the Athenians, Lacedaemonians, Thebans and so on. The body of citizens came to be the most important meaning of the term polis in ancient Greece. The Temple to Athena, the Parthenon Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around three thousand years. ... A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city. ... The archaic period in Greece is the period during which the ancient Greek city-states developed, and is normally taken to cover roughly the 9th century to the 6th century BCE. The Archaic period followed the dark ages, and saw significant advancements in political theory, and the rise of democracy... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The Triumphal Arch Tyre (Arabic , Phoenician , Hebrew Tzor, Tiberian Hebrew , Akkadian , Greek Týros) is a city in the South Governorate of Lebanon. ... , Sidon or Saida, (Arabic صيدا á¹¢aydā) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ... Sparta (Doric: Spártā, Attic: SpártÄ“) is a city in southern Greece. ... Thebes (in Demotic Greek: Θήβα — Thíva, Katharevousa: — ThÄ“bai or Thíve) is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range, which divides Boeotia from Attica, and on the southern edge of the Boeotian plain. ...

History

The bounds of the ancient polis often centered around a citadel, called the acropolis, and would of necessity also have an agora (market) and typically one or more temples and a gymnasium. Note that many of a polis' citizens would have lived in the suburbs or countryside. The Greeks did not regard the polis as a territorial grouping so much as a religious and political association: while the polis would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the polis would not simply consist of a geographical area. This article is about a type of fortification. ... Acropolis of Athens from the south-west with the Propylaea and the Temple of Nike (left centre) and the theatre of Herodes Atticus (below left) Acropolis (Gr. ... Stoa of the ancient agora de Thessaloniki An agora (αγορά), translatable as marketplace, was a public space and an essential part of an ancient Greek polis or city-state. ... In ancient Greece, the gymnasium (Greek: ; gymnasion) functioned as a training facility for competitors in public games. ...

Each city was composed of several tribes or demes, which were in turn composed of phratries and finally gentes. Metics (resident foreigners) and slaves lay outside this organization. Birth typically determined citizenship. Each polis would also worship a number of patron deities for protection and kept its own particular festivals and customs. http://www. ... In biology, a deme (rhymes with team) is another word for a local population of organisms of one species that actively interbreed with one another and share a distinct gene pool. ... A phratry (Greek φρατρία, brotherhood, kinfolk, derived from φρατήρ - brother, see also frater) is an anthropological term for a kinship division consisting of two or more distinct clans which are considered a single unit, but which retain separate indentities within the phratry. ... GENS is an open source emulator for the Sega Genesis (Sega Megadrive). ... In ancient Greece, the term metic meant resident alien, a person who did not have citizen rights in their Greek city-state (polis) of residence. ... Slave redirects here. ... The word citizen may refer to: A person with a citizenship Citizen Watch Co. ... This list of deities aims at giving information about deities in the different religions, cultures and mythologies of the world. ... A festival is an event, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community. ...

In the East beyond Asia Minor a major instrument of hellenization by Alexander the Great was the polis. He is said to have founded no fewer than seventy cities, destined to become centers of Greek influence; and the great majority of these were in lands in which city-life was almost unknown. In this respect his example was emulated by his successors, the diadochi. Hellenization (or Hellenisation) is a term used to describe a cultural change in which something non-Greek becomes Greek (Hellenistic civilization). ... In general Diadochi (in Greek Διάδοχοι, transcripted Diadochoi) means successors, such that the neoplatonic refounders of Platos Academy in Late Antiquity referred to themselves as diadochi (of Plato). ...

Polis was frequently divided into three types of inhabitants. The first, and highest, “group” of inhabitants are citizens with political rights. Then are the citizens without political rights. Lastly are the non-citizen.

Derived words

Derivatives of polis are common in many modern European languages. This is indicative of the influence of the polis-centred Hellenic world view. Derivative words in English include policy, polity, police and politics. World map showing the location of Europe. ... Look up policy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Polity is a general term that refers to political organization of a group. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. ...

A number of words end in the word "-polis". Most refer to a special kind of city and/or state. Some examples are:

• Astropolis — star-scaled city/industry area; complex space station; a european star-related festival.
• Cosmopolis — a large urban centre with a population comprised of many different cultural backgrounds; a novel written by Don DeLillo.
• Ecumenopolis — a city that covers an entire planet, usually seen in science fiction
• Megapolis, built by merging several cities and their suburbs.
• Metropolis can refer to the mother city of a colony, the see of a metropolitan archbishop or a Metropolitan area — a major urban population centre.
• Necropolis 'city of the dead' — a graveyard.
• Technopolis — city with high-tech industry; room full of computers; the Internet.

Other refer to part of a city or a group of cities, such as: An Astropolis (from the Greek for city of stars) can be any of several things in different contexts. ... Cosmopolis is Don DeLillos thirteenth novel. ... Don DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American author best known for his novels, which paint detailed portraits of American life in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. ... The surface of the fictional world of Coruscant, the capital world of the Star Wars galaxy, and a popular example of an ecumenopolis. ... The eight planets and three dwarf planets of the Solar System. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Megacity, megapolis, or megalopolis is a general term for cities together with their suburbs or recognized metropolitan areas usually with a total population in excess of 10 million people. ... Athens Auckland Bangkok Beirut Berlin Buenos Aires Calgary Chicago Denver Detroit Frankfurt am Main Hong Kong Jakarta Johannesburg Karachi London Los Angeles Madrid Manila Melbourne Mexico City Miami Montreal Mumbai Moscow New York City Osaka Paris Santiago Seattle São Paulo Seoul Shanghai Singapore Sydney Tel Aviv Tokyo Toronto Vancouver... Metropolitan area in Western Tokyo as seen from Tokyo Tower A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large city and its adjacent zone of influence, or of several neighboring cities or towns and adjoining areas, with one or more large cities serving as its hub or... For the record label, see Necropolis Records. ... Graves at Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York A cemetery is a place (usually an enclosed area of land) in which dead bodies are buried. ... Technopolis is a term coined from the word technology and the suffix -polis, which means city in Greek. ...

• Acropolis 'high city' — upper part of a polis, often citadel and/or site of major temple(s).
• Decapolis a group of ten cities
• Pentapolis a group of five cities
• Tripolis, a group of three cities, retained in the names of a Tripoli in Libya and a namesake in Lebanon

Acropolis of Athens from the south-west with the Propylaea and the Temple of Nike (left centre) and the theatre of Herodes Atticus (below left) Acropolis (Gr. ... The oval forum and cardo of Gerasa (Jerash) The Decapolis (Greek: deka, ten; polis, city) was a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in Syria and Judea (renamed Palestine in 135 AD). ... A Pentapolis, from the Greek words penta five and polis city(-state) is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities. ... Tripoli (population 1 million, Arabic: Ţarabulus) is the capital of Libya. ...

Names

In Cyprus there is a town called Polis Northern Republic of Cyprus, identified with the Ancient Lampa. Polis (or Polis Chrysochous, in Greek Πόλις Χρυσοχούς) is a small town at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve. ... Lampa has different uses: As a word meaning lamp, e. ...

Names of a number of places contain the suffix "-polis" (sometimes modernized, e.g. "-pol") since Antiquity, e.g.:

• Acropolis, Athens, Greece
• (H)Adrianopolis, various cities, the main one being Adrianople, the present Edirne
• Alexandropol, the former name for Gyumri, Armenia
• Constantinople (Constantinopolis), now known as Istanbul (from is tin Poli 'to "the" city' being Byzantium)
• Daugavpils
• Heliopolis
• Heracleopolis
• Hermopolis, a name for several cities in ancient Egypt
• Megalopolis, Greece
• Neapoli(s) 'new city' — common name for daughter foundations of older polis in ancient Greece and Rome including the modern cities of Nablus and Naples. The adjective Neapolitan is often used to describe things that have their origin in Naples.
• Neuropolis: a virtual micronation, established in 2007, claiming the former UK army artificial island (Fort Knock John) as its aspirational homeland — it being 12 miles off the coast of Kent and therefore out of UK jurisdiction. [[1]].
• Persepolis
• Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine
• Seuthopolis, a ruined Thracian city now in Bulgaria
• Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
• Sozopol, Bulgarian Thrace
• Tiraspol, Moldova

In other cases the term is hardly still recognizable, e.g.: The Acropolis of Athens, seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west. ... Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ... Selimiye Mosque, built by Sinan in 1575 Edirne (Greek: Αδριανούπολη, Bulgarian: Одрин) is a city in Thrace, the westernmost part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. ... Gyumri (Armenian: Ô³ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ´Ö€Õ«) is the capital and largest city of the Shirak province in northwest Armenia. ... Map of Constantinople. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Daugavpils (Belarusian Дзьвінск Dźvinsk, Russian Двинcк Dvinsk, Lithuanian Daugpilis, German Dünaburg, Polish Dźwinów, DźwiÅ„sk or Dyneburg, Yiddish דענענבורג Denenburg), population 115,265 in 2000 census) is the second largest city in Latvia. ... Heliopolis (Greek: or ), was one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, and capital of the 13th Lower Egyptian nome. ... Herakleopolis Magna is the Greek name of the capital of the Twentieth nome of ancient Egypt. ... Hermopolis (Greek: Hermes town) was the name of several ancient cities in Egypt, including: Hermopolis Magna, the capital of the 15th nome of Upper Egypt Hermopolis (Lower Egypt), the capital of the 15th nome of Lower Egypt Hermopolis Parva, a large city of the 3rd nome of Lower Egypt Hermopolis... Ancient Megalopolis, or now Megalópoli (Μεγαλοπολη) is a town in the western part of the prefecture of Arcadia. ... Neapoli is the name of the following cities and communities: Neapoli,_Thessaloniki, Greece is a municipality in Thessaloniki conurbation. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... “Napoli” redirects here. ... A Neapolitan is a resident of Naples, Italy or the language of Naples, the surrounding region of Campania, and most of southern Italy. ... Persepolis aerial view. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Sevastopol highlighted. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ... Seuthopolis (near Kazanluk) was an ancient city founded by the Thracian king Seuthes the III. It was a small city, built on the site of an earlier settlement. ... Simferopol (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: , literally: The white mosque) is the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in southern Ukraine. ... Sozopol (Bulgarian: Созопол, Greek: Σωζοπολης) is a small, ancient town located 30 km south of Burgas, Bulgaria. ... County Transnistria Status Municipality/Capital Mayor Viktor Kostyrko, since 2003 Area 85 km² Population (2005) 159 163 Geographical coordinates 46°51′ N 29°38′ E Web site http://www. ...

• Antipolis, now Antibes, in southern France

Furthermore it may be ued for latinization, e.g. for ecclesiastical use, such as Floropolis (for St-Flour, an episcopal see in France) Antipolis, Greek for city opposite (another), is the name or part of the name of: modern Antibes Sophia-Antipolis It is also the name of a tanker ship. ... Saint-Flour is a commune of the Cantal département, in France. ...

Such names were also given later, either referring to older ones or unrelated:

• Anápolis, Brazil
• Annapolis, MD
• Biopolis — a biological research center in Singapore.
• Cambysopolis, a Catholic titular see in Asia Minor, the name being a curious accidental 'creation'
• Indianapolis, IN
• Kannapolis, NC
• Minneapolis, MN
• Motherwell — nicknamed Steelopolis
• Petrópolis, the Brazilian imperial capital, after Pedro I
• Sebastopol, CA
• Sophia-Antipolis, a technology park in France

And the enterprise: Anápolis is the second largest city in the State of Goiás in Brazil. ... City nickname: Americas Sailing Capital Location in the state of Maryland Founded 1649 Mayor Ellen O. Moyer (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 19. ... Biopolis is a regional and international research and development centre located in Singapore for biomedical sciences. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Indianapolis skyline Indianapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana. ... Kannapolis is a city in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, next to Concord and northeast of Charlotte. ... This article is about the city in Minnesota. ... High flats in Motherwell Brandon Parade, the main shopping street in Motherwell, on a typical Saturday Motherwell (Tobar na Màthar in Gaelic) is a large town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, south east of Glasgow. ... Petrópolis, also known as The Imperial City of Brazil, is a town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, about 60 km from the states capital. ... Sebastopol is a town in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately 52 miles north of San Francisco. ... Sophia Antipolis is a technology park northwest of Antibes and southwest of Nice, France. ...

• Micropolis Corporation — a defunct computer hard drive manufacturer.

Micropolis Corporation was a SCSI hard drive manufacturing company located in Chatsworth, California. ... Typical hard drives of the mid-1990s. ...

Notes

Further reading

• Hansen, Mogens Herman. Polis: An Introduction to the Ancient Greek City-State. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 0-19-920849-2; paperback, ISBN 0-19-920850-6).

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Mogens Herman Hansen (b. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

See also

• apoikia
• synoecism