Polish copy of Enigma.

In February 1933, the Polish Cipher Bureau ordered copies of the military Enigma machine from the AVA Radio Workshops in Warsaw building. Fifteen "made in Poland" Enigma's with plugboard had been delivered by 1934. About seventy such units were produced. The Biuro Szyfrów ( (?), Polish for Cipher Bureau) was the Polish agency concerned with cryptology between World Wars I and II. The Bureau enjoyed notable successes against Soviet cryptography during the Polish-Soviet War, helping to preserve Polands independence. ... The grill (Polish: ruszt), in cryptology, was a method used, chiefly early on, by the mathematician-cryptologists of the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Enigma machine ciphers. ... The clock, in cryptology, was a method devised by Polish mathematician-cryptologist Jerzy Różycki, at the Polish General Staffs Cipher Bureau, to facilitate decrypting German Enigma messages. ... Diagram of cyclometer, from Marian Rejewski’s papers The cyclometer was a cryptologic device designed by the Polish Cipher Bureau (BS-4) to help decrypt the German Enigma machine during the 1930s. ... The card catalog, or catalog of characteristics, in cryptology, was a system designed, and first completed about 1935, by Polish Cipher Bureau mathematician-cryptologist Marian Rejewski to facilitate decrypting German Enigma messages. ... The bomba (plural bomby) was a special-purpose codebreaking machine designed by Polish cryptanalysts and used to crack the German Enigma machine prior to World War II. A bomba was designed to exploit an obscure but fatal weakness in the Enigma cipher. ... The method of perforated sheets was a codebreaking technique used against the Enigma machine (see Cryptanalysis of the Enigma). ... The Lacida (or LCD) was a rotor cipher machine designed before World War II by the Polish Cipher Bureau for wartime use by Polish higher commands. ... Rendering of the Saxon Palace, as it is to be rebuilt. ... Kabaty is the southernmost neighborhood of the city of Warsaw, located in its Ursynów district. ... PC Bruno was the code name for the intelligence station operated at a farmhouse in the west of France to which French cryptanalysts retired after Paris was captured by the Germans in 1940. ... Polish-French Cadix radio-intelligence team, southern France, 1940-1942. ... Maksymilian Ciężki (1899–November 9, 1951) was the head of the German section of the Polish Cipher Bureau during the 1930s, during which time the organisation was able to decrypt German Enigma messages. ... From left: Jan Graliński, Jerzy Różycki and Piotr Smoleński at Cadix in southern France. ... Lt. ... Gwido Langer (died March 30, 1948) was chief of the Polish General Staffs Cipher Bureau from at least mid-1931. ... Stanislaw Lesniewski (March 30, 1886–May 13, 1939) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher and logician. ... Stefan Mazurkiewicz (born September 25, 1888 in Warsaw, Poland - died June 19, 1945, Grodzisk Mazowiecki) was a Polish mathematician who worked in mathematical analysis, topology, and probability. ... Wiktor Michałowski (died 1973) was a Polish Army officer who worked at the interbellum Polish Cipher Bureaus German section, . Reportedly he participated, as a lieutenant, in the initial, unsuccessful Polish attempts to break the German Enigma cipher, along with then-Lt. ... Former civilian cryptanalyst with the General Staff Biuro Szyfrów (Cipher Bureau) German Section (BS4). ... Major Franciszek Pokorny was a Polish Army officer who headed the Polish General Staffs Cipher Bureau before Major (eventually, Lt. ... Marian Rejewski (probably 1932, the year he first solved the Enigma machine). ... Jerzy Różycki, about 1928. ... Wacław Franciszek Sierpiński (March 14, 1882 — October 21, 1969), a Polish mathematician, was born and died in Warsaw. ... From left: Jan Graliński, Jerzy Różycki and Piotr Smoleński at Cadix in southern France. ... Henryk Zygalski, about 1930. ... The Biuro Szyfrów ( (?), Polish for Cipher Bureau) was the Polish agency concerned with cryptology between World Wars I and II. The Bureau enjoyed notable successes against Soviet cryptography during the Polish-Soviet War, helping to preserve Polands independence. ... A three-rotor German military Enigma machine showing, from bottom to top, the plugboard, the keyboard, the lamps and the finger-wheels of the rotors emerging from the inner lid (version with labels). ... In cryptography, a plugboard (sometimes stecker or comutator) was a component of certain rotor machines, including some Enigma models, that exchanged letters of the alphabet. ...

Precious gift

The two Enigma doubles were shipped to Paris and London in 1939. Until then, German military Enigma traffic had utterly defeated the British and French, and they had faced the disturbing prospect that German communications would remain "black" to them for the duration of the coming war.

See also

• Cipher Bureau
• Saxon Palace, in Warsaw, where German Enigma ciphers were first broken (December 1932).
• Cryptologic methods and technology
  • "ANX method"
  • Enigma "doubles" (1932)
  • Grill
  • Clock
  • Cyclometer (1934)
  • Card catalog (1935)
  • Cryptologic bomb (1938): a machine designed by Marian Rejewski to facilitate the retrieval of Enigma keys.
  • Zygalski sheets (1938): invented by Henryk Zygalski and called "perforated sheets" by the Poles, the device made possible the reconstitution of the Enigma's entire cipher key.

The Biuro Szyfrów ( (?), Polish for Cipher Bureau) was the Polish agency concerned with cryptology between World Wars I and II. The Bureau enjoyed notable successes against Soviet cryptography during the Polish-Soviet War, helping to preserve Polands independence. ... Pałac Saski. ... The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalytic where the attacker has samples of both the plaintext and its encrypted version (ciphertext) and is at liberty to make use of them to reveal further secret information; typically this is the secret key. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The grill (Polish: ruszt), in cryptology, was a method used, chiefly early on, by the mathematician-cryptologists of the Polish Cipher Bureau in decrypting German Enigma machine ciphers. ... The clock, in cryptology, was a method devised by Polish mathematician-cryptologist Jerzy Różycki, at the Polish General Staffs Cipher Bureau, to facilitate decrypting German Enigma messages. ... Diagram of cyclometer, from Marian Rejewski’s papers The cyclometer was a cryptologic device designed by the Polish Cipher Bureau (BS-4) to help decrypt the German Enigma machine during the 1930s. ... The card catalog, or catalog of characteristics, in cryptology, was a system designed, and first completed about 1935, by Polish Cipher Bureau mathematician-cryptologist Marian Rejewski to facilitate decrypting German Enigma messages. ... The bomba (plural bomby) was a special-purpose codebreaking machine designed by Polish cryptanalysts and used to crack the German Enigma machine prior to World War II. A bomba was designed to exploit an obscure but fatal weakness in the Enigma cipher. ... Marian Rejewski (probably 1932, the year he first solved the Enigma machine). ... The method of perforated sheets was a codebreaking technique used against the Enigma machine (see Cryptanalysis of the Enigma). ... Henryk Zygalski, about 1930. ...

References

• Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984.

• Władysław Kozaczuk, Jerzy Straszak, Enigma: How the Poles Broke the Nazi Code, Hippocrene Books, 2004, ISBN 0-7818-0941-X.

• Zbigniew Brzezinski, "The Unknown Victors". pp.15–18, in Jan Stanislaw Ciechanowski, ed. Marian Rejewski 1905–1980, Living with the Enigma secret. 1st ed. Bydgoszcz: Bydgoszcz City Council, 2005, ISBN 83-7208-117-4.