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Politburo is short for Political Bureau. The term originates either from the Russian Politicheskoye Buro, which contracts to Politburo. A Politburo is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably for Communist Parties. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ...
In modern usage, the term communist party is generally used to identify any political party which has adopted communist ideology. ...
Marxist-Leninist states In Marxist-Leninist states, the party is seen as "the vanguard of the people" and therefore usually has the power to control the state, and the non-state party officials in the politburo generally hold extreme power. This article is about a form of government in which the state operates under the control of a Communist Party. ...
In the Soviet Union for example, the General Secretary of the Communist Party did not necessarily hold a state office like president or prime minister to effectively control the system of government. Instead, party members answerable to or controlled by the party held these posts, often as honorific posts as a reward for their long years of service to the party. On other occasions, having governed as General Secretary, the party leader might assume a state office in addition. For example, Mikhail Gorbachev initially did not hold the presidency of the Soviet Union, that office being given as an honour to former Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko. Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for well over a decade before assuming the governmental position of Premier of the Soviet Union during World War II. The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (First Secretary in 1953-1966) was the title synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenins death in 1924. ...
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( , Michail SergeeviÄ GorbaÄëv), IPA: , surname more accurately romanized as Gorbachyov; born March 2, 1931) was the last leader of the Soviet Union, serving from 1985 until its collapse in 1991. ...
Andrei Gromyko Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (ÐндреÌй ÐндреÌевич ГромыÌко) (July 18 (July 5, Old Style), 1909 – July 2, 1989) was Minister for Foreign Affairs and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. ...
Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილ...
Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of Peoples Commissars of the USSR (ПредÑедатель Совета Ðародных КомиÑÑаров СССР; Predsedatel Soveta Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR) (1923-1946) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (ПредÑедатель Совета МиниÑтров СССР; Predsedatel Soveta Ministrov SSSR) (1946-1991), who...
Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...
In theory, the Party Congress elects a Central Committee which, in turn, elects a General Secretary. Under Stalin however, this model was essentially reversed and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Committee. At other times the manner in which the membership of Politburos was determined in both the Soviet Union and abroad was influenced by various factors such as the strength of various formal or informal factions within the party, the waxing and waning authority of the General Secretary and the degree to which power was consolidated in that position, the strength or weakness of other leaders in the party, alliances among leading figures and the strength of their support among party members or various poles of power within the party or, in the case of ruling parties, the country. A Party Congress is a general conference of a political party. ...
Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ...
The term General Secretary (alternatively First Secretary) denotes a leader of various unions, parties or associations. ...
Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილ...
A faction is a special interest group. ...
Another factor for members of the Comintern aside from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the degree to which leading members of the party were in or out of favour with Moscow. The wishes of the Soviet leadership to promote or remove certain leaders, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s and again after Stalin's death, were particularly important. The general line promoted by Moscow often changed, sometimes quite abruptly - a phenomenon which tested the ability of local Communist leaders to conform with the new orthodoxy or, converserly, the ability of dissenting communist parties to maintain their independence. The Comintern (Russian: КоммуниÑтичеÑкий Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including...
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: КоммуниÑтиÌчеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐŸÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð¾Ð²ÐµÌÑ‚Ñкого СоюÌза = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the Russian...
Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ...
1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...
Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area - City 1,081 km² Population - City (2007) - Density 10,469,000 9684. ...
Trotskyist parties In Trotskyist parties, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee tasked with taking day-to-day political decisions, which must later be ratified by the Central Committee. It is appointed by the Central Committee from among its members. The post of General Secretary carries far less weight than in the Stalinist model. See, for example, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ...
Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ...
The Lanka Sama Samaja Party (literally Ceylon Equal Society Party, in Sinhala: ලංක෠සම සමà·à¶¢ පක්ෂය, in Tamil: லஙà¯à®•à®¾ சமசமாஜக௠கடà¯à®šà®¿) is a trotskyist political party in Sri Lanka. ...
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