Political egalitarianism is a term used to define a state of affairs in which the members of a society are of equal standing in terms of political power or influence. It is a founding principle of various forms of democracy.
Egalitarianism is the moral doctrine that equality ought to prevail throughout society.
Economic egalitarianism, popular with liberals throughout much of the 20th Century, has given way to a concern not that everyone be strictly equal in material possession, but rather that everyone be equal in having enough material goods to successfully fulfill his or her native human capacities.
Libertarianism can be understood as radical politicalegalitarianism, according to which everyone is equal (or nearly equal) in coercive political power, because no one has any (or those who have it have little and are strictly limited in their use of it).
Political rationalism emphasizes the employment of reason in social affairs: that is, individuals ought to submit to the logic and universality of reason rather than their own subjective or cultural preconceptions.
Politically, socialists claim that the free market system (capitalism) should be replaced or reformed, with most arguing for a radical redistribution of resources (usually to workers i.e., those socialists deem who do not presently own anything) and for the state or some form of democratic institution to take over the running of the economy.
The political philosophies of liberalism, socialism, conservativism and anarchism and all of their variants agree that the good life sought by political philosophy ought to be the good life for human beings.
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