Russia

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At the very beginning of his presidency, Vladimir Putin announced that he was going to consolidate political powers in Russia into the so-called power vertical. However, despite being considered successful by many, this controversial endeavour partially backfired and led to the increasing factionalism within the president's inner circle. Although other institutions now became largely irrelevant, disputes and clashes between Kremlin factions, rather than the president's will, are getting more and more important in determining major policy outcomes.^[1] The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of Russia. ... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president... The Security Council of the Russian Federation (SCRF)is an executive-level branch of the Russian that acts as a consulative body on national security affairs (Russian: Совет Безопасности РФ; Soviet Bezopasnosti). ... The Prime Minister of Russia is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ... Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: ) (born September 1, 1950) is a Russian politician, and the current Prime Minister of Russia. ... Mikhail Fradkovs Second Cabinet (since May 2004) is the twelfth cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation, preceded by Mikhail Fradkovs First Cabinet, which followed the cabinet led by Mikhail Kasyanov, who had been dismissed by President Vladimir Putin on February 24, 2004 shortly before the presidential... Federal Assembly of Russia (Федеральное Собрание) is the name of the parliament of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993. ... Federation Council of Russia (Russian: ; Sovet Federatsii) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... For other uses, see State Duma (disambiguation). ... The Russian judiciary has judicial appeal and judicial review at the level of the Supreme Court. ... Constitutional Court of Russian Federation (Russian: Конституционный Суд Российской Федерации) is a high court which is empowered to rule on whether or not certain laws or presidential decrees are in fact contrary to the Constitution of Russia. ... The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (Russian: ) is the final instance in administrative law, civil law and criminal law cases. ... The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the final instance in commercial disputes in Russia. ... The Public Chamber (In Russian: Общественная палата) is a state institution with 126 members created in 2005 in Russia to analyze draft legislation and monitor the activities of the parliament, government and other government bodies of Russia and its Federal Subjects. ... The State Council of the Russian Federation (Russian: Государственный Совет) is an advisory body to the Head of State, which deals with issues of the highest importance to the state as a whole. ... The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... Political parties in Russia lists political parties in Russia. ... Elections in Russia gives information on election and election results in Russia. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 26, 2000. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 14, 2004. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 7, 2003. ... Legislative elections will be held in the Russian Federation on December 2, 2007[1]. At stake are the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature). ... The Central Election Commission of Russia is the superior power body responsible for conducting federal elections and overseeing local elections in the Russian Federation founded in Spetember 1993. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... // The rights and liberties of the citizens of the Russian Federation are granted by the 2nd Chapter of the Constitution adopted in 1993. ... Regarding the foreign relations of Russia, Russia has taken important steps to become a full partner in the worlds principal political groupings. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of Russia. ...

As President Vladimir Putin, former employee of the Leningrad and Leningrad Oblast KGB Directorate and former Chief of the Committee for External Relations of Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office, had come to the presidency in 2000, many political observers noticed quick career promotion of bureaucracy and businesspeople from Saint Petersburg to the federal power bodies (especially the Presidential Executive Office, a very influential institution that has always been totally controlled by the presidential authority) and large state-controlled companies (such as Gazprom and Rosneft) and their struggle against old Moscow elites loyal to Boris Yeltsin's family, known as Family group as well as against influential media tycoon Boris Berezovsky and his allies, who helped Putin on his way to power in 1999 - 2000.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград) may mean: St. ... Leningrad Oblast (Russian: , tr. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for Committee for State Security, (Russian: ; Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ... The Saint Petersburg City Administration is the superior executive body of Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad), Russian Federation. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president... Gazprom (LSE: OGZD; Russian: , sometimes transcribed as Gasprom) is the largest Russian company and the biggest extractor of natural gas in the world. ... OAO Rosneft Oil Company is a Russian integrated oil company. ... Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: ) (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007[1]) was the first president of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. ... Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский) a. ...

History

During the final years of Boris Yeltsin's presidency, Alexander Voloshin, chief of the Presidential Executive Office, was considered to be the most influential figure within the Family group, somewhat shady though, dominating Russia's politics of that time [1] [2] [3]. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: ) (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007[1]) was the first president of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. ... Alexander Staliyevich Voloshin (Russian: Александр Стальевич Волошин) (b. ... The Russian presidential administration (also known as Staff of Russia’s president, Presidential Executive Office, in Russian: Администрация Президента Российской Федерации)) is the executive office of Russias president created by a decree of Boris Yeltsin on July 19, 1991 as an institution supporting the activity of the president (then Yeltsin) and vice-president...

In 1999 the Family group, Vladimir Putin, Boris Berezovsky and their allies united their efforts in order to prevent coming to power of the Fatherland-All Russia political alliance of former Prime Minster Yevgeny Primakov and Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov that was supported by media tycoon Vladimir Gusinsky and to some extent by the public opinion. The efforts were successful, but as soon as Putin had won the 2000 presidential election, an acute conflict with Boris Berezovsky developed, and in 2002 Berezovsky fled to London. As a result, Russian authorities consolidated their power over Russian TV companies NTV and ORT previously controlled by Vladimir Gusinsky and Boris Berezovsky, respectively. [4] [5] [6] Fatherland - All Russia (Russian: ) was a political block formed in 1999 by the Fatherland and All Russia blocks to take part in the 1999 State Duma election and led by Yevgeny Primakov, Yury Luzhkov and Vladimir Yakovlev. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: , Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Vladimir Gusinsky Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusinsky (Владимир Александрович Гусинский in Russian) (born 1952), a Russian media baron, is known as the founder of Media-Most holding that included Most Bank, the NTV channel, the newspaper Segodnya and magazines. ... Presidential elections were held in the Russian Federation on March 26, 2000. ... The Russian NTV channel (НТВ in Cyrillic) was a pioneer in the post-Soviet independent television media. ... Channel One (Russian: , Pervy Kanal) is one of Russias most poorly rated TV channels with the smallest reception area. ...

The Family group has also almost entirely lost its influence by 2004 after the dismissals of Alexander Voloshin (October 2003), Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov (February 2004) and some key figures of his Cabinet, but some of the group's members secured their political survival. Vladislav Surkov, initially being an aide to Voloshin, gained much influence, as well as Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov, who had leaned towards new Saint Petersburg elites and whose son had become Igor Sechin's son-in-law. Tycoon Roman Abramovich, who had leaned towards the Family group in the 1990s, also remained influential, as well as former Mass Media Minister Mikhail Lesin. Each of them, however, had already distanced away from the Family group by that time. Mikhail Mikhailovitch Kasyanov (Михаи́л Миха́йлович Касья́нов) (born 8 December 1957) was the Prime Minister of Russia from January 2000 to February 2004. ... Vladislav Surkov Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: Владислав Юрьевич Сурков) (b. ... Vladimir Ustinov Vladimir Vasilyevich Ustinóv (Russian: ) (born 25 February 1953 in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur) is the current Minister of Justice in Russia. ... Igor Ivanovich Sechin (Russian: Игорь Иванович Сечин, born September 7, 1960, Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman. ... Son in Law is a 1993 film starring Pauly Shore, Carla Gugino, Lane Smith, Cindy Pickett and Tiffani Thiessen. ... Roman Arkadyevich Abramovich (IPA: ) (Russian: ) (born 24 October 1966 in Saratov, Russia) is a Russian oil billionaire and the main owner of private investment company Millhouse Capital, referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs. ...

As the Family group had lost its influence, especially during Vladimir Putin's second four-year presidential term (since May 7, 2004), some conflicts between parts of the new elites of Saint Petersburg origin became evident, as witnessed e.g. by the disputes over the fate of YUKOS, failed project of merging Rosneft and Gazprom, struggle for Sibneft and upcoming 2008 presidential election, some appointments and dismissals in Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet and consequences of the Three Whales Corruption Scandal, but the exact configuration of these new groups still remains unclear. However, it is widely acknowledged that Igor Sechin and Dmitry Medvedev are key figures heading their own factions and opposed to each other but both very close to Putin. Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov is considered close ally of Sechin. ([7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30]) is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Yukos Oil Company (ОАО НК ЮКОС) is a petroleum company in Russia which, until recently, was controlled by Russian billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky and a number of prominent Russian businessmen. ... OAO Rosneft Oil Company is a Russian integrated oil company. ... Gazprom (LSE: OGZD; Russian: , sometimes transcribed as Gasprom) is the largest Russian company and the biggest extractor of natural gas in the world. ... Sibneft (Сибне́фть in Russian) is Russias fifth largest oil producing and refining company. ... ‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ... Mikhail Fradkovs Second Cabinet (since May 2004) is the twelfth cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation, preceded by Mikhail Fradkovs First Cabinet, which followed the cabinet led by Mikhail Kasyanov, who had been dismissed by President Vladimir Putin on February 24, 2004 shortly before the presidential... The Three Whales Corruption Scandal is a major corruption scandal in Russia involving several furniture companies and federal government bodies which has unfolded since 2000. ... Igor Ivanovich Sechin (Russian: Игорь Иванович Сечин, born September 7, 1960, Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman. ... Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (Russian: Дмитрий Анатольевич Медведев)(b. ... Mikhail Yefimovich Fradkov (Russian: ) (born September 1, 1950) is a Russian politician, and the current Prime Minister of Russia. ...

Personalities

This is a list of people who had ties with Vladimir Putin or his closest allies in Saint Petersburg and have been quickly promoted to important positions under him as FSB Director, Prime Minister and President. The list is arranged by the probable origin of their ties.

Colleagues of Putin at the Leningrad and Leningrad Oblast KGB Directorate

Alexander Bortnikov (considered an ally of Igor Sechin) [31]

Viktor Cherkesov [32]

Valery Golubev (also worked in Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office) [33]

Sergei Ivanov [34]

Nikolay Patrushev (classmate of Boris Gryzlov and Sergei Smirnov) [35]

Georgy Poltavchenko [36]

Sergei Smirnov (classmate of Nikolay Patrushev and Boris Gryzlov, fellow student of Boris Gryzlov at the institute) [37]

Alexander Vasilyevich Bortnikov (in Russian: , b. ... Viktor Vasilyevich Cherkesov (Russian: , b. ... Sergei Ivanov at a press conference following the meeting of the NATO-Russia Council, Colorado Springs - 9 October 2003 June 6, 2002 Sergei Borisovich Ivanov (Серге́й Бори́сович Ивано́в in Russian) (born January 31, 1953, Leningrad) is a first deputy prime minister of Russia and former minister of defense (March 2001-February 2007). ... Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev (Николай Платонович Патрушев) (born July 11, 1951) is the director of the Russian FSB, the successor organization of the KGB. He became director of the... Georgy Poltavchenkois the current Presidential Envoy to Central Federal District. ... Sergei Mikhailovich Smirnov (Russian: , b. ...

…and participants of the Soviet war in Afghanistan

Alexander Grigoryev [38]

Alexander Gromov [39]

Viktor Ivanov (business partner of Boris Gryzlov) [40]

Combatants Soviet Union, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Afghan and foreign Mujahideen rebels supported by United States, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, China Commanders Soviet forces only Sergei Sokolov, Boris Gromov, Valentin Varennikov Abdul Haq, Jalaluddin Haqqani, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Ismail Khan, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Rahimuddin Khan Akhtar Abdur... Alexander Andreyevich Grigoryev (in Russian: , b. ... Viktor Petrovich Ivanov (Russian: Виктор Петрович Иванов, born May 12, 1950, Novgorod, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman, former KGB officer, who served in the KGB Directorate of Leningrad and its successors in 1977 - 1994. ...

People that have got acquainted with Putin during his work in Dresden

Andrey Belyaninov [41]

Sergey Chemezov [42]

Employees of the Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office Committee for External Relations led by Putin in 1991-1996

Vladimir Churov

Dmitry Medvedev [43]

Alexey Miller [44]

Igor Sechin (father-in-law of Vladimir Ustinov's son and a close associate of Sergey Bogdanchikov and Gennady Timchenko) [45]

Viktor Zubkov (father-in-law of Anatoly Serdyukov and unsuccessful contender in the 1999 Leningrad Oblast Governor election assisted by Boris Gryzlov as his campaign manager) [46]

Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (Russian: Дмитрий Анатольевич Медведев)(b. ... Alexei Miller is Executive Vice President of Project Management at DataArt. ... Igor Ivanovich Sechin (Russian: Игорь Иванович Сечин, born September 7, 1960, Leningrad, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician and businessman. ... Viktor Alexeyevich Zubkov (Russian: ; b. ...

Colleagues of Putin from other committees of Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office

German Gref [47]

Dmitry Kozak [48]

Alexey Kudrin (started his promotion before Putin) [49]

Sergei Naryshkin [50]

Valery Nazarov [51]

German Oskarovich Gref (Russian: Герман Оскарович Греф, born February 8, 1964) is the Minister of Economics and Trade of Russia. ... Dmitry Kozak Dmitry Nikolayevich Kozak (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Козáк) (b. ...

Fellow students of Dmitry Medvedev at the Law Department of Leningrad State University graduated in 1987

Konstantin Chuychenko [52]

Anton Ivanov [53]

Nikolay Vinnichenko [54]

Ilya Yeliseyev [55]

Categories: Russia-related stubs | Universities and colleges in Russia | Saint Petersburg ...

Colleagues of Nikolay Patrushev from the Karelian KGB Directorate of the early 1990s

Vladimir Anisimov

Rashid Nurgaliyev [56]

Vladimir Pronichev [57]

Yury Zaostrovtsev [58]

Rashid Gumarovich Nurgaliyev (Рашид Гумарович Нургалиев) is the minister of the interior of Russia. ... General of the Army Vladimir Yegorovich Pronichev is the current head of the Border Guard Service of the Russian Federation. ... Yury Yevgenyevich Zaostrovtsev (in Russian: , b. ...

Other close assiociates of Vladimir Putin

Boris Gryzlov (classmate of Nikolay Patrushev and Sergei Smirnov, business partner of Viktor Ivanov, ally of Viktor Zubkov) [59]

Andrei Fursenko [60]

Mikhail Kovalchuk [61]

Yury Kovalchuk [62]

Vladimir Kozhin [63]

Sergey Mironov [64]

Sergey Pugachyov

Leonid Reiman [65]

Anatoly Serdyukov (son-in-law of Viktor Zubkov, ally of Viktor Ivanov) [66]

Vladimir Smirnov [67]

Sergey Sobyanin (ally of Surgutneftegaz CEO Vladimir Bogdanov) [68]

Vladislav Surkov (former ally of Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Alexander Voloshin) [69]

Gennady Timchenko [70]

Vladimir Ustinov (previously loyal to Boris Yeltsin's family, now a close ally of Igor Sechin) [71]

Vladimir Yakunin [72]

Viktor Zolotov (bodyguard of Putin in the 1990s) [73]

Boris Gryzlov Boris Vyacheslavovich Gryzlov or Boris Grizlov (Russian: Борис Вячеславович Грызлов) (b. ... Sergey Mironov Sergey Mironov (Russian: Сергей Миронов )(b. ... Sergey Viktorovich Pugachyov (Russian: , b. ... Leonid Dododzhonovich Reiman (Russian: Леонид Дододжонович Рейман; born July 12, 1957 in Leningrad) is a Russian politician. ... Vladimir Alexeyevich Smirnov (in Russian: Владимир Алексеевич Смирнов, b. ... Sergey Semyonovich Sobyanin Sergey Semyonovich Sobyanin (Russian: ; born July 21, 1958 in the village of Nyaksimvol of Beryozovsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) is the governor of Tyumen Oblast, Russian state and political figure, head of the Administration of the President of Russia. ... JSC Surgutneftegaz (MICEX:SNGS RTS:SNGS) is a major oil and gas joint stock company of Russia that united several previously state-owned enterprises with large oil and gas reserves in Western Siberia in 1993 after the collapse of the Soviet Union. ... Vladimir Bogdanov (Владимир Богданов in Russian) (born in 1951), President of Surgutneftegaz, Russias second largest oil company. ... Vladislav Surkov Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Russian: Владислав Юрьевич Сурков) (b. ... The quality of this article or section may be compromised by peacock terms. You can help Wikipedia by removing peacock terms. ... Alexander Staliyevich Voloshin (Russian: Александр Стальевич Волошин) (b. ... Vladimir Ustinov Vladimir Vasilyevich Ustinóv (Russian: ) (born 25 February 1953 in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur) is the current Minister of Justice in Russia. ... Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: ) (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007[1]) was the first president of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999. ... Vladimir Yakunin Vladimir Ivanovich Yakunin (Russian: Владимир Иванович Якунин; born June 30, 1948 in Vladimir region), is a Russian official, head of state-run Russian Railways company. ...

Notes

1. ^ *The Siloviki in Putin’s Russia: Who They Are and What They Want by Ian Bremmer and Samuel Charap, The Washington Quarterly 30.1 (2006-2007).
2. ^ Происхождение путинской олигархии (Origins of Putin's oligarchy) by Vladimir Pribylovsky (2005).
3. ^ Back in business - how Putin's allies are turning Russia into a corporate state by Neil Buckley and Arkady Ostrovsky, The Financial Times, June 19, 2006.
4. ^ Meet the chief exec of Kremlin inc ... by Nick Paton Walsh, The Guardian, July 6, 2005.
5. ^ St. Petersburg Team Building Their Own ’Family’ by Dmitry Koptev, The Moscow News, July 28, 2004,
6. ^ As Russian's Trial Ends, So Does Era Of First Oligarchs by Peter Finn, The Washington Post, April 27, 2005.

Ian Bremmer (born November 12, 1969) is a political scientist specializing on US foreign policy, states in transition, and global political risk. ... The Washington Quarterly is a journal of international affairs, analyzing global strategic changes and their public policy implications, published by the Center for Strategic and International Studies and the MIT Press. ... Vladimir Valerianovich Pribylovsky (Russian: , b. ... The Financial Times building The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive salmon pink broadsheet paper. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. ...

External links

• The Siloviki in Putin’s Russia: Who They Are and What They Want by Ian Bremmer and Samuel Charap, The Washington Quarterly 30.1 (2006-2007).
• Происхождение путинской олигархии (Origins of Putin's oligarchy) by Vladimir Pribylovsky (2005).