European Union
This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the European Union Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ...
Treaties
Rome · Maastricht (Pillars) Amsterdam · Nice · Lisbon
Institutions
Commission President José Manuel Barroso Barroso Commission The treaties of the European Union are effectively its constitutional law, making up the EUs primary legislation. ... The Treaty of Rome signing ceremony Signatures in the Treaty The Treaty of Rome refers to the treaty which established the European Economic Community (EEC) and was signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg on March 25, 1957. ... The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty of European Union, TEU) was signed on February 7, 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands after final negotiations in December 1991 between the members of the European Community and entered into force on November 1, 1993 during the Delors Commission. ... The Treaty of Maastricht which established the European Union, divided EU policies into three main areas, called pillars. ... Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts The Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, commonly known as the Amsterdam Treaty, was signed on... Treaty of Nice The Treaty of Nice is a treaty adopted in Nice by the European Council to amend the two founding treaties of the European Union: the Treaty on European Union, or Maastricht Treaty, which introduced the Euro and the 3-pillar structure of the EU; the Treaty of... For other uses, see Treaty of Lisbon (disambiguation). ... There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union. ... Berlaymont, the Commissions seat The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... José Manuel Durão Barroso, GCC (pronounced  ) (born in Porto, March 23, 1956) is a Portuguese politician and the 11th President of the European Commission, being the first Portuguese person to hold the post. ... The Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 31 October 2009. ...
Parliament President Hans-Gert Pöttering MEPs (2004-09 term) Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... The President of the European Parliament oversees all the activities of the European Parliament and its constituent bodies. ... Hans-Gert Pöttering (often written as Poettering; born September 15, 1945 in Bersenbrück, Lower Saxony) is a German conservative politician (CDU,European Peoples Party), and has been President of the European Parliament since January 2007. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... This is a list giving breakdowns of the European Parliamentary session from 2004 to 2009. ...
Council Presidency: Slovenia (Janez Janša) High Representative · Voting Established 1952 Presiding Country Portugal President Luís Amado President in Office José Sócrates Members 27 (at one time) Political parties 7, including: European Peoples Party Party of European Socialists Meeting place Justus Lipsius, Brussels, Belgium, European Union Web site http://www. ... The Presidency of the Council of the European Union refers to the responsibility of presiding over all aspects of the Council of the European Union, when exercised collectively by a government, on a pre-established rota of the member states, of the European Union. ... Janez JanÅ¡a (born September 17, 1958 as Ivan JanÅ¡a) in Ljubljana is a Slovenian politician and head of the Slovenian Democratic Party since 1995. ... The Common Foreign and Security Policy or CFSP was established as the second of the three pillars of the European Union in the Maastricht treaty of 1992, and further defined and broadened in the Amsterdam Treaty of 1997. ... The procedures for Voting in the Council of the European Union are described in the treaties of the EU. The Council of the European Union was instituted under this name in the Maastricht Treaty. ...
Other & Future Institutions Court of Justice · Court of Auditors Central Bank · European Council There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union. ... There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union. ... Official emblem of the ECJ The Court of Justice of the European Communities, usually called the European Court of Justice (ECJ), is the highest court in the European Union (EU). ... The European Court of Auditors is one of five institutions of the European Union. ... This article deals with the meeting of European Union leaders. ...
Elections
Last election (2004) · 2007 by-election Next election (2009) · Constituencies Parties · Parliamentary groups
Related topics
States · Enlargement · Foreign relations Law · EMU · Other bodies · Agencies
Other countries · Atlas  Politics Portal view • talk • edit

The European Parliament is unique among supranational assemblies because it organizes itself around ideological, rather than national, groups.^[1] These political groups of the European Parliament are groups of MEPs. In some cases a Group is the formal representation of a European political party in the Parliament, in others it is a political coalition of a number of European parties, national parties and independent politicians. Elections in the European Union gives information on election and election results in the European Union. ... Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... In early 2007, Bulgaria and Romania will elect their members of the European Parliament for the first time. ... Elections to the European Parliament will be held in June 2006 in the then–27 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... European Parliament electoral system is proportional representation. ... The European political party, or formally political party at European level, is a type of political party organization in the European Union, eligible to receive funding from the Union. ... // Origins of the EU History of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Euratom Single market. ... Austria Poland Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech   Rep. ... The European Union (EU) was created by six founding states in 1957 (following the earlier establishment by the same six states of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952) and has grown to 27 member states. ... Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Austria Foreign relations of Belgium Foreign relations of Cyprus Foreign relations of the Czech Republic Foreign relations of Denmark Foreign relations of Estonia Foreign relations of Finland Foreign relations of France Foreign relations of Germany Foreign relations of Greece Foreign relations... The Law of the European Union is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States of the European Union (EU). ... For the concept in general, see economic and monetary union. ... There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union. ... The agencies of the European Union (or decentralised bodies of the European Union) are bodies which are distinct from the European Unions institutions, in that they have not been created by the treaties but rather by acts of secondary legislation, in order to accomplish a very specific task. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... A European political party, formally a political party at European level, sometimes informally (especially in academic circles) a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe. ... A political alliance or political coalition is an agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election to mutually benefit by collectively clearing election thresholds or otherwise benefiting from characteristics of the voting system or for government formation after elections. ... In politics, an independent is a politician who is not affiliated with any political party. ...

Groups are not parties, but looser coalitions. But each Group is assumed to have a set of core principles, and Groups that cannot demonstrate this may be disbanded (see below). These core principles fall into distinct categories, and those categories encompass the whole range of political thought.

Requirements and privileges

Working together in Groups benefits European political parties: for example, the European Free Alliance (5 MEPs) and the European Greens (37 MEPs) have more power by working together in the European Greens–European Free Alliance Group (42 MEPs) than they would have as stand-alone parties, bringing their causes much-needed additional support. Further incentives for co-operating in Groups include financial subsidies from the Parliament and guaranteed seats on committees^[2] which are not afforded to Independent MEPs. The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a grouping of various political parties in Europe who believe in either full political independence (statehood), or some form of devolution or self-government for their country or region. ... European Greens (or the European Green Party) is the name of the European Green Party, a political party at European level. ... Logo of the European Federation of Green Parties - EFA The European Greens – European Free Alliance (The Greens - European Free Alliance; Greens - EFA; French: Le Groupe Verts - Alliance libre européenne; Les Verts - ALE, German Fraktion der Grünen/Freie Europäische Allianz) is one of the parliamentary groups in the...

For a Group to be formally recognised in the Parliament, it must fulfil the conditions laid down in Rule 29 of the European Parliament's Rules of Procedure. That Rule states that a Group must have MEPs elected in at least one-fifth of the Member States, must have at least twenty MEPs, must contain no MEP that is a member of another Group, and its MEPs must have a common political affinity. Provided these conditions are met, MEPs can theoretically create any Group they like. This was put to the test when MEPs attempted to create a far-right Group called "Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty" (ITS). This generated controversy and there were concerns about public funds going towards a far-right Group.^[2] Attempts to block the formation of ITS were unsuccessful, but they were blocked from gaining leading positions on committees, a right meant to be afforded to all Groups.^[3] Group logo Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (ITS) is a political group in the European Parliament composed of 23 members from European parties variously described as right-wing and nationalist. ...

Organisation

Groups may be based around a single European political party (e.g. the Socialist Group) or they can include more than one European party as well as national parties and independents^[4] (e.g. the Liberal Group). A European political party, formally a political party at European level, sometimes informally (especially in academic circles) a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... ALDE logo The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour lEurope) is a Group in the European Parliament. ...

Each Group appoints a leader, referred to as a "president", "co-ordinator" or "chair", who decides which way the Group should vote in Parliament. The chairs of each Group meet in the Conference of Presidents to decide what issues will be dealt with at the plenary session of the European Parliament. Groups can table motions for resolutions and table amendments to reports. The Conference of Presidents consists of the President of Parliament and the chairmen of the political groups (who may arrange to be represented by a member of their group) The Conference of Presidents meets approximately twice a month. ... Plenary session is a term often used in conferences to define the part of the conference when all members of all parties are in attendance. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild...

Current

The European Peoples Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats is a group in the European Parliament. ... The European Peoples Party (EPP) is the largest transnational European political party. ... For other uses, see European Democrats (disambiguation). ... Joseph Daul (born 13 April 1947 in Strasbourg) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the East of France. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... Martin Schulz Martin Schulz (born on 20 December 1955 in Hehlrath) is a German politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Chairman of the Socialist Group and . ... ALDE logo The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour lEurope) is a Group in the European Parliament. ... The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (founded in 1993) is a liberal party, mainly active in the European Union, composed of 49 national liberal and centrist parties from across Europe. ... For the eurosceptic informal grouping, see European Democrats. ... Graham Watson (born 23 March 1956) is a Member of the European Parliament for South West England for the Liberal Democrats. ... UEN logo The Union for Europe of the Nations is a nationalist and (mostly) euro-sceptic party grouping with seats in the European Parliament. ... The Alliance for Europe of the Nations is a pan-European political party that gathers nationalist parties from across the continent. ... Brian Crowley is an Irish politician and Member of the European Parliament for Ireland South. ... Cristiana Muscardini Cristiana Muscardini (born on 6 November 1948 in Cannobio (Verbania)) is a Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for North-West with the Alleanza Nazionale, Co-president of the Union for a Europe of Nations and sits on the European Parliaments Committee on International Trade. ... Logo of the European Federation of Green Parties - EFA The European Greens – European Free Alliance (The Greens - European Free Alliance; Greens - EFA; French: Le Groupe Verts - Alliance libre européenne; Les Verts - ALE, German Fraktion der Grünen/Freie Europäische Allianz) is one of the parliamentary groups in the... European Greens (or the European Green Party) is the name of the European Green Party, a political party at European level. ... The European Free Alliance (EFA) is a grouping of various political parties in Europe who believe in either full political independence (statehood), or some form of devolution or self-government for their country or region. ... Monica Frassoni is an Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament for the North West of Italy. ... Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Ash Wednesday 2004 at Biberach/Riss Daniel Marc Cohn-Bendit (born Montauban, France, April 4, 1945) is a European politician and was a leader of the student protesters during the May 1968 riots in France. ... GUE-NGL logo The European United Left–Nordic Green Left is a socialist and communist political grouping within the European Parliament. ... The European Left party is a political party at European level and an association of socialist and communist political parties in the European Union. ... The Nordic Green Left Alliance (NGLA) is a green and socialist political party at the European level founded in Reykjavík on February 1, 2004. ... Francis Wurtz is a French Member of the European Parliament. ... The Independence/Democracy Group in the European Parliament was set up on 20 July 2004. ... The Alliance of Independent Democrats in Europe (most commonly represented in French, as Alliance des Démocrates Indépendants en Europe) is an apparent European political party, whose existence is claimed by both itself and by the EUDemocrats[1]. Little, however, is known about the composition of the ADIE or... EUDemocrats (EUD) is an alliance of parties, movements and political organisations operating as a transnational Party at a European level (European political party), and incorporating members from both the centre-left and the centre-right. ... Nigel Paul Farage (born 3 April 1964 in Farnborough, Kent) is a British politician, and leader of the eurosceptic United Kingdom Independence Party. ... Jens-Peter Bonde Jens-Peter Bonde (born on 27 March 1948 in Åbenrå) is a Danish politician and Member of the European Parliament with the Junibevægelsen, Chairman of the Independence and Democracy and sits on the European Parliaments Committee on Constitutional Affairs. ... Non-Inscrits (English: Non-Attached; the English name is also official, but the French name is prevalent even in English texts) are Members of the European Parliament who do not sit in one of the political groups. ... Euronat (also known as EuroNet and Euro-Nat) is/was an effort by Jean-Marie Le Pen of Front National to gather all the Euronationalist parties of Europe. ...

Party relations

The Parliament does not form a government in the traditional sense and its politics have developed over consensual rather than adversarial lines.^[5] No single group has ever held a majority in Parliament.^[6] The two largest Groups are the Conservative and Christian Democrat Group (EPP-ED) and the Socialist Group (PES), which are based around the European political parties called the European People's Party (EPP) and the Party of European Socialists (also called PES). These two Groups have dominated the Parliament for much of its life, continuously holding between 50 and 70 percent of the seats together. The Socialists were the largest single party up to 1999, when they were overtaken by the People's Party.^[7][8] The European Peoples Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats is a group in the European Parliament. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... A European political party, formally a political party at European level, sometimes informally (especially in academic circles) a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe. ... The European Peoples Party (EPP) is the largest transnational European political party. ... The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ...

In 1987 the Single European Act came into force and, under the new cooperation procedure, the Parliament needed to obtain large majorities to make the most impact. So the People's Party and the Socialists came to an agreement to cooperate in the Parliament.^[9] This agreement became known as the "grand coalition" and, aside from a break in the fifth Parliament,^[10] it has dominated the Parliament for much of its life, regardless of necessity. The grand coalition is visible in the agreement between the two Groups to divide the five-year term of the President of the European Parliament equally between them, with a Socialist President for half the term and a People's President for the other half, regardless of the actual election result.^[5] The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the Treaty of Rome. ... The Cooperation procedure was one of the legislative procedures of the European Community, the 1st of the three pillars of the European Union. ... The President of the European Parliament oversees all the activities of the European Parliament and its constituent bodies. ...

Position of the liberals

Liberal Group leader Graham Watson MEP has denounced the grand coalition and has described the aim for the liberals in the following terms: "the challenge for us is not only to break the inherent conservatism of the grand coalition, where a failing EPP Europe is propped up by a Socialist poodle pinching the crumbs from the table" also expressing a desire to ensure that the posts of Commission President, Council President, Parliament President and High Representative are not carved up in an agreement between a the two groups to the exclusion of third parties.^[11] The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (founded in 1993) is a liberal party, mainly active in the European Union, composed of 49 national liberal and centrist parties from across Europe. ... Graham Watson (born 23 March 1956) is a Member of the European Parliament for South West England for the Liberal Democrats. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... The European Council, sometimes informally called the European Summit, is a meeting of the heads of state or government of the European Union, and the President of the European Commission (not to be confused with the Council of the European Union, or the Council of Europe). ... The President of the European Parliament oversees all the activities of the European Parliament and its constituent bodies. ... The High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy is the main coordinator of the Common Foreign and Security Policy within the European Union. ...

During the fifth term it was the liberals who were involved in a break in the grand coalition when they entered into an alliance with the People's Party, to the exclusion of the Socialists.^[10] This was reflected in the Presidency of the Parliament with the terms being shared between the EPP and the ELDR, rather than the EPP and PES^[12] as before. In the following term the liberals grew to 88 seats becoming the "Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe". This was the largest number of seats held by any third party in Parliament.^[11] ALDE logo The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour lEurope) is a Group in the European Parliament. ...

Break in the coalition

However liberal intervention has not been the only cause for a break in the grand coalition. There have been specific occasions where real left-right party politics have emerged, notably the resignation of the Santer Commission. When the initial allegations against the Commission Budget emerged, they were directed primarily against the Socialists Édith Cresson and Manuel Marín. PES supported the Commission and saw the issue as an attempt by the EPP to discredit their party ahead of the 1999 elections. EPP disagreed. Whilst the Parliament was considering rejecting the Community budget, President Jacques Santer argued that a "No" vote would be tantamount to a vote of no confidence. PES leader Pauline Green MEP attempted a vote of confidence and the EPP put forward counter motions. During this period the two Groups adopted a government-opposition dynamic, with PES supporting the executive and EPP renouncing its previous coalition support and voting it down.^[13] The Santer Commission was the European Commission that held office from 1995 until 15 March 1999. ... Édith Cresson (born on 27 January 1934 as Édith Campion in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris) is a French politician. ... Manuel Marín (born 1950) is a politician from Spain. ... The European Union (EU) has an independent parliament and civil service which is distinct from those of the 27 member states. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... Jacques Santer (born May 18, 1937) is a politician from Luxembourg. ... A Motion of No Confidence, also called Motion of Non Confidence is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. ... Dame Pauline Green speaking at a co-operative meeting, 2005. ... Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. ...

In 2004 there was another notable break in the grand coalition. It occurred over the nomination of Rocco Buttiglione as European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security. The People's Party supported the appointment of Buttiglione, while the Socialists, who were also critics of the President-designate Jose Manuel Barroso, led the parties seeking Buttiglione's removal following his rejection (the first in EU history) by a Parliamentary committee. Barroso initially stood by his team and offered only small concessions, which were rejected by the Socialists. The People's Party demanded that if Buttiglione were to go, then a Socialist commissioner must also be sacrificed for balance.^[14] In the end, Italy withdrew Buttiglione and put forward Franco Frattini instead. Frattini won the support of the Socialists and the Barroso Commission was finally approved, albeit behind schedule.^[15] Politicisation such as the above has been increasing, with Simon Hix of the London School of Economics noting in 2007 that^[16] Rocco Buttiglione. ... Franco Frattini Barroso Commission, 2004 to 2009 The Commissioner for Justice, Freedom, & Security is the member of the European Commission. ... José Manuel Durão Barroso (born in Lisbon, March 23, 1956) is a Portuguese politician. ... The European Union is a unique geo-political entity covering a large portion of the European continent. ... The Committees of the European Parliament are designed to aid the European Commission in initiating legislation. ... Franco Frattini (born 14 March 1957) is an Italian politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom and Security. ... The Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 31 October 2009. ... Mascot: Beaver Affiliations: University of London Russell Group EUA ACU CEMS APSIA Golden Triangle G5 Group Universities UK Website: http://www. ...

History

Results of the first election;

Liberal Democrats      Socialists      Communists and Allies      Technical Group

People's Party      European Democrats      Progressive Democrats      Non-Inscrits

Overview

The first three Groups were established in the earliest days of the Parliament. They were the "Socialist Group" (which eventually became PES), the "Christian Democrat Group" (later EPP-ED) and the "Liberals and Allies Group" (later ALDE). The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a European political party whose members are 33 social democratic, socialist and labour parties of the European Union member states as well as Norway. ... EPP-ED logo The European Peoples Party - European Democrats is a group in the European Parliament. ... ALDE logo The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour lEurope) is a Group in the European Parliament. ...

As the Parliament developed, other Groups emerged. Gaullists from France founded the European Democratic Union Group.^[17] When Conservatives from Denmark and the United Kingdom joined, they created the European Conservatives Group, which (after some name changes) eventually merged with the European People's Party Group.^[18] Charles de Gaulle, in his generals uniform Gaullism (French: Gaullisme) is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle. ... The European Democrat Union is the European wing of the International Democrat Union. ...

The 1979 first direct election established further groups and the establishment of European political parties such as the European People's Party.^[19] A full breakdown of Groups by complexion and timeline is given below.
Member-states in 1979. ...

Far-Right Nationalists

In European politics, a grouping of nationalist parties constitute the sector often labelled as 'far right'. They have found it difficult to cohere in a continuous Group: their distaste for other countries and the European Union make it difficult for them to form and maintain pan-European coalitions, and the distaste of other MEPs for them makes it difficult for them to translate any coalitions into a Group. The first far-right Group was founded by the French National Front and the Italian Social Movement in 1984^[17][20] under the name of the "Group of the European Right",^[17][20] and it lasted until 1989.^[20][21] Its successor, the "Technical Group of the European Right",^[22][20] existed from 1989^[20] to 1994.^[20] There was then a gap of thirteen years until "Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty"^[23] was founded on 15 January 2007,^[23] which lasted for nearly eleven months until it self-destructed and fell apart on 14 November 2007.^[24] Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

In January 2008, leaders of far-right parties across four countries announced another attempt at a pan-European far-right Europarty, provisionally called the "European Patriotic Party".^[25][26] Should they be successful and elect sufficient MEPs under that banner, then another far-right Group may be formed. A European political party, formally a political party at European level, sometimes informally (especially in academic circles) a Europarty, is a type of political party organization operating transnationally in Europe. ...

is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Group logo Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (ITS) is a political group in the European Parliament composed of 23 members from European parties variously described as right-wing and nationalist. ... is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

National Conservatives

Parties from certain European countries have been unwilling to join the centre right European People's Party group. These parties generally have a national conservative agenda. The first such Group was formed when the French Gaullists split from the Liberal Group on 21 January 1965^[30] and created a new Group called the "European Democratic Union"^[31][17] (not to be confused with the association of conservative and Christian-democratic parties founded in 1978 called the European Democrat Union nor the Conservative Group called the "European Democratic Group" founded in 1979). The Group was renamed on 16 January 1973^[30] to the "Group of European Progressive Democrats"^[32][33] when the Gaullists were joined by the Irish centrist Fianna Fáil and by regionalist social-democratic Scottish National Party, and renamed itself again on July 24, 1984^[30] to the "Group of the European Democratic Alliance".^[17][33] The European Democratic Alliance joined with MEPs from Forza Italia to became the "Group Union for Europe"^[34][35] on July 6, 1995,^[30] but it didn't last and the Forza Italia MEPs left on 15 June 1998 to join EPP,^[30] leaving Union for Europe to struggle on until it split on July 20, 1999.^[30] The RPR members joined EPP,^[30] but Fianna Fáil and the Portuguese Democratic and Social Center / People's Party members joined a new group called "Union for Europe of the Nations Group".^[36] The European Peoples Party (EPP) is the largest transnational European political party. ... National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a variant of conservatism which concentrates more on national interests than standard conservatism, while not being nationalist or a far-right approach. ... In France, the Gaullist Party is usually used to refer to the largest party professing to be Gaullist. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The European Democrat Union is the European wing of the International Democrat Union. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... In politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes. ... Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (Irish: ), commonly referred to as Fianna Fáil (IPA ; traditionally translated by the party into English as Soldiers of Destiny, though the actual meaning is Soldiers [Fianna] of Ireland[1]), is currently the largest political party in Ireland with 55,000 members. ... Regionalism is a term in international relations that refers to the expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... The Scottish National Party (SNP) (Scottish Gaelic: is a centre-left, Social democratic political party which campaigns for Scottish independence. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Forza Italia (Forward Italy, FI) [1] is an Italian political party. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (Irish: ), commonly referred to as Fianna Fáil (IPA ; traditionally translated by the party into English as Soldiers of Destiny, though the actual meaning is Soldiers [Fianna] of Ireland[1]), is currently the largest political party in Ireland with 55,000 members. ... The Democratic and Social Centre/Peoples Party (Portuguese: Centro Democrático e Social/Partido Popular, pron. ...

The European Democrat Union is the European wing of the International Democrat Union. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... UEN logo The Union for Europe of the Nations is a nationalist and (mostly) euro-sceptic party grouping with seats in the European Parliament. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...

Conservatives/Christian Democrats

In European politics, the centre-right is usually occupied by Christian democrats or by conservatives. The two strands have had a tangled relationship in the Parliament. The first Christian Democrat Group was founded in 1953^[31] and stayed with that name for a quarter of a century. Meanwhile outside the Parliament, local Christian-democratic parties were organising and eventually formed the pan-national political party called the "European People's Party" on April 29, 1976. Since all the Christian-democratic MEPs were members of this pan-European party, the Group's name was changed to indicate this: first to the "Christian-Democratic Group (Group of the European People's Party)"^[19][39] on March 14, 1978,^[19] then to "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats)"^[34][19][39] on July 17, 1979.^[19] Meanwhile, on January 16, 1973,^[18] the "European Conservative Group"^[31] was formed by the British and Danish Conservative parties, which had recently joined the EEC. This group was renamed to the "European Democratic Group"^[17][40] on July 17, 1979.^[18] The EPP Group grew during the '80s, with parties such as the Greek New Democracy and Spanish Partido Popular that were not explicitly Christian Democratic joining the Group. In contrast, the number of MEPs in the European Democratic Group fell over the same period and it eventually merged with the EPP Group on 1 May 1992.^[18] This consolidation of the centre-right continued during the '90s, with MEPs from the highly heterogeneous centre-right Italian Forza Italia eventually settling down into the EPP Group on 15 June 1998,^[30] after spending nearly a year (19 July 1994^[30] to July 6, 1995^[30]) in their own Group, self-referentially called "Forza Europa", and nearly three years (July 6, 1995^[30] to 15 June 1998^[30]) in the national-conservative Group called "Union for Europe". But the Conservatives were growing restless and on July 20, 1999^[31] the EPP Group was renamed^[31] to the "Group of the European People's Party (Christian Democrats) and European Democrats"^[41] in order to identify the Conservative parties within the Group. The Group remains under that name to this day. Although for the sake of brevity, it's usually called "People's" or "EPP-ED". The centre-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote political parties or organizations (such as think tanks) that stretch from the centre to the right on the left-right spectrum, excluding far right stances. ... Christian democracy is a diverse political ideology and movement. ... Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favor tradition and gradual change, where tradition refers to religious, cultural, or nationally defined beliefs and customs. ... The European Peoples Party (EPP) is the largest transnational European political party. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... For different uses of the term, including political parties with the name New Democracy, see New Democracy (disambiguation). ... From the left: Mariano Rajoy, Josep Piqué and José María Aznar during the proclamation act of Josep Piqué in September 2003 The Peoples Party (Spanish: Partido Popular) is a large liberal-conservative political party in Spain. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Forza Italia (Forward Italy, FI) [1] is an Italian political party. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a variant of conservatism which concentrates more on national interests than standard conservatism, while not being nationalist or a far-right approach. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...