There are a great many similarities between the countries of Canada and Australia. They are both fully-independent former settler colonies of Britain from which they have inherited their political traditions. Both nations are large, relatively isolated, and sparsely inhabited, and both use federal systems of government. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ... This article is about a type of political territory. ... This article is about federal states. ...

Canada, being the first of the colonies to peacefully gain independence, became a model that was followed by Australia and the other Dominions. Both were also affected by the same events in Britain and around the world: World War I, the creation of the shared monarchy in 1927, the Statute of Westminster in 1931, World War II, and the Cold War had similar effects on both nations. This is a page about Dominions of the British Empire/Commonwealth. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... This article is about the Statute of Westminster relating to the British Empire and its dominions. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

Federalism

Unlike the United Kingdom, both Australia and Canada cover huge and sparsely populated territories. This made some sort of federalism a necessity. A previous history of division into separate colonies also created long-standing divisions. In Canada, the British North America Act of 1867 thus created strong provincial governments that are in no practical way subservient to the federal government. The Australian constitution of 1901 divided the new nation into several states with similar constitutionally-enshrined powers. Neither country had a bill of rights at first, although Canada adopted a statutory charter of rights in 1960 and a constitutional charter, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in 1982. For theological federalism, see Covenant Theology. ... The British North America Acts 1867–1975 are a series of Acts of the British Parliament dealing with the government of Canada. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ...

Both nations also have territories; these are areas with smaller populations whose governments have almost all of the responsibilities of state/provincial governments, but are fully under the control of the federal government.

Both have internal territories, but Australia, unlike Canada, has a number of external territories, small islands in the Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans. Pacific redirects here. ... The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean, is the International Hydrographic Organizations oceanic division encircling Antarctica, comprising the southernmost waters of the World Ocean south of 60° S latitude. ...

States and provinces

The Crown is represented in Australian states by a Governor, and in Canadian provinces by a Lieutenant-Governor. The appointed head of government, usually the leader of the party that commands a majority in the Legislative Assembly, in both countries is called the Premier. In all Australian states except Queensland, the state parliament is bicameral with a lower and upper house. The self-governing territories, like Queensland, are also unicameral. All of the Canadian provinces' parliaments are now unicameral, Quebec being the last province to abolish its upper house in 1968. The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countriesAtlas  Politics Portal      Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ... In Canada, the lieutenant-governor (often without a hyphen[1], pronounced ), in French lieutenant-gouverneur/lieutenant-gouverneure (always with a hyphen), is the Canadian Monarchs, or Crowns, representative in a province, much as the Governor General is her representative at the national level. ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

The Governors of the Australian states are appointed directly by the Sovereign, on the advice of the Premier of that state. By contrast, the Lieutenant Governor of a Canadian province is appointed by the Governor General of Canada, acting on the advice of the federal Prime Minister; his or her salary is paid by the federal government. By loose convention, the Canadian Prime Minister is expected to consult with the respective provincial Premier prior to selecting a Lieutenant Governor, but he or she is under no obligation to do so. The Canadian Prime Minister could also advise the dismissal of a Lieutenant Governor at any time. These distinctions are significant, as they effectively leave the considerable vice-regal reserve powers over the Canadian provinces in the hands of the federal government. In the early years of Confederation, these powers were used on five occasions to dismiss provincial governments outright, although the last such use of the vice-regal reserve powers was in 1904. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... A reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state of a country in certain exceptional circumstances. ...

Further information: Monarchy in the Canadian provinces

Under the Constitution of Australia, any residual powers are left to the states, while the Constitution of Canada leaves residual powers in the hands of the federal government. The reason for this discrepancy has its origins in the differing circumstances of Confederation (Canada) and Federation (Australia). In 1867 Canada faced a significant military threat from the United States, and many British and Canadian politicians blamed the concept of states rights for helping to trigger the then-recent American Civil War. Australia in 1901 did not face a similar military threat and its politicians were thus more comfortable in leaving residual powers with the states. Furthermore, rivalry existed between the states of Victoria and New South Wales, and the less populous states feared that a strong central Government would see too much power and influence wielded by Sydney and Melbourne. So the Australian states wanted to be explicitly granted wide powers in their own right. Each of the provinces within Canada uses a Westminster System of constitutional monarchy for its government, under Queen Elizabeth II as the reigning Queen of Canada since February 6, 1952. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the countrys constitution is an amalgam of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions. ... In American politics and constitutional law, states rights are guaranteed by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, (i. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... VIC redirects here. ... NSW redirects here. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ...

Yet despite these constitutional differences, or perhaps because of them, the powers of Australian state governments are now far weaker than provincial governments in Canada, which still have considerable powers over both income and sales taxes. Australian state governments receive the vast majority of their income through block grants from the federal government in Canberra, and this lack of financial independence has led to a gradual erosion of state power. This situation has led to a claim that Australia is "over-governed", and some politicians have called for the outright abolition of the states, with powers to be instead divided between national and local (or regional) tiers of government.^[1] However, the states retain considerable power and influence and there is no practical likelihood of their abolition. Proposals to abolish the Canadian provinces, although not non-existent^[2], are very unusual. For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ...

Many areas of responsibility that are jointly exercised by federal and state governments in Australia, such as education, are the sole responsibility of provincial governments in Canada. Australian states do have some powers that that the Canadian provinces do not - most notably, each Australian state enacts and amends its own criminal code while Canada has a uniform Criminal Code under federal jurisdiction. A Criminal Code is a compilation of government laws that outline a nations criminal offenses, and the maximum and minimum punishments that courts can impose upon offenders when such crimes are committed. ... The Canadian Criminal Code (formal title An Act respecting the Criminal Law) is the codification of most of the criminal offenses and procedure in Canada. ...

Canadian Fathers of Confederation such as Sir John A. Macdonald did not intend to have provinces that were nearly as powerful as they have become. Strong provincial governments would only become entrenched when Britain's Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ruled jurisdictional disputes consistently in favour of the provinces starting in the 1870s. Another complicating factor in Canada is that the government of Quebec has gained control over immigration and other matters, which are not the responsibility of provinces in the rest of Canada. The existence of a powerful independence movement in Quebec has also been cited as a reason why the provinces in Canada have gained and maintained more jurisdiction than they were intended to have at Confederation. Canadian Confederation, or the Confederation of Canada, was the process that ultimately brought together a union among the provinces, colonies and territories of British North America to form a Dominion of the British Empire, which today is a federal nation state simply known as Canada. ... For other persons named John Alexander Macdonald, see John Alexander Macdonald (disambiguation). ... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The province of Quebec shown in red. ...

Parliament

The executive is all but identical with the British heritage of cabinet government kept intact, with the Prime Minister being the leader of the largest party in the Australian House of Representatives or Canadian House of Commons. In both countries, MPs represent single member constituencies, known as divisions in Australia and ridings in Canada. This article is about the governmental body. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Type Lower house Speaker of the House David Hawker, Liberal since November 16, 2004 Members 150 Political groups ALP (85) Liberal Party (53) National Party (10) Last elections 24 November 2007 Meeting place Parliament House, Canberra, ACT Web site House of Representatives Entrance to the House of Representatives Judicial High... Type Lower House Speaker Peter Milliken, Liberal since January 29, 2001 Leader of the Government in the House of Commons Peter Van Loan, Conservative since January 4, 2007 Opposition House Leader Ralph Goodale, Liberal since January 23, 2006 Members 308 Political groups Conservative Party Liberal Party Bloc Québécois...

Unlike Canada, which uses the first past the post voting system, Australia uses instant runoff voting (known in Australia as preferential voting) for almost all lower house elections and proportional representation for almost all upper house elections. The plurality voting system, also known as first past the post, is a voting system used to elect a single winner in a given election. ... When the single transferable vote voting system is applied to a single-winner election it is sometimes called instant-runoff voting (IRV), as it is much like holding a series of runoff elections in which the lowest polling candidate is eliminated in each round until someone receives majority vote. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...

Australia has also introduced compulsory voting, something Canada has not done. There is no pressure to introduce such a measure in Canada, although poor electoral turnouts in the past two elections are beginning to make Canadians seriously consider some sort of electoral reform (while no major party wants mandatory voting, the New Democratic Party's platform indicates that they wish to lower the voting age to 16, something that reduced voter apathy in Brazil). Compulsory voting is a practice that requires citizens to vote in elections or to attend a polling place to get their name crossed off the electoral roll. ... This article is about the Canadian political party. ...

Canada and Australia both have strong multiparty systems with many parties represented in their legislatures as opposed to two (as in the United States). At the federal level, however, Canada's House of Commons tends to be more diverse than the Senate, while in Australia the reverse situation applies. This reflects the different means by which Members of Parliament are selected.

While both Canada and Australia have bicameral parliamentary systems, the composition of the upper house or Senate differs in each country. The Australian Senate is elected by single transferable vote, while the Canadian Senate is appointed by the Governor-General under the advice of Prime Minister. In Australia, each state has equal representation in the Senate, while in Canada, Senate seats are distributed between the regions of the country, not provinces. The Australian Senate also has great power to block money bills, unlike the weaker Canadian Senate, which it used in 1975, resulting in the constitutional crisis. In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... Type Upper house President Alan Ferguson, Liberal since 14 August 2007 Members 76 Political groups Coalition (39) ALP (28) Green (4) Democrat (4) FFP (1) Last elections 9 October 2004 Meeting place Parliament House, Canberra, ACT Web site Senate Entrance to the Senate Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State... This STV ballot for the Australian Senate illustrates group voting tickets. ... The Senate of Canada (French: Le Sénat du Canada) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The secretary of the Governor-General, David Smith, announcing the dissolution of Parliament on November 11th, 1975. ...

Since the 1990s, all Canadian parties elected to parliament with the exception of the Liberals have been pushing for some kind of reform of the Senate. Many politicians in the western provinces, such as Preston Manning of the (now defunct) Reform Party have advocated an Australian style, or 'Triple-E Senate — elected, equally representative of all regions, and effective, while others, such as the NDP and the Bloc Québécois call for outright abolition. Efforts for an elected Senate with term limits are currently underway by the governing Conservative Party. In a recent address to the Australian Parliament, in which he praised the country's elected Senate Prime Minister Stephen Harper stated that "Canadians understand that our Senate, as it stands today, must either change or — like the old upper houses of our provinces — vanish.".^[3] By contrast, while former Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating described the Senate as an 'unrepresentative swill', proposals for reform have focused on its ability to block legislation rather than its existence or composition. ^[4] The Liberal Party of Canada (French: ), colloquially known as the Grits (originally Clear Grits), is a Canadian federal political party. ... This article is about the region in Canada. ... Ernest Preston Manning (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton, Alberta), is a right-wing populist Canadian politician. ... The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party that existed from 1987 to 2000. ... The Triple-E Senate (standing for equal, elected, and effective) is a topic of constitutional debate in Canada and a proposed plan to reform the current Canadian Senate. ... The Bloc Québécois (BQ) is a centre-left federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to the promotion of sovereignty for Quebec. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ...

Judiciary

The nations share a very similar judicial system based on British common law (except for civil matters in Quebec, where a French-style civil code applies). The highest courts of both nations are now domestic, with Canada doing away with appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1949 and Australia doing the same in 1986. This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... This article is about civil law within the common law legal system. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... The Civil Code of Québec (Code civil du Québec) is the civil code in force in the province of Quebec, Canada. ... The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom. ...

However, the use by the Canadian federal courts of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has begun to impact Canadian society in such matters as same-sex marriages and abortion. Australia has not enshrined similar rights and freedoms. The Charter, signed by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1981. ... Same-sex marriage (also called gay marriage, and—less frequently—homosexual marriage) refers to marriage between partners of the same gender (for other forms of same-sex unions that are different from marriages, see the articles linked in that section). ...

Monarchy

Elizabeth II is the head of state of both Australia and Canada, though her positions as Queen of Canada and Queen of Australia are legally separate; Elizabeth II cannot be advised on national affairs by anyone other than her ministers in the appropriate country, and when acting internally or abroad on the advice of said ministers, she does so as Queen of Canada or Queen of Australia, not as Queen of the United Kingdom. Both nations have a Governor-General who acts as a vice-regal representative. In 1931, King George V appointed the first Australian as Governor-General; Canada did not have a Canadian Governor General until 1953. Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... This article is about the monarchy of Canada, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, the other Commonwealth realm monarchies, and other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. Queen of Canada redirects here. ... This article is about the monarchy of Australia, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, the other Commonwealth realm monarchies, and other relevant articles, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

Canada discontinued the awarding of British honours to its citizens, establishing the Order of Canada in 1967, earlier than Australia, which introduced its own Order of Australia in 1975, and did not end the awarding of British honours until 1993. The Canadian monarch and Australian monarch, respectively, is sovereign of all Canadian and Australian national honours. The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals personal bravery, achievement or service to the United Kingdom. ... Seal of the Order of Canada The Order of Canada is Canadas highest civilian honour, with membership awarded to those who exemplify the Orders Latin motto Desiderantes meliorem patriam, which means (those) desiring a better country (Hebrews 11. ... Insignia of a Companion of the Order of Australia. ...

Polls in both countries over previous decades have shown shifts in the popularity of the monarchy, although to date, only Australia has held a national referendum on moving to a republican form of government, in 1999. Although some Canadian politicians, such as John Manley (described as "Canada's Paul Keating"^[5] have expressed support for ending the monarchy, it is not the policy of any of the three main federal parties. The 1999 Australian republic referendum was a two question referendum held on 6 November 1999. ... John Manley can refer to several different people: John Manley, British archaeologist John Manley, Canadian politician John Manley, American nuclear physicist This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For other persons named Paul Keating, see Paul Keating (disambiguation). ...

Owing to the federal nature of both countries' constitutions, any constitutional change would require the consent of each country's states or provinces. In Australia, such a change require the support of voters in each of the states, but in Canada, it would require only the assent of each province's parliament.^[6]

Further information: Debate on the monarchy in Canada and Republicanism in Australia

In contrast to Australian republicanism, there has been little national debate about ending the Monarchy in Canada. ... Republicanism in Australia is the movement to change Australias status as a constitutional monarchy to a republican form of government. ...

Aboriginal peoples

Both Canada and Australia were inhabited long before European colonizers arrived. The First Nations of Canada and the Aborigines of Australia were both devastated by European disease and other factors. In both areas, the Europeans went on to cruelly mistreat the native inhabitants. Conditions have improved, but in both countries the natives tend to be poorer and have shorter life expectancies than the national average. Australian treatment of Aborigines in the past was generally more systematically cruel than in Canada and life expectancy in Canada for aboriginal peoples is higher than in Australia. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... First Nations is a term of ethnicity that refers to the indigenous peoples in what is now Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people. ... Australian Aborigines are the main indigenous people of Australia. ...

In recent years Canada has accomplished a great deal in recognising land rights and the poverty gap between aboriginal Canadians and the rest of the population. Australia under the Bob Hawke and Paul Keating governments during the 1980s and early 1990s showed similar signs of reform. But more recently, Australia has somewhat reversed this trend. The government has abolished the self-governing panel ran by Aboriginals (ATSIC) citing corruption, not improving the quality of life for Australian Aboriginals, and empathises a desire that Aboriginal communities should be self-sufficient and maintain social standards on an individual basis. The Howard government also reversed some Native Title decisions, greatly reducing the impact of the scheme. Robert James Lee (Bob) Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929) was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia after previously being an Australian trade union leader. ... For other persons named Paul Keating, see Paul Keating (disambiguation). ... The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) (1990–2004) was the Australian Government body through which aboriginal Australians were formally involved in the processes of government affecting their lives. ... Native title is a concept in the law of Australia that recognises the continued ownership of land by local Indigenous Australians. ...

Many isolated Aboriginal communities in both Canada and Australia are characterised by near complete unemployment, multigenerational welfare dependence, domestic and social violence, drug and alcohol abuse including petrol sniffing or methamphetamine use, high crime rates and depression. An aerosol metered-dose inhaler (MDI) used for administration of asthma medication. ... This article is about the psychostimulant, d-methamphetamine. ...

However, the new Prime Minister Kevin Rudd has issued a formal symbolic apology to the Stolen Generations and has signalled some changes in policy. Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957), is the leader of the federal Australian Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Parliament. ... The Stolen Generation is a term used to describe the Australian Aboriginal children, usually of mixed descent, who were removed from their families by Australian government agencies and church missions, under various state acts of parliament, denying the rights of parents and making all Aboriginal cildren wards of the state...

Immigration

Both Australia and Canada are nations built by immigrants, and they are both among the nations that receive the most immigrants per year. Attitudes differ substantially, however. Australia, like much of Europe, has seen an anti-immigration party, the One Nation Party, briefly gain broad support in some areas — something which has never happened in Canada. While One Nation's power quickly dissipated, its immigration policies were broadly copied by the federal Liberal-National Coalition which assisted its hold on power. However, the province of Quebec has strong opposition to immigrations. All 3 principal political parties have plans to assimilate and integrate immigrants in order to preserve the culture of Quebec. This is in completely opposition to the multiculturalism idea present in Canada. Furthermore, it is backed by 77% of the population of Quebec. One Nation is a nationalist and protectionist political group in Australia. ...

Welfare state

Australia and Canada both tend to fall somewhere in the middle between the United States and Europe in terms of how extensive a welfare state they have. Australia has a somewhat greater involvement of the private sector with the privatization of many government enterprises, and increasing emphasis on private education and health care systems with Australia having a two-tier healthcare system. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... There are three main interpretations of the idea of a welfare state: the provision of welfare services by the state. ... Two-tier health care is a form of national health care system that is used in most developed countries. ...

Canada on the other hand has a single tier or single payer health care system, where almost all basic health costs are covered by the government without any private involvement, or user fees (except through taxation). In fact, Canada is the only industrialized democracy in the world that flatly prohibits private health insurance for essential medical care. A tax is an involuntary fee paid by individuals or businesses to a state, or to functional equivalents of a state, including tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements. ...

War and peace

Neither Canada nor Australia have been to war on their own; rather, they have fought under the leadership of first Britain and then the United States and United Nations. The two nations are the most-commonly-cited examples of middle powers — states that try to pursue their interests through multilateralism and collective security because they are not large enough to act unilaterally. Middle power is a term used in the field of international relations to describe states that are not superpowers or great powers, but still have large and mild influence and recognized internationally. ... Multilateralism is an international relations term that refers to multiple countries working in concert. ...

Canada was founded in part because of threats of American invasion. The War of 1812, where Britain successfully defended its territories against American aggression, and was successful in burning Detroit and Washington, was a strong uniting force in Canada and sparked the creation of an independent federal state. This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ...

Both Australia and Canada were immediately and enthusiastically called to the defence of Britain in World War I. While Australia suffered larger per capita casualties, the armies from the two dominions were acknowledged as the best of the British army, and both nations won prestige and greater independence in the war in Europe. Both Australia and Canada emerged divided from the war because of similar crises concerning conscription, which in Australia set Anglo-Saxon Protestants against Catholics of Irish stock, and in Canada French-Canadians against English Canadians. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... English Canada is a term used to describe either: the anglophone residents of Canada or the Canadian provinces other than Quebec and, sometimes, New Brunswick, in which French is an official language of the provincial governments. ...

The Second World War was similar in regard to both nations again springing to the defence of Britain. Unlike Australia, Canada's political fabric was divided by the war — again for similar reasons in the Conscription Crisis of 1944. Conscription was not a major issue in Australia as the country was directly attacked by Japanese bombers. Although a Japanese invasion of North America was feared by many, Australia faced what was perceived to be a far more dire threat from the Japanese Empire. While Quebec emerged from the troubles as a more distinct entity from the rest of Canada, the government handled this crisis in an astute fashion, cooling off tensions in months and years instead of generations. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Conscription Crisis of 1944 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War II. It was similar to the Conscription Crisis of 1917, but was not as politically damaging. ... North American redirects here. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

The beginning of the Cold War saw both sides align with the United States: Canada being a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and Australia signing the ANZUS treaty. Both nations sent troops to the Korean War on the UN side. For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... This article is about the military alliance. ... The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty (ANZUS or ANZUS Treaty) is the military alliance which binds Australia and New Zealand and, separately, Australia and the United States to cooperate on defence matters in the Pacific Ocean area, though today the treaty is understood to relate to attacks in... Belligerents United Nations: Republic of Korea Australia Belgium Canada Colombia Ethiopia France Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Philippines South Africa Thailand Turkey United Kingdom United States Naval Support and Military Servicing/Repairs: Japan Medical staff: Denmark Italy Norway India Sweden DPR Korea PR China Soviet Union Commanders Syngman Rhee Chung...

From that point on, however, the pattern seems to have diverged as Australia joined the United States in Vietnam and in the 2003 Invasion of Iraq—two conflicts Canada stayed away from. Much of this can be accredited to differing strategic dilemmas and to which governments were in power at the time the conflicts began. If the Conservatives had been in power in Canada in 2003, that nation may have joined the war in Iraq. If the Australian Labor Party had been in office, that country may very well have not gone to war, although this remains inconclusive considering the involvement of the British centre-left party and comments made by former Labor leader Kim Beazley. This article is about the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... The Conservative Party of Canada (French: Parti conservateur du Canada), colloquially known as the Tories, is a conservative political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... ALP redirects here. ... For Kim Beazleys father, Kim Beazley senior, see Kim Edward Beazley. ...

References

Radio-Canada redirects here. ... The Australian Broadcasting Corporation or ABC is Australias national non-profit public broadcaster. ... The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper published in British Columbia by the Pacific Newspaper Group Inc, a CanWest Global Communications Company. ... The Australian Republican Movement was founded in July 1991. ...

External links

• "Canada and Australia" at the Canadian Encyclopedia
• "Study: Canada and Australia: A comparison of economic performance" at Statistics Canada
• 2004 Speech by Australian writer David Malouf, part of the LaFontaine-Baldwin Lecture on Canadian politics, discussing identity politics in Canada and Australia

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Statistics Canada (French: Statistique Canada) is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. ... David Malouf David Malouf (born March 20, 1934) in Brisbane is an Australian writer whose themes encompass Australian history and the Australian landscape. ... The LaFontaine-Baldwin Symposium is a Canadian forum created through the joint effort of John Ralston Saul and the Dominion Institute. ...

See also

• Politics of Australia
• Politics of Canada
• Politics of Canada and the United States compared
• Politics of Australia and New Zealand compared