Government

The 1972 constitution of the Republic of Cameroon as modified by 1996 reforms provides for a strong central government dominated by the executive. The president is empowered to name and dismiss cabinet members, judges, generals, provincial governors, prefects, sub-prefects, and heads of Cameroon's parastatal (about 100 state-controlled) firms, obligate or disburse expenditures, approve or veto regulations, declare states of emergency, and appropriate and spend profits of parastatal firms. The president is not required to consult the National Assembly. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... List of Heads of State of Cameroon (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Affiliations:- See also:- Cameroon Politics of Cameroon Heads of Government of Cameroon Colonial Heads of Cameroon British Cameroon Heads of Government of British Cameroon Colonial Heads of French Cameroon Heads of Government of French... Alternate meanings in cabinet (disambiguation) A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... A judge or justice is an official who presides over a court. ... General is a high military rank, used by nearly every country in the world. ... A governor is also a device that regulates the speed of a machine. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficio, to make in front, i. ... The word veto comes from Latin and literally means I forbid. ...

The judiciary is subordinate to the executive branch's Ministry of Justice. The Supreme Court may review the constitutionality of a law only at the president's request. The Ministry of Justice of Cameroon is the Department responsible for administering the Cameroon justice system. ... The supreme court in some countries, provinces, and states, is the highest court in that jurisdiction and functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be appealed. ...

The 180-member National Assembly meets in ordinary session three times a year (March/April, June/July, and November/December), and has seldom, until recently, made major changes in legislation proposed by the executive. Laws are adopted by majority vote of members present or, if the president demands a second reading, of a total membership.

Following government pledges to reform the strongly centralized 1972 constitution, the National Assembly adopted a number of amendments in December 1995 which were promulgated in January 1996. The amendments call for the establishment of a 100-member senate as part of a bicameral legislature, the creation of regional councils, and the fixing of the presidential term to 7 years, renewable once. One-third of senators are to be appointed by the President, and the remaining two-thirds are to be chosen by indirect elections. As of March 1998, the government has not established the Senate or regional councils. A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

All local government officials are employees of the central government's Ministry of Territorial Administration, from which local governments also get most of their budgets.

While the president, the minister of justice, and the president's judicial advisers (the Supreme Court) top the judicial hierarchy, traditional rulers, courts, and councils also exercise functions of government. Traditional courts still play a major role in domestic, property, and probate law. Tribal laws and customs are honored in the formal court system when not in conflict with national law. Traditional rulers receive stipends from the national government.

The government adopted legislation in 1990 to authorize the formation of multiple political parties and ease restrictions on forming civil associations and private newspapers. Cameroon' s first multiparty legislative and presidential elections were held in 1992 followed by municipal elections in 1996 and another round of legislative and presidential elections in 1997. Because the government refused to consider opposition demands for an independent election commission, the three major opposition parties boycotted the October 1997 presidential election, which Biya easily won. The leader of one of the opposition parties, Bello Bouba Maigari of the NUDP, subsequently joined the government. This article is about the year. ... A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Cameroon has a number of independent newspapers. Censorship was abolished in 1996, but the government sometimes seizes or suspends newspapers and occasionally arrests journalists. Although a 1990 law authorizes private radio and television stations, the government has not granted any licenses as of March 1998. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and appeal to a wider international audience, this article may require cleanup. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Cameroonian Government's human rights record has been improving over the years but remains flawed. There continue to be reported abuses, including beatings of detainees, arbitrary arrests, and illegal searches. The judiciary is frequently corrupt, inefficient, and subject to political influence. Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

Principal Government Officials

• President — Paul Biya
  
• President of the National Assembly — Djibril Cavaye Yeguie
• Prime Minister — Ephraim Inoni

• Ambassador to the United States — Jerome Mendouga
• Ambassador to the United Nations — Martin Belinga

Cameroon maintains an embassy in the United States at 2349 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008 (tel.: 202-265-8790). Categories: People stubs | 1933 births | Alumni of Sciences Po ... Ephraim Inoni (born 1947) is the Prime Minister of Cameroon. ...

Country name:

• conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
• conventional short form: Cameroon
• former: French Cameroon

Data code: CM

Government type: unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
note: preponderance of power remains with the president

Capital: Yaounde Categories: Africa geography stubs | Capitals in Africa | Cities in Cameroon ...

Administrative divisions: 10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest

Independence: 1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration), 1 October 1961 (for areas ruled by Britain under UN trusteeship) January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

National holiday: National Day, 20 May (1972) 20 May is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ...

Constitution: 20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted 20 May is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. ... 2 June is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. ...

Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal

Executive branch:
chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim Inoni (since December 8, 2005)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held NA October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul Biya 70.8%; Ni John Fro Ndi 17.4%; Adamou Ndam Njoya 4.4%; Garga Haman Adji 3.7% Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... List of Heads of State of Cameroon (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Affiliations:- See also:- Cameroon Politics of Cameroon Heads of Government of Cameroon Colonial Heads of Cameroon British Cameroon Heads of Government of British Cameroon Colonial Heads of French Cameroon Heads of Government of French... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature)
elections: last held 30 June and 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 149, SDF 22, UDC 5, UPC 3, UNDP 1
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 2002 (MMII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president

Political parties and leaders

Main article: List of political parties in Cameroon Political parties in Cameroon lists political parties in Cameroon. ...

Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA]

Cameroon Liberation and Development Movement or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]

Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDPC (the RDPC or its predecessor parties have ruled since independence) [Paul BIYA, president]

Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]

Movement for the Liberation of Cameroonian Youths or MLJC [leader NA]

National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA, chairman]:

Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]

Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC-K [Augustin Frederick KODOG]

Political pressure groups and leaders: Politics of Cameroon Categories: Cameroon political parties | Politics stubs | Authoritarian political parties ... The Social Democratic Front (also known as Front Social-Démocratique) is the main opposition party of Cameroon. ...

Alliance for Change or FAC [leader NA]

Cameroon Anglophone Movement or CAM [Vishe FAI, secretary general]

Southern Cameroon National Council [Henry FOSSUNG]

International organization participation: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, C, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO The Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT, French for Agency of cultural and technical cooperation) is an organisation that is part of La Francophonie. ... The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. ... The African Development Bank (AfDB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of promoting economic and social development in Africa. ... // Definition and linguistics The original phrase common wealth or the common weal is a calque translation of the Latin term res publica (public thing), from which the word republic comes, which was itself used as a synonym for the Greek politeia as well as for the republican (i. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established in 1958 to encourage economic cooperation among its member states. ... FAO emblem With its headquarters in Rome, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that works to raise levels of nutrition and standards of living; to improve the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of food and agricultural products; to promote rural development; and... FZ.se is a Swedish gaming site, initially named FragZone. ... The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. ... IAEA The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957, seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means of financing states. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation), and the 183 national... The International Development Association (IDA) was created on September 24, 1960, is a UN specialized agency. ... IDB can mean: Illicit Diamond Buying (in South Africa) Image Database In-Depth Battlepedia (Neopets Battledome Help Website) In-suit Drink Bag (for a spacesuit) Industrial Development Board (for Northern Ireland) Informational Drug Brochure Integrated Database Intelligence Database Intelligent drum and bass Inter-American Development Bank Inter-Dimensional Being Interleaved... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... For other meanings of the ILO abbreviation, see ILO (disambiguation). ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... INMARSAT, is an international telecommunications company founded in 1979, originally as an intergovernmental organisation. ... Intelsat is the worlds largest commercial satellite communications services provider. ... Interpol logo Interpol, more correctly the International Criminal Police Organization, was created in 1923 to assist international criminal police co-operation. ... The International Olympic Committee is an organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on June 23 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece between 776 BC to 396 AD. Its membership is 202 National Olympic Committees. ... Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ... NAM stands for: National Association of Manufacturers Non-Aligned Movement Network Analysis Module National Assembly Member, a member of the National Assembly of The Gambia. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC; Arabic: منظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي) (Turkish: Ä°slam Konferansı Örgütü)(French: Organisation de la Conference Islamique) is an inter-governmental organization with a Permanent Delegation to the United Nations. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... The phrase Hague Tribunal can also be used to refer to ICTY. The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), also known as the Hague Tribunal is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. ... States of UDEAC The Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa (or UDEAC from its name in French, Union Douaniere et Économique de l’Afrique Centrale), established by the Brazzaville Treaty in 1966, formed a customs union with free trade area between members and a common external tariff for imports... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, commonly known as UNESCO, is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1945. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) was established in 1965 as an autonomous body within the United Nations with the purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of the Organization through appropriate training and research. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU) is a international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... WCL is an initialism for World Confederation of Labour. ... The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps member states communicate and co-operate on customs issues. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... WHO emblem The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and has as its core objectives the promotion of creative intellectual activity and the facilitation of the transfer of technology related to intellectual property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... The World Tourism Organization (WTO) is a UN agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...

Flag description: the Flag of Cameroon features three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia. Flag ratio: 2:3 The national flag of Cameroon was adopted in its present form on May 20, 1975 after Cameroon was made a unitary state. ...