NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Politics of Cyprus

Politics of the Republic of Cyprus takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Cyprus is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Federal legislative power is vested in both the government and the House of Representatives. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Cyprus is a divided island. Since 1974, the legal government (The Republic of Cyprus) has controlled the south two thirds, and the separatist Turkish Cypriot authorities the northern one-third. The Government of the Republic of Cyprus has continued as the sole internationally-recognized authority on the island (NB the UK is also internationally recognized with respect to the SBAs), though in practice its power extends only to the Greek Cypriot-controlled area. Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided de facto into the internationally recognized southern two-thirds of the island and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which controls the northern one-third of the island. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided de facto into the internationally recognized southern two-thirds of the island and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which controls the northern one-third of the island. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ... The President of Cyprus is the countrys head of state. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The House of Representatives (Vouli AntiprosÃ³pon/Temsilciler Meclisi) is the parliament of Cyprus. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: In law, the judiciary or judicial is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus(TRNC) {NOTE: the name is not accepted by UN} , in Turkish Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, is a self-proclaimed state occupying the northern third of the island of Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean. ... The UK Sovereign Base Areas are those British military base areas located in countries formerly ruled by the United Kingdom which were retained by it and not handed over when those countries attained independence. ...

United Cyprus

The 1960 Cypriot Constitution provided for a presidential system of government with independent executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as a complex system of checks and balances including a weighted power-sharing ratio designed to protect the interests of the Turkish Cypriots. The executive, for example, was headed by a Greek Cypriot president, Archbishop Makarios III, and a Turkish Cypriot vice president, Dr Fazıl Küçük, elected by their respective communities for 5-year terms and each possessing a right of veto over certain types of legislation and executive decisions. This system was destined to fail as the power of veto meant that whether democratically desired certain legislation could not be passed. This of course also meant that a Turkish Cypriot could never be president and the government would, therefore, be Greek Cypriot dominant meaning that all laws passed would be in favor of the Greek Cypriots. To prevent Dr Fazıl Küçük from becoming provisional president Archbishop Makarios III (Who is said to be partly from Turkish Cypriot decent) never left the island. 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The judiciary, also referred to as the judicature, consists of justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish[1], as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ... Makarios was the adopted name of Mikhalis Khristodoulou Mouskos (August 13, 1913 - August 3, 1977). ... Fazil KÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k Dr Fazil KÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k (1906-1984) was the first and only Turkish Cypriot Vice President of the 1960 Republic of Cyprus. ...

The House of Representatives was elected on the basis of separate voters' rolls. Since 1964, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remained vacant, while the Greek Cypriot Communal Chamber was abolished. The responsibilities of the chamber were transferred to the newfounded Ministry of Education.

By 1967, when a military junta had seized power in Greece, the political impetus for enosis had faded, partly as a result of the non-aligned foreign policy of Cypriot President Makarios. Enosis remained an ideological goal, despite being pushed significantly further down the political agenda. Dissatisfaction in Greece with Makarios convinced the Greek colonels to sponsor the 1974 coup in Nicosia. George Papadopoulos Greek Γεώργιος Παπαδόπουλος, Georgios Papadopoulos, (May 5, 1919 – June 27, 1999) was the head of the military coup détat that took place in Greece on April 21, 1967...

Turkey responded by launching a military operation on Cyprus in a move not approved by the other two international guarantor powers, Greece and the United Kingdom using as a pretext the protection of the Turkish minority from Greek militias. The invasion is called "Cyprus Peace Operation" by the Turkish side. Turkish forces captured the northern part of the island. Many thousands of others, from both sides, left the island entirely. In addition to many of the Greek Cypriot refugees (a third of the population), many Turkish Cypriots (on whose pretext Turkey invaded) also moved to the UK and other countries where for the past 30 years they have lived as neighbours with the Greek Cypriots. In the meantime Turkey illegally imported Turkish colonists to populate the occupied territories, thereby altering the ethnic make up of the occupied north. Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation. Development of the Geneva Conventions from 1864 to 1949. ...

Subsequently, the Turkish Cypriots established their own separatist institutions with a popularly elected de facto President and a Prime Minister responsible to the National Assembly exercising joint executive powers. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared an independent state called the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), an action opposed by the United Nations Security Council. In 1985, the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Anthem: Ä°stiklÃ¢l MarÅŸÄ± (Turkish) Independence March Capital LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic[1] - President Mehmet Ali Talat - Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Sovereignty from Republic of Cyprus (de facto) - Proclaimed November 15, 1983 - Recognition Only by Turkey Area - Total 3,355 kmÂ² (not ranked...

Division of Cyprus

In 1974, following a coup sponsored by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and executed by the Cypriot National Guard the invasion of troops from Turkey (citing its authority as one of the three guarantor powers established by the Constitution), the Turkish Cypriots formally set up their own institutions with a popularly-elected separatist president and a Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, exercising joint executive powers. Cyprus has been divided, de facto, into the Greek-Cypriot controlled southern two-thirds of the island and the Turkish-occupied northern third. The Republic of Cyprus is the internationally-recognised government of the Republic of Cyprus, that controls the southern two-thirds of the island. Turkey aside, all foreign governments and the United Nations recognise the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the whole island of Cyprus. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (800x1200, 175 KB) Summary The capital Nicosia remains divided since 1974. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (800x1200, 175 KB) Summary The capital Nicosia remains divided since 1974. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... The Cypriot National Guard (Greek Î•Î¸Î½Î¹ÎºÎ® Î¦ÏÎ¿Ï…ÏÎ¬) is the combined arms military force of the Republic of Cyprus. ... Combatants TRNC Turkey Cyprus Greece The Turkish invasion of Cyprus, (also known as the 1974 Cyprus War; referred to as the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation by Turkey) was a consequence of tensions between the governments of Greece and Turkey, and of internal unrest within Greece. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ...

The Turkish Cypriot administration of the northern part of the island, together with Turkey, does not accept the Republic's rule over the whole island and refer to it as the "Greek Authority of Southern Cyprus". Its territory, a result of the Turkish invasion of 1974 and whose status remains disputed, extends over the northern third of the island.

The north proclaimed its independence in 1975. In 1983, the Turkish Cypriots declared an independent "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), which has never been recognized by any country except Turkey. In 1985, they adopted a constitution and held elections--an arrangement recognized only by Turkey. For information pertaining to this, see Politics of Northern Cyprus. The Organization of the Islamic Conference granted it observer member status under the name of "Turkish Cypriot State". 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Non-recognized nations are states that have declared their independence, but not been acknowledged as such by the international community at large. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Since 1974, Cyprus has been divided de facto into the internationally recognized southern two-thirds of the island and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus which controls the northern one-third of the island. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) OIC redirects here. ...

Political conditions

The division of Cyprus has remained an intractable political problem plaguing relations between Greece and Turkey, and drawing in NATO, of which both Greece and Turkey are members, and latterly the European Union, which has admitted Greece and Cyprus and which Turkey has been seeking to join for over twenty years. NATO 2002 Summit in Prague The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation[2] (NATO; French: ; also called the North Atlantic Alliance, the Atlantic Alliance, the Western Alliance, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. ...

The most recent developments on the island have included the reopening of the border between the two sides, and the failure of an attempt to reunify the island under the terms of a United Nations-sponsored initiative guided by the UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan. A street cut by the Green Line in Nicosia The term Green Line is often used to refer to the line of demarcation that divides the Cypriot capital of Nicosia into the southern Greek Cypriot region and the northern Turkish Cypriot region. ... The Annan Plan was a United Nations proposal to bring about the reunification of the divided island nation of Cyprus as the United Cyprus Republic. ... A small number of international organizations and other bodies use the title secretary general or secretary-general for their chief administrative officer. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian born diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006, serving two five-year terms. ...

None of the Greek Cypriot parties has been able to elect a president by itself or dominate the 56-seat House of Representatives. The 165,000 Greek Cypriot refugees are also a potent political force, along with the independent Orthodox Church of Cyprus, which has some influence in temporal as well as ecclesiastical matters. The ancient Cypriot Orthodox Church is one of the sixteen independent (autocephalous) Eastern Orthodox churches, which are in communion and in doctrinal agreement with one another but not all subject to one patriarch. ...

The working of the Cypriot state was fraught with difficulty from the very early days after independence in 1960, and intercommunal tension and occasionally violence was, regrettably, a feature of the first decade of Cypriot independence. In 1963, the Cypriot president, Makarios, proposed 13 amendments to the Constitution in order to solve intractable difficulties in filling government posts. Whether this was an attempt to foster increasing unity by dissolving legal boundaries between communities, or to effect domination of the Turkish Cypriots by the majority Greek Cypriots, remains controversial. Whatever Makarios's intentions, violence erupted between Greek and Turkish Cypriots in December 1963 and by the following year the United Nations agreed to undertake peacekeeping operations (UNFICYP). 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Makarios (born Mihalis Christodoulou Mouskos, August 13, 1913â€”August 3, 1977) was archbishop and primate of the autocephalous Cypriot Orthodox Church (1950-1977) and first President of the Republic of Cyprus (1960-1977). ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) was established in 1964 to prevent a recurrence of fighting between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. ...

UN-sponsored negotiations to develop institutional arrangements acceptable to the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities began in 1968; several sets of negotiations and other initiatives followed. The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ...

After the 1974 invasion following a Greek junta-based coup attempt, Makarios secured international recognition of his Greek Cypriot government as the sole legal authority on Cyprus, which has proved to be a very significant strategic advantage for the Greek Cypriots in the decades since. Negotiations continued in the years after 1974 with varying degrees of regularity and success, but none resulted in a full reunification. On 15 November 1983 the Turkish Cypriot North declared independence and the formation of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), which has been recognized only by Turkey. Both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system (Greek Cypriot position) or confederate system (Turkish Cypriot position) of government. 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... General Augusto Pinochet (sitting) as head of the newly established military junta in Chile, September 1973. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Anthem: Ä°stiklÃ¢l MarÅŸÄ± (Turkish) Independence March Capital LefkoÅŸa (Nicosia) Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic[1] - President Mehmet Ali Talat - Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Sovereignty from Republic of Cyprus (de facto) - Proclaimed November 15, 1983 - Recognition Only by Turkey Area - Total 3,355 kmÂ² (not ranked... Non-recognized nations are states that have declared their independence, but not been acknowledged as such by the international community at large. ... A map displaying todays federations. ... A confederation is an association of sovereign states or communities, usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution. ...

Following the 1998 presidential election, Klerides tried to form a government of national unity, by including six ministers from Clerides' Democratic Rally party, two ministers from the socialist EDEK, three from the Democratic Party (who broke ranks with party leader Spyros Kyprianou) and one from the United Democrats. However national unity government was not achieved because leftist wing party AKEL and Democratic Party rejected that offer and preferred to remain oppositioning parties. 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Glafkos Ioannou Clerides (Greek: Î“Î»Î±ÏÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î¿Ï… ÎšÎ»Î·ÏÎ¯Î´Î·Ï‚) (born in Nicosia, Cyprus on 24 April 1919) is a Greek-Cypriot politician and former President of the Republic of Cyprus. ... The Democratic Rally (Greek: Î”Î·Î¼Î¿ÎºÏÎ±Ï„Î¹ÎºÏŒÏ‚ Î£Ï…Î½Î±Î³ÎµÏÎ¼ÏŒÏ‚), or DISY, is a conservative political party in Cyprus, led by Nikos Anastasiadhis. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... The Movement for Social Democracy (Greek: Kinima Sosialdimokraton) is a social-democratic political party in Cyprus. ... The Democratic Party (Greek: Dimokratikon Komma) is a liberal political party in Cyprus, founded in 1976 by Spyros Kyprianou. ... Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou (or Cyprianou) (October 28, 1932 â€“ March 12, 2002) was a Cypriot politician. ... The United Democrats (Enomeni Dimokrates) is a liberal party in Cyprus. ... The Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) (Greek: Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού) is a socialist party in Cyprus. ...

Reunification, the Annan Plan and EU entry

The results of early negotiations between the Greek and Turkish politicians resulted in a broad agreement in principle to reunification as a bicameral, bi-zonal federation with territory allocated to the Greek and Turkish communities within a united island. However, agreement was never reached on the finer details, and the two sides often met deadlock over the following points, among others: A map displaying todays federations. ...

The continued difficulties in finding a settlement presented a potential obstacle to Cypriot entry to the European Union, for which the government had applied in 1997. UN-sponsored talks between the Greek and Turkish leaders, Glafkos Klerides and Rauf Denktash, continued intensively in 2002, but without resolution. In December 2002, the EU formally invited Cyprus to join in 2004, insisting that EU membership would apply to the whole island and hoping that it would provide a significant enticement for reunification resulting from the outcome of ongoing talks. However, weeks before the UN deadline, Klerides was defeated in presidential elections by centre candidate Tassos Papadopoulos. Papadopoulos had a reputation as a hard-liner on reunification and based his stance on international law and human rights. By mid-March, the UN declared that the talks had failed. Glafkos Ioannou Clerides (Greek: Î“Î»Î±ÏÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î¿Ï… ÎšÎ»Î·ÏÎ¯Î´Î·Ï‚) (born in Nicosia, Cyprus on 24 April 1919) is a Greek-Cypriot politician and former President of the Republic of Cyprus. ... Rauf R. Denktash Rauf Raif Denktash (Rauf Raif DenktaÅŸ in Turkish; born January 27, 1924) is a Turkish-Cypriot political leader. ... Tassos Nikolaou Papadopoulos (Greek: Î¤Î¬ÏƒÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ Î Î±Ï€Î±Î´ÏŒÏ€Î¿Ï…Î»Î¿Ï‚) born January 7, 1934) has been the president of the Republic of Cyprus since 2003. ...

A United Nations plan sponsored by Secretary-General Kofi Annan was announced on 31 March 2004, based on what progress had been made during the talks in Switzerland and fleshed out by the UN, was put for the first time to civilians on both sides in separate referenda on 24 April 2004. The Greek side overwhelmingly rejected the Annan Plan, and the Turkish side voted in favour. In considering the outcome it is interesting to note that whilst the Turkish colonists (who make up the majority in the occupied north) were allowed to vote, the refugees who had fled Cyprus had no right to vote in a referendum which would ultimately determine their future (their right to return and right to their property). The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian born diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006, serving two five-year terms. ... March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in leap years), with 275 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Annan Plan was a United Nations proposal to bring about the reunification of the divided island nation of Cyprus as the United Cyprus Republic. ...

In May 2004, Cyprus entered divided the EU, although in practice membership only applies to the southern part of the island which is in the control of the Republic of Cyprus. In acknowledgment of the Turkish Cypriot community's support for reunification, however, the EU made it clear that trade concessions would be reached to stimulate economic growth in the north, and remains committed to reunification under acceptable terms. Though some trade restrictions were lifted on the north to alleviate economic isolation for the Turkish Cypriots, further negotiations have not been a priority. There is now a focus on convincing Turkey to recognise the government of Cyprus, a requirement for Turkish admission advocated most strongly by Cyprus and France.

Constitution

The 16 August 1960 constitution envisioned power sharing between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. Efforts to amends the constitution sparked the intercommunal strife in 1963. This constitution is still in force, though there is no Turkish Cypriot presence in the Cypriot government. August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... Turkish Cypriots are those inhabitants of Cyprus who are ethnically Turkish[1], as opposed to those who are of Greek (the Greek Cypriots) or other ethnicities. ...

Executive branch

The president, elected by popular vote for a five-year term, is both the chief of state and head of government; post of vice president is currently vacant; under the 1960 constitution, the post is reserved for a Turkish Cypriot. The Council of Ministers is appointed jointly by the president and vice president. Tassos Nikolaou Papadopoulos (Greek: Î¤Î¬ÏƒÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ Î Î±Ï€Î±Î´ÏŒÏ€Î¿Ï…Î»Î¿Ï‚) born January 7, 1934) has been the president of the Republic of Cyprus since 2003. ... The Democratic Party (Greek: Dimokratikon Komma) is a liberal political party in Cyprus, founded in 1976 by Spyros Kyprianou. ... March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

The House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosópon/Temsilciler Meclisi) has 59 members elected for a five year term, 56 Greek Cypriot members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Maronite, Roman-Catholic and Armenian minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community. The House of Representatives (Vouli AntiprosÃ³pon/Temsilciler Meclisi) is the parliament of Cyprus. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ... Maronites (Marunoye Ü¡ÜªÜ˜Ü¢ÜÜÜ¶; in Syriac, MÃ¢runiyya Ù…Ø§Ø±ÙˆÙ†ÙŠØ© in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ...

Political parties and elections

An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Cyprus lists political parties in this country. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in Cyprus gives information on election and election results in Cyprus. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tassos Nikolaou Papadopoulos (Greek: Î¤Î¬ÏƒÏƒÎ¿Ï‚ Î Î±Ï€Î±Î´ÏŒÏ€Î¿Ï…Î»Î¿Ï‚) born January 7, 1934) has been the president of the Republic of Cyprus since 2003. ... The Democratic Party (Greek: Dimokratikon Komma) is a liberal political party in Cyprus, founded in 1976 by Spyros Kyprianou. ... Glafkos Ioannou Clerides (Greek: Î“Î»Î±ÏÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î¿Ï… ÎšÎ»Î·ÏÎ¯Î´Î·Ï‚) (born in Nicosia, Cyprus on 24 April 1919) is a Greek-Cypriot politician and former President of the Republic of Cyprus. ... The Democratic Rally (Greek: Î”Î·Î¼Î¿ÎºÏÎ±Ï„Î¹ÎºÏŒÏ‚ Î£Ï…Î½Î±Î³ÎµÏÎ¼ÏŒÏ‚), or DISY, is a conservative political party in Cyprus, led by Nikos Anastasiadhis. ... The New Horizons (Neoi Orizontes) was a political party in Cyprus. ... The House of Representatives (Vouli AntiprosÃ³pon/Temsilciler Meclisi) is the parliament of Cyprus. ... The Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL) (Greek: Î‘Î½Î¿ÏÎ¸Ï‰Ï„Î¹ÎºÏŒ ÎšÏŒÎ¼Î¼Î± Î•ÏÎ³Î±Î¶ÏŒÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î¿Ï… Î›Î±Î¿Ï) is a communist party in Cyprus, taking into account current international political and economic developments. ... The Democratic Rally (Greek: Î”Î·Î¼Î¿ÎºÏÎ±Ï„Î¹ÎºÏŒÏ‚ Î£Ï…Î½Î±Î³ÎµÏÎ¼ÏŒÏ‚), or DISY, is a conservative political party in Cyprus, led by Nikos Anastasiadhis. ... The Democratic Party (Greek: Dimokratikon Komma) is a liberal political party in Cyprus, founded in 1976 by Spyros Kyprianou. ... The Movement for Social Democracy (Greek: Kinima Sosialdimokraton) is a social-democratic political party in Cyprus. ... The European Party (Evropaiko Komma, Î•Ï…ÏÏ‰Ï€Î±ÏŠÎºÏŒ ÎšÏŒÎ¼Î¼Î±) is a political party in Cyprus founded in 2005, largely out of the New Horizons party. ... The Ecological and Environmental Movement, also rendered as Cyprus Green Party (Kinima Oikologoi Perivallontistoi) is a political party in Cyprus. ... The United Democrats (Enomeni Dimokrates) is a liberal party in Cyprus. ... The New Horizons (Neoi Orizontes) was a political party in Cyprus. ...

Political pressure groups and leaders

Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled)

Administrative divisions

6 districts; Famagusta (Ammochostos), Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol (Lemesos), Nicosia (Lefkosia), Paphos; note - occupied area's administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of Famagusta (Ammochostos), and small parts of Lefkosia (Nicosia) and Larnaca. Famagusta (Greek: Î‘Î¼Î¼ÏŒÏ‡Ï‰ÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï‚, Ammochostos; Turkish: GazimaÄŸusa; Italian: Famagosta) is a city on the east coast of Cyprus and capital of the Famagusta District. ... Kyrenia Harbour on a summer night Kyrenia Castle at Night Kyrenia Castle Bellapais Abbey inner court Kyrenia (Greek: ÎšÎµÏÏÎ½ÎµÎ¹Î± Keryneia ; Turkish: Girne) is a town in the north part of Cyprus. ... District Larnaka - Mayor Andreas Moyseos Population (2001) - City 72,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2) Website: http://www. ... District Limassol - Mayor Andreas Christou Population (2001) - City 162,000 Time zone EET (UTC+2) Website: http://www. ... Platia Eleftherias (Freedom square) Nicosia, Cyprus Satellite photo of Nicosia, Cyprus Nicosia, known locally as Lefkosia (Greek: Î›ÎµÏ…ÎºÏ‰ÏƒÎ¯Î± , also colloquially Khora, Î§ÏŽÏÎ± or Turkish: LefkoÅŸa) is the capital and largest city of Cyprus. ... Paphos, usually written Paphos or Paphus in English, (Ancient Greek: ; Modern Greek: Î Î¬Ï†Î¿Ï‚, PÃ¡fos; Latin: Paphus, and for a time, Augusta; Turkish: Baf, formerly Baffa) is a coastal town in the southwest of Cyprus. ...

Exclaves and enclaves

Cyprus has four exclaves, all in territory that belongs to the British Sovereign Base Area of Dhekelia. The first two are the villages of Ormidhia and Xylotymvou. Additionally there is the Dhekelia Power Station, which is divided by a British road into two parts. The northern part is an enclave, like the two villages, whereas the southern part is located by the sea and therefore not an enclave —although it has no territorial waters of its own [1]. D is Bs exclave, but is not an enclave. ... Anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Episkopi Cantonment Official languages English Government Sovereign Base Areas - Administrator Richard Lacey British overseas territory - Established 1960 Area - Total 254 kmÂ² 98 sq mi Population - Density n/a/kmÂ² (n/a) n/a/sq mi Currency Cypriot pound (CYP) Time zone EET (UTC+2... Ormidhia is a village in Larnaca District in south-eastern Cyprus. ... Xylotymvou is a village in Larnaca District in south-eastern Cyprus. ...

The UN buffer zone separating the territory controlled by the Turkish Cypriot administration from the rest of Cyprus runs up against Dhekelia and picks up again from its east side, off of Ayios Nikolaos (connected to the rest of Dhekelia by a thin land corridor). In that sense, the buffer zone turns the south-east corner of the island, the Paralimni area, into a de facto, though not de jure, exclave. Ayios Nikolaos, in the Dhekelia British sovereign base in Cyprus, is a listening station of the spying network ECHELON. The Joint Service Signal Unit (JSSU), formerly 9th Signal Regiment, is based at Ayios Nikolaos providing both the UK Armed Forces and the United Nations Forces with electronic warfare support and... Paralimni is a town situated in the South East of Cyprus, a little way inland, within the Famagusta area. ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

International organization participation

C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EPO, EU Member, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICC, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM(member since 1961, observer after 2004), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO The Commonwealth of Nations (CN), usually known as The Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, the majority of which are former colonies of the United Kingdom. ... CCC may refer to: // Campus Crusade for Christ, an interdenominational Christian organization Canadian Council of Churches, an ecumenical Christian forum of churches in Canada Catechism of the Catholic Church, an official exposition of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church China Christian Council, a pro-government Christian organization in the... The Palais de lEurope in Strasbourg Council of Europe Flag: used by the Council of Europe The Council of Europe (French: , German: ) is an international organization of 46 member states in the European region (with Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkey, Georgia and Cyprus also extending into Southwest Asia and Russia into... Founded in 1991, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) uses the tools of investment to help build market economies and democracies in 27 countries from central Europe to central Asia. ... ECE is an acronym and could mean one of several things: Electrical and Computer Engineering Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Early childhood education ECE-R24, a method for measuring horsepower endothelin-converting enzyme External combustion engine Electron-Cloud Effect This page disambiguates a three-character combination which might be... The European Patent Organisation (EPO or EPOrg in order to distinguish it from the European Patent Office, which is the main organ of the organisation) is a public international organisation set up by the European Patent Convention. ... Motto: In varietate concordia 2 Anthem: Ode to Joy 3 Commission seat Brussels Official languages 23 Member states 27 Presidencies - Commission JosÃ© Manuel Barroso - Parliament Hans-Gert PÃ¶ttering - Council Frank-Walter Steinmeier - European Council Germany Formation - Treaty of Rome 25 March 1957 - Maastricht Treaty 7 February 1992 Area - Total... The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... The IAEA flag The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is an international organization that works to promote and support global trade and globalization. ... Ida can mean the following: Ida of Bernicia, King of a British state. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name. ... The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental international organization established in 1921. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. ... The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. ... The three-letter abbreviation IMO may have several meanings, depending on context: In My Opinion - USENET and internet chat slang. ... Inmarsat plc is an international telecommunications company founded in 1979, originally as an intergovernmental organization. ... Intelsat, Ltd. ... Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, was established as The International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 to assist international criminal police cooperation. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... IOM may refer to Institute of Medicine Iowa, Ohio, Michagin, soybean origin Isle of Man International Organization for Migration This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ... This article is about the location. ... The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is the worlds largest trade union federation. ... NAM stands for: National Association of Manufacturers Non-Aligned Movement Number Assignment Module Network Analysis Module National Assembly Member, a member of the National Assembly of The Gambia. ... OAS may stand for: Old Age Security Oracle Application Server Oral Allergy Syndrome Organisation de larmÃ©e secrÃ¨te Organization of American States Office Automation Systems Option Adjusted Spread Oas, Albay is a municipality in the Philippines. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is not an agency of the United Nations. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... PCA may stand for: Pacific Coast Academy (Zoey 101) Parti Communiste AlgÃ©rien (Algerian Communist Party) Partido Comunista de AndalucÃa (Communist Party of Andalusia) Partido Comunista de AragÃ³n (Communist Party of Aragon) Partido Comunista de la Argentina (Communist Party of Argentina) Pacific Coast Academy, the fictional school in... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1963 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... Headquarters in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... World Tourism Organization Building in Madrid The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... WTO redirects here. ...

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