Politics of Ecuador
Politics of Ecuador Political parties in Ecuador Elections in Ecuador File links The following pages link to this file: Ecuador Politics of Ecuador Latin America Organization of American States Aston Villa F.C. Freedom House Football World Cup 2002 User:AntonioMartin Football World Cup 2006 OPEC Guayas F.C. Dallas Copa América UN Human Development Index List of national... The Elections and Parties Series Democracy Liberal democracy History of democracy Referenda Representative democracy Representation Voting Voting systems Elections Elections by country Elections by calender Electoral systems Politics Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Related topics Political parties Parties by country Parties by name Parties by ideology... Political parties in Ecuador lists political parties in this country. ... Politics of Ecuador Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Ecuador ...

The constitution of Ecuador provides for concurrent four-year terms of office for the president, vice president, and members of Congress. Presidents may be re-elected after an intervening term, while legislators may be re-elected immediately. Citizens must be at least 18 years of age to vote. Suffrage is universal and compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65 and optional for other eligible voters. The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador. ...

The executive branch includes 15 ministries. Provincial governors and councilors, like mayors and aldermen and parish boards, are directly elected. Congress meets throughout the year except for recess in July and December. There are 20 seven-member congressional committees.

Former Vice President Alfredo Palacio assumed the presidency on April 20, 2005 after Congress removed Lucio Gutiérrez amid escalating street protests precipitated by growing criticism of Gutiérrez Supreme Court appointments. Alfredo Palacio Dr. Luis Alfredo Palacio González (born January 22, 1939) is the current President of Ecuador. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lucio Gutiérrez Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (born March 23, 1957) is an Ecuadorian soldier and politician; he was President of Ecuador from January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005. ...

New justices of the Supreme Court are elected by the sitting members of the court. A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President Lucio Gutiérrez in December, 2004, ousted 27 of the 31 justices and replaced them with new members chosen by Congress, notwithstanding the lack of any provisions permitting impeachment of Supreme Court justices by Congress and the specific provisions giving the Court the power to select new members. Earlier, in November 2004, Congress replaced the majority of judges on the country’s Electoral Court and Constitutional Court by a similar process. Lucio Gutiérrez Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (born March 23, 1957) is an Ecuadorian soldier and politician; he was President of Ecuador from January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005. ... For other uses, see November (disambiguation). ... 2004(MMIV) is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Political conditions
Ecuador's political parties have historically been small, loose organizations that depended more on populist, often charismatic, leaders to retain support than on programs or ideology. Frequent internal splits have produced extreme factionalism. However, a pattern has emerged in which administrations from the center-left alternate with those from the center-right. Although Ecuador's political elite is highly factionalized along regional, ideological, and personal lines, a strong desire for consensus on major issues often leads to compromise. Opposition forces in Congress are loosely organized, but historically they often unite to block the administration's initiatives and to remove cabinet ministers. The Elections and Parties Series Democracy Representative democracy History of democracy Referenda Liberal democracy Representation Voting Voting systems Ideology Elections Elections by country Elections by calendar Electoral systems Politics Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Related topics Political parties Parties by country Parties by name Parties by... In sociology as in general usage, the élite (the elect, from French) is a relatively small dominant group within a larger society, which enjoys a privileged status which is upheld by individuals of lower social status within the structure of a group. ...

Constitutional changes enacted by a specially elected National Constitutional Assembly in 1998 took effect on August 10, 1998. The new constitution strengthens the executive branch by eliminating mid-term congressional elections and by circumscribing Congress' power to challenge cabinet ministers. Party discipline is traditionally weak, and routinely many deputies switch allegiance during each Congress. However, after the new Constitution took effect, the Congress passed a code of ethics which imposes penalties on members who defy their party leadership on key votes. August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...

Beginning with the 1996 election, the indigenous population abandoned its traditional policy of shunning the official political system and participated actively. The indigenous population has established itself as a significant force in Ecuadorian politics, as shown by the selection of indigenous representative Nina Pacari, who led the indigenous political party, Pachakutik, as second vice president of the 1998 Congress. The next presidential and congressional elections are currently scheduled for 2006. 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... The Elections and Parties Series Democracy Representative democracy History of democracy Referenda Liberal democracy Representation Voting Voting systems Ideology Elections Elections by country Elections by calendar Electoral systems Politics Politics by country Political campaigns Political science Political philosophy Related topics Political parties Parties by country Parties by name Parties by...

Executive branch

chief of state: President Alfredo Palacio (since April 20, 2005); Vice President Alejandro Serrano; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alfredo Palacio (since April 20, 2005); Vice President Alejandro Serrano; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
elections: The president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year term (no reelection); Lucio Gutiérrez was dramatically removed by an act of Congress on 20 April 2005; election last held 20 October 2002; runoff election held 24 November 2002 (next to be held 2006)
election results: Results of the last election were: Lucio Gutiérrez elected president; percent of vote - 54% Alfredo Palacio Dr. Luis Alfredo Palacio González (born January 22, 1939) is the current President of Ecuador. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alfredo Palacio Dr. Luis Alfredo Palacio González (born January 22, 1939) is the current President of Ecuador. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (born March 23, 1957) is an Ecuadorian soldier and politician; he became President of Ecuador on January 15, 2003. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005(MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

Ecuador has a unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional. There are 100 members, who are elected by popular vote by province to serve four-year terms. Ecuador is divided into 22 provinces: Azuay, Bolívar, Cañar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galápagos Islands, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Ríos, Manabí, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbíos, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe
elections: last held 20 October 2002 (next to be held 2006)
election results: Seats by party - DP 32, PSC 27, PRE 24, ID 18, P-NP 9, FRA 5, PCE 3, MPD 2, CFP 1; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ... The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) is the unicameral legislative branch of the government of Ecuador. ... Azuay is a province of Ecuador, created 25 June 1824. ... Bolívar is a province in Ecuador. ... Ca ar is a province in Ecuador. ... Carchi is a province in Ecuador. ... Chimborazo is a province in Ecuador. ... Cotopaxi is an Ecuadorian stratovolcano. ... El Oro is a province of Ecuador. ... Esmeraldas is the Spanish word for emeralds. It is a toponym that can mean the following: A province in Ecuador, see Esmeraldas (province) The capital of the province, see Esmeraldas (city) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Orthographic projection centred over the Galapagos For the novel Galapagos by Kurt Vonnegut, see: Galápagos (book) The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of some 13 volcanic islands and associated islets and rocks located in the Pacific Ocean about 1,000 kilometers west of the coast of South America. ... Guayas is the most populated province in Ecuador. ... Imbabura is a province in Ecuador. ... Loja is a toponym in Ecuador. ... Los Ríos is a province in Ecuador. ... Manabí is a province in Ecuador. ... Morona-Santiago is a province in Ecuador. ... The Napo is a tributary to the Amazon River that rises in Ecuador on the flanks of the volcanoes of Antisana, Sincholagua and Cotopaxi. ... Orellana is a province of Ecuador. ... The Pastaza (the ancient river Sumatara) is a large tributary to the Amazon River. ... Pichincha is an active volcano in the country of Ecuador whose capital Quito wraps around its eastern slopes. ... Sucumbíos is a province in Ecuador. ... Tungurahua (Quechua tunguri=gullet, rahua=burn, spit fire) is an active stratovolcano in Ecuador. ... Zamora-Chinchipe is a province in Ecuador. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Political parties and leaders

(Main article: List of political parties in Ecuador)
The primary political parties are: Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP Averroes Bucaram; Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo Borja Cevallos]; National Action Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Álvaro Noboa]; Pachakutik Movement Gilberto Talahua; Patriotic Society Party or PSP Lucio Gutiérrez Borbúa; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel Fuertes]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo Teran Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian Alarcon, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala Bucaram Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual Del Cioppo]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor Granda]
note: political blocs include: far left - MPD; populist - CFP and P-NP; populist left - PRE; center left - ID, DP, and FRA; center right - PSC and PCE Political parties in Ecuador lists political parties in this country. ... Lucio Gutiérrez Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (born March 23, 1957) is a former Ecuadorian soldier and politician; he was President of Ecuador from January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005. ...

Political pressure groups and leaders

Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Leonidas Iza, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon Santos]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Marco Murillo, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Pedro De La Cruz, president]; Popular Front or FP [Luis Villacis] CONAIEs flag which includes the Incan sun on the Pachakutik rainbow. ...

Legal system

Ecuador's legal system is based on the civil law system. Ecuador has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.

International organization participation:

Ecuador or Ecuadorian organizations participate in the following international organizations: the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Group of Eleven (G-11), Group of 77 (G-77), Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), ICC, ICC, International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), International Red Cross, International Development Association (IDA), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), International Labour Organization (ILO), IMF, International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, IOC, International Organization for Migration (IOM), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Latin American Economic System (LAES), Latin American Integration Association (LAIA), Nonaligned Movement (NAM), OAS, Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL), Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), RG, United Nations, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Confederation of Labor (WCL), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), World Health Organization (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Tourism Organization (WToO), World Trade Organization (WTO) Spanish: Comunidad Andina, abbreviated CAN) is a trade bloc that comprises the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC or ECLAC) was established in 1948 (then as the UN Economic Commission for Latin America) to encourage economic cooperation among its member states. ... With its headquarters in Rome, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations programs seek to raise levels of nutrition and standard of living; to improve the production, processing, marketing, and distribution of food and agricultural products; to promote rural development; and, by these means, to eliminate hunger. ... The Inter-American Development Bank, was established in 1959 to support Latin American and Caribbean economic/social development and regional integration by lending mainly to public institutions. ... The IAEA flag The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957, seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... The International CivilOrganization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is an international organization that works to promote and support global trade and globalization. ... Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). ... The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement consists of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Federation), and the 181 national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies currently recognized by the ICRC and admitted as full members of... The International Development Association (IDA) was created on September 24, 1960, is a UN specialized agency. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental international organization established in 1921. ... International Labour organization is involved with justice. ... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... Intelsat is the worlds largest commercial satellite communications services provider. ... Interpol logo Interpol, more correctly the International Criminal Police Organization – Interpol (ICPO-Interpol), was created in 1923 to assist international criminal police co-operation. ... The International Olympic Committee is an organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organise this sports event every four years. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organisation. ... Logo of the International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO or iso) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from national standards bodies. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... The Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (the Latin American Integration Association; known as ALADI or, occasionally, by the English acronym LAIA) is a Latin American trade integration association, based in Montevideo. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... The Organization of American States (OAS; OEA in the other three official languages) is an international organization, headquartered in Washington, D.C., USA. Its members are the 35 independent nations of the Americas. ... United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, 1969 The Treaty of Tlatelolco is the conventional name given to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... The phrase Hague Tribunal can also be used to refer to ICTY. The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), also known as the Hague Tribunal is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. ... The Rio Group is an international organization of Latin American states. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1946. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU) is a international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... The WHO flag: similar to the flag of the United Nations, augmented with the symbolic staff and serpent of Asklepios, Greek god of medicine and healing. ... Headquarters in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... The World Tourism Organization (WTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... WTO Logo The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization which oversees a large number of agreements defining the rules of trade between its member states (WTO, 2004a). ...

Web links

• The people prevail