Politics of Latvia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. The President holds a primarily ceremonial role as Head of State. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament, the Saeima. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. See also: Lists of office-holders Categories: | ... Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (left) with Condoleezza Rice Dr. Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (born December 1, 1937 in Riga, Latvia) is the current and first female President of Latvia. ... The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Latvian government, and presides over the Latvian cabinet. ... Aigars KalvÄ«tis (born June 27, 1966) is a Latvian politician and the current Prime Minister of Latvia. ... The Saeima Plenary Chamber The Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. ... If the President of Latvia decides to dissolve the Saeima (parliament), the Constitution calls for a referendum to be held immediately. ... Political parties in Latvia lists political parties in Latvia. ... Elections in Latvia gives information on election and election results in Latvia. ... Elections for 5th Saeima, the parliament of Latvia were held on June 5 and June 6, 1993. ... Elections for 6th Saeima, the parliament of Latvia were held on September 30 and October 1, 1995. ... Elections for 7th Saeima, the parliament of Latvia were held on October 3, 1998. ... Elections for 8th Saeima, the parliament of Latvia were held on October 5, 2002. ... The next Latvian general election is scheduled to be held on October 7, 2006. ... Indirect presidential elections will be held in Latvia on 6 June 2007. ... Latvia is divided into 26 districts (apriņķis; plural - apriņķi)(more often - rajons (rajoni)) and 7 cities (lielpilsÄ“tas; singular - lielpilsÄ“ta), indicated with asterisks: Aizkraukle District AlÅ«ksne District Balvi District Bauska District CÄ“sis District Daugavpils District Daugavpils* Dobele District Gulbene District JÄ“kabpils District Jelgava District... The European Union or EU is a supranational and international organization of 27 member states. ... Today`s Republic of Latvia regards itself as a continuation of the 1918-1940 republic. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in U.S. English), is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose governance is based on popular representation and control. ... The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Latvian government, and presides over the Latvian cabinet. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... See also: Lists of office-holders Categories: | ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The Saeima Plenary Chamber The Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      In law, the judiciary or judicial is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ...

Political developments since independence

On March 19, 1991 the Supreme Council passed a law explicitly guaranteeing "equal rights to all nationalities and ethnic groups" and "guarantees to all permanent residents in the Republic regardless of their nationality, equal rights to work and wages." The law also prohibits "any activity directed toward nationality discrimination or the promotion of national superiority or hatred." March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ...

In autumn 1991 Latvia reimplemented significant portions of its 1922 constitution and in spring 1993 the government took a census to determine eligibility for citizenship. After almost three years of deliberations, Latvia finalized a citizenship and naturalization law in summer 1994.

In the June 5-6, 1993 elections wherein over 90% of the electorate participated, eight of Latvia's 23 registered political parties passed the four percent threshold to enter parliament. The Popular Front, which spearheaded the drive for independence 2 years ago with a 75% majority in the last parliamentary elections in 1990, did not qualify for representation. The centrist Latvian Way party received a 33% plurality of votes and joined with the Farmer's Union to head a center-right wing coalition government. June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining in the year. ... Latvian Way (Latvian: Latvijas Ceļš) is a very liberal party in Latvia. ...

Led by the opposition National Conservative Party, right-wing nationalists won a majority of the seats nationwide and also captured the Riga mayoralty in the 29 May 1994 municipal elections. OSCE and COE observers pronounced the elections free and fair, and turnout averaged about 60%. In February 1995, the Council of Europe granted Latvia membership. The Latvian National Independence Movement (Latvijas Nacionālās Neatkarības Kustība or LNNK) was a political organization in Latvia from 1988 till mid-1990s. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ...

Through President Clinton's initiative, on 30 April 1994 Latvia and Russia signed a troop withdrawal agreement. Russia withdrew its troops by 31 August 1994, but maintained several hundred technical specialists to staff an OSCE-monitored phased-array ABM radar station at Skrunda until 31 August 1998. April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a missile designed to counter ballistic missiles. ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ...

The 30 September-1 October 1995 elections brought forth a deeply fragmented parliament with nine parties represented and the largest party commanding only 18 of 100 seats. Attempts to form right-of-center and leftist governments failed; 7 weeks after the election, a broad but fractious coalition government of six of the nine parties was voted into office under Prime Minister Andris Šķēle, a nonpartisan businessman. The also-popular president, Guntis Ulmanis, had limited constitutional powers but played a key role in leading the various political forces to agree finally to this broad coalition. In June 1996, the Saeima re-elected Ulmanis to another 3-year term. In a summer 1997 scandal, the daily newspaper Diena revealed that half the cabinet ministers and two-thirds of parliamentarians appeared to violate the 1996 anti-corruption law, which bars senior officials from holding positions in private business. Under pressure from Šķēle, several ministers subsequently resigned or were fired. However, after months of increasing hostility between Šķēle and leading coalition politicians, the coalition parties demanded--and received--the prime minister's resignation on 28 July. The new government was formed by the recent Minister of Economy Guntars Krasts. It included the same parties and mostly the same ministers as Šķēle's government. It pursued the same course of reform, albeit not as vigorously. September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Andris Å Ä·Ä“le is a Latvian politician. ... Guntis Ulmanis (born on September 13, 1939) is a Latvian politician and was the president of Latvia from 1993 to 1999. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 156 days remaining. ...

In the 1998 elections, the Latvian party structure began to consolidate with only six parties obtaining seats in the Saeima. Andris Šķēle's newly formed People's Party garnered a plurality with 24 seats. Though the election represented a victory for the center-right, personality conflicts and scandals within the two largest right of center parties–Latvian Way and the People's Party–prevented stable coalitions from forming. Two shaky governments under Vilis Krištopans and Andris Šķēle quickly collapsed in less than a year. In May 2000, a compromise candidate was found in the form of Andris Bērziņš, the Latvian Way mayor of Rīga. His four-party coalition government lasted till the next elections in 2002. The Peoples Party, Popular Party, or Populist Party, is any of several political parties claiming to speak for the people; see Populism. ... Latvian Way (Latvian: Latvijas Ceļš) is a very liberal party in Latvia. ... The Peoples Party, Popular Party, or Populist Party, is any of several political parties claiming to speak for the people; see Populism. ... Vilis KriÅ¡topans (born June 13, 1954 in Omsk, Russia) is a Latvian politician. ... Latvian Way (Latvian: Latvijas Ceļš) is a very liberal party in Latvia. ...

In 1999, the Saeima elected Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, a compromise candidate with no party affiliation, to the presidency. Though born in Rīga in 1937, she settled in Canada during the years of the Soviet occupation, becoming a well-respected academic in the subject of Latvian culture. Since her election, she has become one of the most popular political figures in Latvia. Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (left) with Condoleezza Rice Dr. Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (born December 1, 1937 in Riga, Latvia) is the current and first female President of Latvia. ...

Local elections in 2001 represented a victory for the left-of-center parties in several municipalities, including Rīga. A leftist coalition in the Rīga City Council elected Gundars Bojārs, a Social Democrat, to the office of mayor.

Between local elections in 2001 and Saeima elections in 2002, two new parties formed: the conservative New Era Party led by Einars Repše and Christian Democratic Latvia's First Party. Both of them promised to fight corruption and made that the most important issue in 2002 elections. Six parties were elected to Saiema in 2002 elections. New Era Party with 26 seats out of 100 became the largest party in the parliament. Several previously successful parties such as Latvian Way and Social Democrats did not reach 5% of popular vote needed to be in the parliament. This was mostly due to voters perceiving these parties as corrupt. After elections, Einars Repše formed a government consisting of his New Era Party and three other parties. New Era Party (Jaunais Laiks) is a conservative political party in Latvia. ... Einars RepÅ¡e (born December 9, 1961 in Jelgava, Latvia) is a Latvian politician. ... The Latvias First Party (Latvijas Pirmā Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... New Era Party (Jaunais Laiks) is a conservative political party in Latvia. ... Latvian Way (Latvian: Latvijas Ceļš) is a very liberal party in Latvia. ... New Era Party (Jaunais Laiks) is a conservative political party in Latvia. ...

In 2003, Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga was reelected to the presidency for the second term, until 2007. On 20 September 2003, Latvia voted to join European Union in a referendum. Virtually all of major political parties and major Latvian-language media supported the 'YES' vote. Latvian government also spent significant amount of money for the 'YES' campagain. The 'NO' campaign lacked both funding and media access. Out of voters who participiated in the referendum, 66.9% of cast votes in favor of EU. The vote was largerly along the ethnic lines. It is estimated that 84% of ethnic Latvians voted 'YES', while 91% of ethnic Russians voted 'NO' [1]. September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

After the referendum, Repše's government started to fall apart and he eventually resigned in January 2004. A new government, led by Indulis Emsis, head of the conservative "Union of Greens and Farmers" (ZZS) was approved by the parliament in March 2004. The government is a coalition of ZZS, TP (People's party), and LPP (First Party); the coalition has only 46 out of 100 seats in Latvia's parliament, but was also supported by TSP, the leftist party of national harmony. After the Saeima did not accept the budget for 2005 proposed by the government of Indulis Emsis, the government resigned. On 2 December 2004, Aigars Kalvītis became the new Prime Minister and thus head of the government. Indulis Emsis (born January 2, 1952) is a biologist and Latvian politician who was Prime Minister of Latvia. ... Zaļo un Zemnieku SavienÄ«ba (abbreviated ZZS, English: Union of Greens and Farmers or Union of Greens and Rustics) is a political alliance in Latvia. ... The Peoples Party (Latvian: Tautas Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aigars KalvÄ«tis (born June 27, 1966) is a Latvian politician and the current Prime Minister of Latvia. ...

Citizenship issue

The current citizenship law was adopted in 1998 after much debate and pressure from Russia and European Union and amended a more restrictive law passed in 1994. In accordance with law, Latvian citizens are those who had Latvian citizenship prior to June 17, 1940, and their descendants. Those who settled in Latvia during Soviet occupation, with exception of those who did so subsequent to retirement from Soviet Army, or were employees, informers, agents or safehouse keepers of the KGB, or of the security services, intelligence services or other special services of some other foreign state^[1], can obtain Latvian citizenship via naturalization. Other categories of persons not eligible for naturalization include convicted criminals, state officials and servicemen of armed forces of a foreign state, members of Communist Party as well as members of certain affiliate organizations, who, after 13 January 1991, have acted against the Latvian State. Naturalization criteria include a conversational knowledge of Latvian, an oath of loyalty, renunciation of former citizenship, a 5-year residency requirement, and a knowledge of the Latvian constitution. As of November 2005, about 109,000 persons have applied for naturalization and about 103,000 of them have been granted Latvian citizenship. Note: This article is about the KGB of the USSR. KGB is also the official title of the Belarusian intelligence services. ... Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city or town but now usually a country) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. ... Naturalization is the act whereby a person voluntarily and actively acquires a nationality which is not his or her nationality at birth. ... The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Russian: Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за = КПСС) was the name used by the successors of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party from 1952 to 1991, but the wording Communist Party was present in the partys name since 1918 when the Bolsheviks became the Russian...

In 2006 approximately 18 per cent of the total population (420,000 inhabitants of Latvia, slightly less than half of ethnically non-Latvian population) has no Latvian citizenship. Most of them have Latvian non-Citizen Passports, which give them a status equivalent to permanent residency in other countries. They can reside in Latvia indefinitely and obtain most of public services (e.g. education and healthcare) according to the same conditions as the citizens of Latvia. Non-citizens of Latvia cannot vote during municipal and state elections and are not allowed to work in government, police and civil services. Several foreign nations also treat citizens and non-citizens of Latvia differently, admitting citizens of Latvia without visa but requiring visas from non-citizens. Russia used to have an opposite practice, requiring visas from citizens of Latvia but allowing non-citizens to travel to Russia without a visa.

Latvia allows dual citizenship for those who were forced to leave Latvia during the Soviet or Nazi occupation and adopted another citizenship while away from Latvia. In order to be eligible for dual citizenship, they had to claim it by July 1, 1995.

Executive branch

The president is elected by Parliament for a four-year term (amended from a three-year term on 4 December 1997). The prime minister is appointed by the president. The prime minister then chooses the Council of Ministers which has to be approved by the Parliament. See also: Lists of office-holders Categories: | ... Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (left) with Condoleezza Rice Dr. Vaira VÄ«Ä·e-Freiberga (born December 1, 1937 in Riga, Latvia) is the current and first female President of Latvia. ... July 8 is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 176 days remaining. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Latvian government, and presides over the Latvian cabinet. ... Aigars KalvÄ«tis (born June 27, 1966) is a Latvian politician and the current Prime Minister of Latvia. ... The Peoples Party (Latvian: Tautas Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Zaļo un Zemnieku SavienÄ«ba (abbreviated ZZS, English: Union of Greens and Farmers or Union of Greens and Rustics) is a political alliance in Latvia. ... The Latvias First Party (Latvijas Pirmā Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK) is a nationalistic political party in Latvia. ... December 4th redirects here. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

The unicameral Parliament (Saeima) has 100 members, elected for a four year term by proportional representation with a 5% threshold. The parliamentary elections are held on the first Saturday of October. Locally, Latvia elects municipal councils, consisting of 7 to 60 members, depending on the size of the municipality, also by proportional representation for a four year term. The Saeima Plenary Chamber The Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...

Political parties and elections

For other political parties see List of political parties in Latvia. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Latvia.

More info: Latvian parliamentary election, 2002

A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Latvia lists political parties in Latvia. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in Latvia gives information on election and election results in Latvia. ... The Saeima Plenary Chamber The Saeima is the parliament of the Republic of Latvia. ... New Era Party (Jaunais Laiks) is a conservative political party in Latvia. ... Par CilvÄ“ka TiesÄ«bām Vienotā Latvijā (abbreviated PCTVL, For Human Rights in United Latvia) is an alliance of several political parties in Latvia, supported mainly by Russian-speaking Latvians. ... Tautas Saskaņas Partija (abbreviated TSP, English: Peoples Harmony Party or National Harmony Party) is a political party in Latvia. ... The Latvian Socialist Party (Latvian: Latvijas Socialistiska Partija) was formed in 1994 in response to the banning of the communist party after the collapse of the Soviet Union. ... Equal Rights (LÄ«dztiesÄ«ba) is a political party in Latvia, mainly supported by the Russian minority. ... The Peoples Party (Latvian: Tautas Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... Zaļo un Zemnieku SavienÄ«ba (abbreviated ZZS, English: Union of Greens and Farmers or Union of Greens and Rustics) is a political alliance in Latvia. ... The Latvian Farmers Union (Latvijas Zemnieku savienība) is an agrarian political party in Latvia. ... The Latvian Green Party (Latvian: Latvijas Zaļā partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... The Latvias First Party (Latvijas Pirmā Partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK) is a nationalistic political party in Latvia. ... Latvian Way (Latvian: Latvijas Ceļš) is a very liberal party in Latvia. ... The Latvian Social Democratic Labour Party (Latvian: Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā Stradnieku Partija, abbreviated as LSDSP) is a political party in Latvia. ... The Light of Latgale (Latgales Gaisma) is a Latgale regionalist political party in Latvia. ... The Social Democratic Union (Sociāldemokrātu savienība) is a political party in Latvia. ... The Social Democratic Welfare Party (Sociāldemokrātiskā Labklājības partija) is a political party in Latvia. ... Elections for 8th Saeima, the parliament of Latvia were held on October 5, 2002. ...

Judicial branch

Supreme Court, judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament

Administrative divisions

Latvia is divided in 26 counties (singular - rajons) and 7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons, Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons, Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons, Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons, Kuldigas Rajons, Liepaja*, Liepajas Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres Rajons, Preilu Rajons, Rezekne*, Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons, Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons, Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*, Ventspils Rajons.

Notes

International organization participation

BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITUC, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WTrO (applicant) BIS Headquarters in Basel The Bank for International Settlements (or BIS) is an international organization of central banks which exists to foster cooperation among central banks and other agencies in pursuit of monetary and financial stability. It carries out its work through subcommittees, the secretariats it hosts, and through its... The Baltic Sea The Council of the Baltic Sea States (abbrevated CBSS) is an intergovernmental organization formed to handle (mainly environmental) issues concerning the Baltic Sea region. ... Anthem Ode to Joy (orchestral)  ten founding members joined subsequently observer at the Parliamentary Assembly observer at the Committee of Ministers  official candidate Seat Strasbourg, France Membership 47 European states 6 observers (Council) 3 observers (Assembly) Leaders  -  Secretary General  Terry Davis  -  Commissioner for Human Rights   Establishment  -  Treaty of London May... EAPC may refer to: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council European Association of Political Consultants European Association of Palliative Care Escola dAdministració Pública de Catalunya Expanded Access to Primary Care European Aviation Preservation Council Employee Assistance Program Consortium This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other... The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) was founded in 1991 to promote private and entrepreneurial initiatives in the countries of central and eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). ... ECE is an acronym and could mean one of several things: Electrical and Computer Engineering Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Early childhood education ECE-R24, a method for measuring horsepower endothelin-converting enzyme External combustion engine Electron-Cloud Effect This page disambiguates a three-character combination which might be... Possible meanings: Faro Airport (Portugal) Federation of Astrobiology Organizations Financial Aid Office Food and Agriculture Organization This page expands a three-character combination which might be any or all of: an abbreviation, an acronym, an initialism, a word in English, or a word in another language. ... IAEA The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), established as an autonomous organization on July 29, 1957, seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... ICRM may refer to: International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Institute of Certified Records Managers International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology International Chemometrics Research Meeting This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ida can mean the following: Ida of Bernicia, King of a British state. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. ... “IMF” redirects here. ... The three-letter abbreviation IMO may have several meanings, depending on context: In My Opinion - USENET and internet chat slang. ... The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is the worlds largest trade union federation. ... Intelsat, Ltd. ... Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, was established as The International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 to assist international criminal police cooperation. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. ... The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards bodies. ... This article is about the location. ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... NSG may stand for: Natation Sportive Geneve National Seminars Group National Service Group, Inc National Street Gazetteer (UK) Navigators Studentenvereniging Groningen Netherlands Research School of Sedimentary Geology Network Services Group Network Support Group Network Systems Group Netzwerk-Service GmbH Niels Steensens Gymnasium Nippon Sheet Glass North Sea Gas Northwest Source... OAS may stand for: Old Age Security Oracle Application Server Oral Allergy Syndrome Organisation de larmée secrète Organization of American States Office Automation Systems Option Adjusted Spread Oas, Albay is a municipality in the Philippines. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is an international organization for security. ... PFP may stand for: Partnership for Peace (PfP) People First Party (South Korea) People First Party (Taiwan) , a political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan. ... This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU) is a international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps Members (currently Customs administrations from 169 countries) communicate and co-operate on customs issues. ... Not to be confused with the European Union, the Western European Union (WEU) is said by some to be a partially dormant European defence and security organization composed of those states members of both NATO and the EU. Interestingly, however, New York Universitys published work (Holyworth and Jolyon) Defending... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and has as its core objectives the promotion of creative intellectual activity and the facilitation of the transfer of technology related to intellectual property to the developing countries in order to accelerate economic, social... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ...