NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Politics of Liberia

Politics of Liberia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic modeled on the government of the United States, whereby the President is the head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the legislature. Liberia is still in transition from dictatorship and civil war to democracy. Liberia's government is based on the American model of a republic with three equal branches of government, though in reality the President of Liberia has usually been the dominant force in Liberian politics. Following the dissolution of the Republican Party in 1876, the True Whig Party dominated the Liberian government until the 1980 coup. Currently, no party has majority control of the legislature. The longest serving president in Liberian history was William Tubman, serving from 1944 until his death in 1971. The shortest term was held by James Skivring Smith, who controlled the government all of two months. However, the political process from Liberia's founding in 1847, despite widespread corruption, was very stable until the end of the First Republic in 1980. The following is a list of Presidents of the Republic of Liberia, made up of the 24 heads of state in the history of Liberia. ... Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (born October 29, 1938) is the current president of Liberia and Africas first elected female head of state. ... The Vice-President of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in the Liberian government. ... Joseph Boakai (born November 30, 1944) is the Vice-President elect of Liberia. ... The Cabinet of Liberia, together with the President and Vice-President, form the executive branch of government in the country. ... The Legislature of Liberia is bicameral, consisting of a Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house), same as the Congress of the United States. ... The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The Supreme Court of Liberia is the highest judicial body in Liberia. ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Liberia ... Liberian elections in 2005 marked the end of the political transition following Liberias second civil war. ... The following is a list of Liberian politicians, both past and present. ... Political parties in Liberia lists political parties in Liberia. ... There are 15 counties in Liberia, as of 2005. ... Liberias 15 counties are subdivided into districts. ... UNMIL is the acronym for the United Nations Mission in Liberia, a peace-keeping force for Liberia, which was established by Resolution 1509 of the United Nations Security Council in 2003. ... The Liberian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) is a Parliament-enacted organization created in May 2005 in order to investigate and report on gross human rights violations that occured in Liberia between January 1979 and 14 October 2003. ... Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The following is a list of Presidents of the Republic of Liberia, made up of the 24 heads of state in the history of Liberia. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The following is a list of Presidents of the Republic of Liberia, made up of the 24 heads of state in the history of Liberia. ... The Republican Party of Liberia was a political party founded soon after the founding of Liberia in 1848. ... The True Whig, also known as Liberian Whig Party, was Liberias only legal political party for over 100 years, from 1878 to the coup detat of 1980. ... William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (November 29, 1895 â€“ July 23, 1971) was President of Liberia from 1944 until his death in 1971. ... James Skivring Smith was the interim President of Liberia from November 4, 1871 to January 1, 1872 when Joseph Jenkins Roberts was elected. ...

Political developments

From 1980 to 2003, Liberia was governed by a series of military and transitional governments. The president of the last of these, Charles Taylor, was forced to step down in 2003, and the United Nations installed a transitional government. Elections to select a government to replace the transitional government took place in October and November 2005. (see Liberian elections, 2005). For other persons named Charles Taylor, see Charles Taylor (disambiguation). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... A transitional government is a temporary national administration usually put into place pending the establishment of a permanent government. ... Liberian elections in 2005 mark the end of the transition following Liberias second civil war. ...

In the 1980s, Samuel K. Doe's government increasingly adopted an ethnic outlook as members of his Krahn ethnic group soon dominated political and military life in Liberia. This caused a heightened level of ethnic tension leading to frequent hostilities between the politically and militarily dominant Krahns and other ethnic groups in the country. Samuel Kanyon Doe (May 6, 1950/1951–September 9, 1990) was the president of the West African country of Liberia from 1980 to 1990. ... Krahn is an ethnic group of Liberia; it is also the language traditionally spoken by these people. ...

Political parties remained banned until 1984. Elections were held on October 15, 1985 in which Doe's National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) was declared winner. The elections were characterized by widespread fraud and rigging. The period after the elections saw increased human rights abuses, corruption, and ethnic tensions. The standard of living, which had been rising in the 1970s, declined drastically. On November 12, 1985, former Army Commanding General Thomas Quiwonkpa invaded Liberia by way of neighboring Sierra Leone and almost succeeded in toppling the government of Samuel Doe. Members of the Krahn-dominated Armed Forces of Liberia repelled Quiwonkpa's attack and executed him in Monrovia. Political parties in Liberia lists political parties in Liberia. ... Liberia held Presidential and Legislative elections on 15 October 1985. ... is the 288th day of the year (289th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... The National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Thomas Quiwonkpa, a Gio from Nimba County, was a Commanding General of the Armed Forces of Liberia and founder of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia. ... For alternate meanings, see Monrovia (disambiguation). ...

On December 24, 1989, a small band of rebels led by Doe's former procurement chief, Charles Taylor invaded Liberia from Côte d'Ivoire. Taylor and his National Patriotic Front rebels rapidly gained the support of Liberians because of the repressive nature of Samuel Doe and his government. Barely six months after the rebels first attacked, they had reached the outskirts of Monrovia. is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... For other persons named Charles Taylor, see Charles Taylor (disambiguation). ... The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) was a rebel group that initiated and participated in the Liberian Civil War. ...

The Liberian Civil War, which was one of Africa's bloodiest, claimed the lives of more than 200,000 Liberians and further displaced a million others into refugee camps in neighboring countries. Charles Taylor, a leader of the NPFL and later President of Liberia. ...

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened and succeeded in preventing Charles Taylor from capturing Monrovia. Prince Johnson who had been a member of Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) but broke away because of policy differences, formed the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Johnson's forces captured and killed Doe on 9 September 1990. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... The National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) was a rebel group that initiated and participated in the Liberian Civil War. ... The Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL) was a rebel group that participated in the Liberian Civil War. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

An Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU) was formed in Gambia under the auspices of ECOWAS in October 1990 and Dr. Amos Sawyer became President. Taylor refused to work with the interim government and continued war. Amos Sawyer (born 1945) was the President of the Interim Government of National Unity in Liberia (November 22, 1990â€“March 7, 1994). ...

By 1992, several warring factions had emerged in the Liberian civil war, all of which were absorbed in the new transitional government. After several peace accords and declining military power, Taylor finally agreed to the formation of a five-man transitional government.

After considerable progress in negotiations conducted by the United States, United Nations, Organization of African Unity, and the Economic Community of West African States, disarmament and demobilization of warring factions were hastily carried out and special elections were held on 19 July 1997 with Charles Taylor and his National Patriotic Party emerging victorious. Taylor won the election by a large majority, primarily because Liberians feared a return to war had Taylor lost. However, unrest continued, and by 2003, two rebel groups were challenging Taylor's control of the country. In August 2003, Taylor resigned and fled the country and vice-president Moses Blah became acting president. The international community again intervened and helped set up a transitional government under Gyude Bryant. UN and U.N. redirect here. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... Liberia held Presidential and Legislative elections on 19 July 1997 following an end to a bloody civil war that devastated the country. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberian political parties ... Moses Zeh Blah (born April 18, 1947) was named President of Liberia on August 11, 2003, following the resignation of Charles Taylor. ... Gyude Bryant Charles Gyude Bryant (born January 17, 1949) was the Chairman of the Transitional Government of Liberia from October 14, 2003 until January 16, 2006. ...

Executive branch

The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term (renewable). The cabinet is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The following is a list of Presidents of the Republic of Liberia, made up of the 24 heads of state in the history of Liberia. ... Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (born October 29, 1938) is the current president of Liberia and Africas first elected female head of state. ... The Unity Party (UP) is a political party in Liberia, that was started in 1984 by the late Dr. Edward B. Kesselly, also its first Standard Bearer. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

Liberia has a bicameral Legislature that consists of the Senate (30 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) The Legislature of Liberia is bicameral, consisting of a Senate (upper house) and House of Representatives (lower house), same as the Congress of the United States. ... The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ...

Political parties and elections

A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Liberia lists political parties in Liberia. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Liberia ... Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (born October 29, 1938) is the current president of Liberia and Africas first elected female head of state. ... The Unity Party (UP) is a political party in Liberia, that was started in 1984 by the late Dr. Edward B. Kesselly, also its first Standard Bearer. ... George Manneh Oppong Ousman Weah (born October 1, 1966 in Monrovia[1]) is a Liberian politician and former football forward. ... Congress for Democratic Change (CDC) is a Liberian political party formed by supporters of George Weahs 2005 presidential candidacy. ... Charles Walker Brumskine (born 27 April 1951) is a Liberian politician. ... The Liberty Party was comprised of people who wanted to send freed slaves to Liberia, in their homeland of Africa. ... Winston A. Tubman (born 1941) is a Liberian diplomat and politician. ... The National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... Harry Varney Gboto-Nambi Sherman (b. ... The Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL) is a four-party coalition that was formed to contest the 2005 elections in Liberia. ... Roland Massaquoi is a Liberian politician and member of the National Patriotic Party (NPP). ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberian political parties ... Joseph Korto is a Liberian politician and member of the Liberia Equal Rights Party (LERP). ... The Liberia Equal Rights Party (LERP) is a political party in Liberia. ... Alhaji G.V. Kromah is a Liberian politician and former rebel leader. ... The All Liberia Coalition Party is a political party in Liberia. ... Togba-Nah Tipoteh (born 1941 in Monrovia, Liberia) is a politician, economist, and educator, having mostly recently been presidential candidate for Liberias 2005 elections, running as the candidate for the Alliance for Peace and Democracy. ... The Alliance for Peace and Democracy (APD) is a coalition of two Liberian political parties, the Liberian Peoples Party (LPP) and the United Peoples Party (UPP), that contested the 11 October 2005 elections. ... William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman, Jr. ... The Reformed United Liberia Party (RULP) is a political party in Liberia. ... John Sembe Morlu is a Liberian politician and member of the Liberia National Union (LINU). ... The United Democratic Alliance (UDA) is a coalition of three Liberian political parties - the Liberia National Union (LINU), Liberia Education and Development Party (LEAD), and the Reformation Alliance Party (RAP) - that contested the 11 October 2005 elections. ... Nathaniel Barnes is a Liberian politician and member of the Liberian Destiny Party (LDP). ... The Liberian Destiny Party (LDP) is a political party in Liberia. ... Margaret Tor-Thompson is a Liberian politician and member of the Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL). ... The Freedom Alliance Party of Liberia (FAPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... Joseph M. Woah-Tee (b. ... The Labor Party of Liberia (LPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... Sekou Conneh Sekou Damate Conneh, Jr. ... The Progressive Democratic Party (PRODEM) is a newly formed political party in Liberia. ... David Farhat is a Liberian politician and member of the Free Democratic Party (FDP). ... The Free Democratic Party (FDP) is a political party in Liberia. ... George Klay Kieh (b. ... The New Deal Movement (NDM) is a political party in Liberia. ... Armah Jallah is a Liberian politician and member of the National Party of Liberia (NPL). ... The National Party of Liberia (NPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... Robert Kpoto is a Liberian politician and member of the Union of Liberian Democrats (ULD). ... The Union of Liberian Democrats (ULD) is a political party in Liberia. ... George Kiadii is a Liberian politician and member of the National Vision Party of Liberia (NATVIPOL). ... The National Vision Party of Liberia (NATVIPOL) is a political party in Liberia. ... Samuel Raymond Divine, Sr. ... Bishop Alfred Reeves is a Liberian politician and member of the National Reformation Party (NRP). ... The National Reformation Party (NRP) is a political party in Liberia. ... Presidential and parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Liberia on October 11, 2005. ... The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... The Senate is the upper chamber of the bicameral Liberian Legislature. ... Congress for Democratic Change (CDC) is a Liberian political party formed by supporters of George Weahs 2005 presidential candidacy. ... The Liberty Party was comprised of people who wanted to send freed slaves to Liberia, in their homeland of Africa. ... The Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL) is a four-party coalition that was formed to contest the 2005 elections in Liberia. ... The Liberian Action Party is a political party in Liberia. ... The Liberia Unification Party is a political party in Liberia. ... The Peoples Democratic Party of Liberia (PDPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... The True Whig, also known as Liberian Whig Party, was Liberias only legal political party for over 100 years, from 1878 to the coup detat of 1980. ... The Unity Party (UP) is a political party in Liberia, that was started in 1984 by the late Dr. Edward B. Kesselly, also its first Standard Bearer. ... The Alliance for Peace and Democracy (APD) is a coalition of two Liberian political parties, the Liberian Peoples Party (LPP) and the United Peoples Party (UPP), that contested the 11 October 2005 elections. ... The Liberian Peoples Party is a political party in Liberia. ... The United Peoples Party is a political party in Liberia. ... Politics of Liberia Categories: Politics stubs | Liberian political parties ... The New Deal Movement (NDM) is a political party in Liberia. ... The All Liberia Coalition Party is a political party in Liberia. ... The National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) is a political party in Liberia. ... The National Reformation Party (NRP) is a political party in Liberia. ... The United Democratic Alliance (UDA) is a coalition of three Liberian political parties - the Liberia National Union (LINU), Liberia Education and Development Party (LEAD), and the Reformation Alliance Party (RAP) - that contested the 11 October 2005 elections. ... The Liberia National Union (LINU) is a political party in Liberia West Africa. ... The Liberia Education and Development Party (LEAD) is a political party in Liberia. ... The Reformation Alliance Party (RAP) is a political party in Liberia. ... Presidential and parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in Liberia on October 11, 2005. ...

Judicial branch

There is a Supreme Court, criminal courts, and appeals court and magistrate courts in the counties. There also are traditional courts and lay courts in the counties. Trial by ordeal is practiced in various parts of Liberia. The Supreme Court of Liberia is the highest judicial body in Liberia. ... Trial by ordeal is a judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting them to a painful task. ...

Administrative divisions

The basic unit of local government is the town chief. There are clan chiefs, paramount chiefs, and district commissioners. Mayors are elected in principal cities in Liberia. The counties are governed by superintendents appointed by the President. There are fifteen counties in Liberia. There are 15 counties in Liberia, as of 2005. ...

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ACP States The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the LomÃ© Convention. ... The African Development Bank (ADB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of States dollar|$]]47. ... World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps member states communicate and cooperate on customs issues. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established in 1958 to encourage economic cooperation among its member states. ... The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... FAO redirects here. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). ... Red Cross redirects here. ... The International Development Association (IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the worldâ€™s poorest countries. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. ... IMF redirects here. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... Inmarsat plc is an international telecommunications company founded in 1979, originally as an intergovernmental organization. ... Intelsat is the worlds largest commercial satellite communications services provider. ... This article is about the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol. ... Stamp The International Olympic Committee (French: ComitÃ© International Olympique) is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas on June 23, 1894. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union internationale des tÃ©lÃ©communications, Spanish: UniÃ³n Internacional de Telecomunicaciones) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1946. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Confederation of Labour (WCL) was founded in 1920 under the name of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions as a confederation of unions associated with the Christian Democratic parties of Europe. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... WHO redirects here. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (French: Organisation mondiale de la propriÃ©tÃ© intellectuelle or OMPI) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... WMO flag The World Meteorological Organization (WMO, French: , OMM) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. ...

Category: Politics of Liberia Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Politics of Burkina Faso takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Burkina Faso is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... The constitution first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992 forms the basis of government organization. ... Politics of the Central African Republic takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government (with an executive Prime Minister. ... Despite President Laurent-DÃ©sirÃ© Kabilas claims that his was a transitional government leading to a new constitution and full elections by April 1999, these elections have not as of 2004 been held, and a 1998 draft constitution has not been finalized. ... CÃ´te dIvoire is a republic, with a multiparty presidential regime established in 1960. ... The 1982 constitution of Equatorial Guinea gives the President extensive powers, including naming and dismissing members of the cabinet, making laws by decree, dissolving the Chamber of Representatives, negotiating and ratifying treaties and calling legislative elections. ... Following the promulgation of a new constitution in 1990, SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe held multiparty elections for the first time since independence. ... Sierra Leone is a republic with an executive president and a multi-party system of government. ... // Constitution Following the 1994 elections, South Africa was governed under an interim constitution. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Politics of Spain takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the Head of State and the President of the Government is the head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. ... Politics of Spain takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the Head of State and the President of the Government is the head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. ... Politics of Portugal takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Politics of Spain takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the Head of State and the President of the Government is the head of government in a pluriform multi-party system. ... Politics of Saint Helena takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Governor is the head of government. ... Politics of Yemen takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Yemen is both head of state and head of government. ... The Politics of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President as head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Southern Sudan has been an autonomous region of Sudan since a peace agreement was signed between the Government of Sudan and the rebel Sudan Peoples Liberation Army. ... The Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar is the semi-autonomous government of Zanzibar, a part of Tanzania. ...